Presentation - H2S Training REV.2 - End User (English) ANSI-Z390

5/24/2018 Presentation - H2S Training REV.2 - End User (English) ANSI-Z390

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Hydrogen Sulfide, The Silent Killer

HYDROGEN SULPHIDETRAINING

Accelerated H2S

No. HS-002


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Welcome to Accelerated H2S. This course was designed to provide you with

the essential, basic tools and knowledge needed to work around Hydrogen

Sulfide safely. We will review characteristics, properties, health effects, and

many other subjects regarding this extremely poisonous gas which has beenlabeled the leading cause of death within the Petro-Chemical Industry.

Introduction


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What is H2S?

Where is H2S found?

What are the Properties of H2S?

How do I detect H2S?How do I protect myself from H2S?

What are effects of H2S?

What are Procedures for Rescue?

How do I respond to an H2S Alarm?What are the Proper Safety Measures?

On this course we will learn:


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Course will be delivered on a classroom theory to allow for total

integration of competence, knowledge, thinking skills, and

correct procedures.

A short film will be showed titled H2S Safety (A Matter of Life or

Death)

Practical/hands on training will be done at the end of course for

skill assessment for individual trainee.

Course Delivery:


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Highly toxic and colourless gas - very dangerous

Belongs to the inorganic sulphide family

Consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 sulphur atom

Known by many names, including:

Stink damp

Rotten-egg gas

Sulphurated hydrogen

Hydrosulphuric acid

Sour crude / Sour Gas

Sulphur hydride

Swamp gas

Sewer gas


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Sources of H2S

Natural Sources

Produced in nature by decomposition of organic materials

by bacteria

May develop in low oxygen areas - swamps, polluted water

Can be found in unstabilised crude oil and gas streams
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Industrial Sources

A product or by-product of waste material:

As a by-product, often recovered and

converted to elemental sulphur/sulphuric

acid

As a waste material, often flared or

disposed of by burning
http://www.gibraltarnewsonline.com/images/reports/esg_cepsa_refinery_flare_may06.jpg


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Drilling and Well Service operations:

1. Rig Floor

2. Bell Nipple

3. Mud Pits

4. Shale Shakers

Production Operations:

1. Test Separator

2. Choke Manifold

3. Well Head4. Heater

COMMON LOCATIONS WHERE H2S MIGHT BE

PRESENT ON DRILLING OPERATIONS:


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Plant Operations:

1. Inlet Separators

2. Sweetening Processor

3. Storage Tanks

4. Process Vessels

Transportation:

1. Metering Stations

2. Receiving Stations

3. Compressor Buildings

4. Transport Tanks


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Color: H2S is colorless so its invisible.

Odor: H2S has a very distinctive offensive odor similar to rotten eggs.

Vapor Density: Hydrogen Sulphide is heavier than air so it builds up in low lying

areas like pits, cellars, or tanks.

Explosive Limits:Mixed with the right proportion of air or oxygen which is 4.3%

to 46% by volume air H2S will explode.

Flammability: When H2S is burned it produces Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) anotherhazardous gas that irritates the eyes and lungs.

Solubility (In Water):H2S can be dissolved in liquids. When the liquid H2S is

dissolved in is agitated, depressurized, or heated, it will

return to the form of a gas.

Boiling Point: Dissolved in liquids; H2S boils at a very low temperature (60 C.). If

merely agitating the liquid can release the H2S back into a gas,then the boiling point temperature is going to be very low.


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.005 -0.13 ppm : Minimal perceptible odour

4.60 ppm : Easily detectable, moderate odour

5 ppm : TLV / TWA in the UK

10 ppm : Beginning eye irritation( STEL in the UK )( TLV / TWA / PEL ) in

the USA

15 ppm : ( STEL in the USA )

27.0 ppm : Strong, unpleasant odour, but not

intolerable

100 ppm : Coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell after

two to five minutes (IDLH)

200300 ppm : Marked conjunctivitis (eye Inflammation) and

respiratory tract irritation after one hour of exposure

500700 ppm : Loss of consciousness and possible death in 30

minutes to one hour

7001,000 ppm : Rapid unconsciousness, cessation (stopping or

pausing) of respiration and death

1,0002,000 ppm : Unconsciousness at once, with early cessation of

respiration and death in a few minutes. Death may

occur even the individual is removed to fresh air at

once

1% = 10,000 ppm

Percent (%) = Percent of gas by volume air.

Parts Per Million (PPM) = Parts of gas per million parts of air by volume


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Acceptable Exposure Limits

TWA / TLV / PEL10 PPM

STEL15 PPM

TLVC - 50 PPM

IDLH100 PPM


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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) will form when burning (flaring) H2S.

This gas, although colorless, can be identified by its

characteristic pungent odour. SO2 is so intensely irritating

that concentrations of three to five parts per million (ppm)are readily detectable by the normal person.


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Physical Properties of SO2:

Colourless

Heavier than air

Suffocating odorsimilar to burnt match tips.

Soluble in water/ liquids

Will not support combustion. (non flammable)Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL); 2ppm

Lethal at 1000ppm

NOTE: When H2S is flared or burned off, only 80% is burnt and 20% is leftas H2S. It produces SO2, CO, CO2 and Oxides of Nitrogen. SO2 being the major

by-product of burning cannot be burned for it is already a product of

combustion.


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WARNING: YOU CANNOT RELY ON YOUR SENSE OF SMELL TO DETECT HYDROGEN SULFIDE.

To properly detect the amount of toxic gas (H2S), one ofthe following methods must be used.

1. Lead Acetate, Ampoules of Coated Strips

2. Electronic Portable Detectors

3. Air Sampling Gas Detector Tubes

4. Fixed Electronic H2S Sensors


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LOW ALARM SETTING10 PPM

YELLOW/AMBER LIGHT FLASHING

HIGH ALARM SETTING15/20 PPM

YELLOW/AMBER LIGHT FLASHING WITH

AUDIBLE ALARMsample


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Two Common Types of Breathing Apparatus

a) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

This type of apparatus provides air from a cylinder

worn on the back. A commonly used cylinder will

supply air for 30 minutes. Other cylinders are

available for longer or shorter durations.

b) Supplied AirBreathing Apparatus

This is a variation of the self-containedapparatus. When the backmounted

cylinder is replaced by a cascade cylinder

connected by a hose line to the Demand valve

on the wears body. While the Supplied air

unit is lighter to wear, it restricts Movement

to the length of hose.

***Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus. The breathing apparatus wasdesigned with one purpose in mind, EMERGENCY ESCAPE USE ONLY. Ittakes only seconds to don, it has no belts, no straps to adjust, no face-piecevalves to turn on. Duration can be five, ten or fifteen minutes.


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GENERIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR PUTTING SCBA AND SABA

STEP 1: Open the SCBA box.

STEP 2: Check the gauge, making sure that the SCBA is fully

charge.

STEP 3: Put on the SCBA Harness and tighten all lose ends and

straps.

STEP 4: Open the cylinder valve while placing the facemask nearyour face.

STEP 5: Don the facemask, tighten the head strap by starting

from lower temple all the way up until all ends are tight

and secure

STEP 6: Take a deep breathe to active the first breathe

mechanism.

STEP 7: Control your breathing and proceed to muster station.

Actual donning procedure will be showed on practical


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Facial Hair Facial hair lying between the sealing surface of the respirator Face piece and

the wearers skin will prevent an effective seal. Even one days growth of

stubble will permit excessive contaminant penetration and/or loss of air.

Contact Lenses Contact lenses are a definite hazard and should not be worn while wearing

a respirator in a contaminated atmosphere.

Corrective Spectacles Corrective Spectacles with temple bars or straps that Interfere

with the respirator face seal should not be worn as they willpermit excessive contaminant penetration.

Psychological DisturbancesPsychological disturbances, such as claustrophobia, are a definite

hazard to the wearer of a respirator.

Miscellaneous Sealing Problems Sealing problems vary according to the individual; some

are pronounced and others are not detected until a fit

test is performed. The more noticeable ones are scars,

hollow temples, very prominent cheek bones, deep skin

creases and the lack of teeth or dentures


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FACIAL HAIR REQUIREMENTS

(Unacceptable)


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FACIAL HAIR REQUIREMENTS

(Acceptable)


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Duration- How long has the individual been exposed? Knowing the length oftime of the exposure will help emergency response personnel act

accordingly to counter the affects of the gas.

Frequency- How often is the individual exposed to H2S? You cannot build up

immunity to the gas. However, you can delay the seriousness of the

exposure if the body has experienced oxidizing the gas before. This will

change the seriousness of the duration of exposure.

Intensity- How much gas has the individual been exposed to? If the person is

immediately exposed to a high concentration of H2S the body will not

be able to respond quickly enough to counter the affects.

Individual Susceptibility- The persons physiological make up. How healthy are they?Individuals who have a stronger immune system than others

will be able to resist the adverse affects of H2S for a longer

amount of time


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NOTE: H2S AND ALCOHOL DO NOT MIX! Individuals who have

consumed alcohol within 24 hours of an exposure have been

overcome by unusually small amounts (low concentrations) of

H2S. When alcohol is in the blood stream the effects of H2S can

be intensified by as much as 50% based on the individuals

susceptibility.


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1. Put on your full rescue unit (minimum 30-minute breathing

apparatus) before attempting a rescue or you too can become a

victim. Have Buddy. NEVER RESCUE SOMEBODY BY YOURSELF

2. Remove the victim immediately to fresh air.

3. If breathing, maintain the victim at rest and administer oxygen if

available.4. If the victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration immediately.

5. Call for professional assistance to get the victim medical treatment.

6. Keep the victim lying down with a blanket, coat, etc. under

shoulders to keep airway passage open. Conserve the victims body

heat and do not leave unattended.

7. If eyes are affected by H2S, wash them thoroughly with cleanwater, for slight eye irritation, cold compresses are helpful


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1. When approaching the jobsite

Observe condition signs & audio / visualalarms

Check for wind direction

Look for personnel & their activity

Enter the jobsite slowly

2. Minimum 2 defined alternate escaperoutes

3. No Smoking regulations strictlyenforced


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4. Continuous atmosphere monitoring or

detection equipment is required along withan adequate audio / visual alarm system.

5. Strategically placed explosionproofmechanical ventilators reduce H2S exposure.


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6. An H2S awareness training program & drills

7. Use the Buddy System at all times

8. Avoid low lying areas.

9. Maintain & observe warning signs / barriers.

10. Post emergency numbers & maintain reliable communication systems.


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13. Train on the type of breathing apparatus on your locations.

14. Know the location of your Muster Areas & your procedures.

11. Train on the type of breathing apparatus on your locations.

12. Know the location of your Muster Areas & your procedures.


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1. Hold your breath2. Move upwind or crosswind away from

the source of the leak3. Don breathing apparatus & do not

attempt a rescue until you have donnedbreathing apparatus

4. Help anyone in distress5. Report to your emergency station

Upon hearing the alarm!!!


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A major oil company drilled into a sour zone. The well blew, spewing H2S

over the surrounding area. Well could not be shut in and it finally ignited

fourteen days later. One week later, the blaze was finally extinguished.

Sixteen (16) men were over come by H2S. All workers had had breathingapparatus on before the incident, but during an explosion, the breathing

apparatuses were blown off.

A thirty-five year old workman collapsed after descending into a fifteen

foot deep sewer to collect water samples. He encountered highconcentrations of H2S. His two rescuers also collapsed in attempting to

rescue him. There were no survivors.

Some History of H2S Accidents


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Some History of H2S Accidentscontinued.

Two men died when they inhaled poisonous gas fumes coming from a 500

gallon oilfield frac tank. One died as he fell into the tank and the other one

died as he went to the first man's rescue.

A forty-two (42) year old man and his seventeen (17) year old son became

unconscious while emptying a cesspool in their back yard. The man fell

unconscious and when he revived, attempted to move his unconscious

son. The father became unconscious again, and when revived byneighbors, make a speedy recovery. His son was not as fortunate. He

never regain consciousness despite CPR attempts.


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The H2S Accident in 2003 - China Shenzhen, China- December of 2003. An estimated 191 people were killed

and many more injured after drillers punctured a highly pressurized store

of natural gas and Hydrogen Sulfide. The well exploded, spewing a mixture

of gas and toxic chemicals over 100ft. in the air and creating a poisonous

plume that spread over several square miles. A village close to the locationwas devastated with 90 percent of the people and there families killed

during the release. A neighboring town had some 600 people inflicted

with poisoning and chemical burns. The incident was said to have occurred

from poor safety procedures and faulty rescue attempts.


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If you have doubts, your questions are most welcome.

We will now view the H2S Training Video: A Matter of Life and Death

And we will have a short Quiz covering the information we discussedtoday after the H2S video presentation.

Then we will move into BA Set and Hose line connection Hands on andfacemask fit testing.

Presentation - H2S Training REV.2 - End User (English) ANSI-Z390

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Transcript of Presentation - H2S Training REV.2 - End User (English) ANSI-Z390