Concrete Technology : Specifcation, design, production, testing and analysis of concreteMaterial SelectionConcrete Mix DesignSpecification for mix design and durability of concreteTesting of concreteAcceptance criteriaAnalysis and Interpretation of resultsPossible causes of non-conformance COVERAGEMost widely used engineering materialexcellent resistance to waterEase of forming to various shapesCheapest and most readily availableType !"C, ""C, S#C etc$%&ased on pro'ect specifcations and durability guidelines(inenessStrength development rateConformance to relevant standards)ata of consistency from manufacturer*ncoming lots can be sub'ected to random tests at competent laboratoriesSpecifc +ravity and moisture absorption,alues needed for design-ow absorption recommendedShape(la.iness/Elongation %,alues for total agg$ should not exceed 012034 Crushing / *mpact value5ot more than 014Should normally be stronger than concrete paste"article si6e distributionshould not vary much from the designed values*ncoming inspection !versi6e)ust content Cleanliness,isual observation on shape, wea. stones etc$Source identifcation Specifc +ravity and moisture absorption,alues needed for design-ow absorption recommendedSilt ContentMaximum allowable 04 by weightcan be calibrated vis272vis volumetric tests )eleterious materialsConforming to limits of *S 080"article si6e distributionshould not vary much from the designed valuesCalculate (ineness Modulus*ncoming inspection "resence of pebblesSilt content by volumeClay lumps,isual observation on presence of rubbish materials and oil etc$Source identifcation Should comply to all limits for physical and chemical properties as per Table9 of *S:3;:er by more than 01 minutesStrength not less than ?1 percentTa.e water from tested sourceChec. p@, Chlorides A Sulphates on random basis from incoming material*t is a composite material consisting of :&inding medium li.e cementhydraulic, develops paste of high compressive strength and low permeability(illers, essentially cheap and bul.yCB and coarse component of (BTo increase the volume, no reactivity(iner fnes*mparted from (B, help in lubricating and improving rheology of mix alongwith pasteChemical admixtures@elp in modifying green properties of concrete li.e slump, setting time etc$@elp reduce w2c, hence improve durabilityachievement of economySupplementary binders / mineral admixturesCy ash, microsilica, ++&S etc$"articipate in secondary hydration*mprove durabilityBstheguarantorofDualityofconcreteusedinthe construction, The constructor shall carry out the mix designandthemixso)esignednotthemethodof design%shallbeapprovedbytheEmployerwithin the limitationsof parameters and other Stipulations laid down by this standard$ *S :3;: