Presentation from February 10, 2009 Dinner Meeting

8/9/2019 Presentation from February 10, 2009 Dinner Meeting

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The Seven Samurai of

Systems Engineering

Dealing with the Complexity

of 7 Interrelated Systems

WMA Chapter of INCOSE

Washington, DC

10 February 2009

James N Martin

The Aerospace Corporation

[email protected]


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A Film by Kurosawa (1954)A Film by Kurosawa (1954)

Tale of heroism and sacrifice

Samurai warriors hired by a

Japanese village to protect against

a band of marauding thieves

Some say

one of the greatest masterpiecesin the history of the motion

picture

what cinema is meant to be


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The American Wild West Version (1960)The American Wild West Version (1960)

Starring

Yul Brynner (leader of the 7)

Steve McQueen

James Coburn

Charles Bronson

Some call it the best Western ever made


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ContextSystem

(S1)

Problem (P1)

First, there is a Problem to be solved

The Problem is part of the Context System


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ContextSystem

(S1)

Problem (P1) Context System Elements

Pre-Existing Solutions

Physical Environment (air, land, sea)

Regulatory Environment (laws,

regulations, customs, ethics, stigmas)

Information (data, signals, noise)

Knowledge (information, knowledge,

wisdom, best practices)

AntiAnti--Knowledge (misinformation, lies, stupidity)Knowledge (misinformation, lies, stupidity)

Emotions (love, hate, delight, disappointment)Emotions (love, hate, delight, disappointment)

Aesthetics (elegance, beauty, cultural expectations)Aesthetics (elegance, beauty, cultural expectations)

But More Elements . . .But More Elements . . .


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ContextSystem

(S1)

Problem (P1)

Intervention

System (S2)

intended to addressintended to address

Systems Engineers try to

conceive of a way to

suppress the Problem


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ContextSystem

(S1)

Problem (P1)

Intervention

System (S2)

intended to addressintended to address

Transport people quickly

over long distanc

es.

Collect images quickly

over entireearth.

Problems System Solutions

Passenger Jet

Imagery Satellite


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RealizationRealizationSystem (S3)System (S3)

needs to understand

ContextSystem (S1)

Intervention

System (S2)

Problem (P1)

intended to address

The Intervention System must be:

Designed & DevelopedTested & Qualified

Produced & Deployed


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Realization System Elements

People & Organizations

Facilities & Equipment

Materials & Supplies

Services & Utilities

Processes & Methods

Tools & Techniques

Policies & Procedures

Data & Information

Knowledge & Wisdom


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RealizationRealizationSystem (S3)System (S3)

needs to understand

ContextSystem (S1)

Intervention

System (S2)

Problem (P1)

intended to address

Airbus + Air France +

Airplane Standards + etc

Boeing + Suppliers +

US Govt + Regulations

+ Imaging Technology +

Physics Knowledge + etc

Realization Systems

Passenger Jet

Imagery Satellite

Intervention Systems


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ContextSystem (S1) RealizationSystem (S3)

Intervention

System (S2)

Problem (P1)

intended to address

needs to understand

Deployed System is

often different from the

as-designed system

DeployedDeployed

System (S4)System (S4)

becomes


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Intervention

System (S2)

Problem (P1)

intended to address

needs to understand

DeployedDeployed

System (S4)System (S4)

becomesBoeing

747

747-100 s/n 345 747-200 s/n 678

747-419 s/n 321


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Modified Context

System (S1)

becomes

needs to

understand


Intervention

System (S2)

Deployed

System (S4)

Problem (P1)

intended to address

becomes

needs to understand


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Intervention

System (S2)

Modified Context

System (S1)

Deployed

System (S4)

Problem (P1)

intended to address

becomes

becomes

needs to understand

needs tounderstand

Problem (P2)

may

cause

Unanticipated?

Unintended?


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Intervention

System (S2)

Modified Context

System (S1)

Deployed

System (S4)

Problem (P1)

Problem (P2)

may

cause

intended to address

becomes

becomes

needs to understand

needs tounderstand

Collaborating

System (S5)

collaborateswith


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Context

System (S1)

Realization

System (S3)

Intervention

System (S2)

Modified Context

System (S1)

Deployed

System (S4)

Problem (P1)

Problem (P2)

may

cause

Collaborating

System (S5)

collaborateswith

intended to address

becomes

becomes

needs to understand

needs tounderstand

Sustainment

System (S6)

sustains

may need

to developor modify


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Context

System (S1)

Realization

System (S3)

Intervention

System (S2)

Modified Context

System (S1)

Deployed

System (S4)

Problem (P1)

Problem (P2)

may

cause

Collaborating

System (S5)

collaborateswith

intended to address

becomes

becomes

needs to understand

needs tounderstand

Sustainment

System (S6)

sustains

may need

to developor modify

1. Logistics Supply Chain

2. Repair Depot

3. Customer Hotline

4. Energy & Fuel Suppliers

5. Waste Removal

6. Communications

7. Training & Education8. Food & Water


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Context

System (S1)

Modified ContextSystem (S1)

Deployed

System (S4)

Problem (P1)

becomes

Competing

System (S7)

may address

competes

with


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Context

System (S1)

Modified ContextSystem (S1)

Deployed

System (S4)

Problem (P1)

becomes

Competing

System (S7)

may address

competes

with

1. Competitors System

2. Homegrown Solutions

3. Status Quo (do noth

ing)

1. Fuel & Energy

2. Scarce Materials3. Trained & Educated People

4. Psychological Expectations

5. Limited Attention Span


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Context

System (S1)

Realization

System (S3)

Intervention

System (S2)

Competing

System (S7)

Modified Context

System (S1)

Deployed

System (S4)

Sustainment

System (S6)

Problem (P1)

Problem (P2)

may

cause

Collaborating

System (S5)

collaborateswith

intended to address

becomes

may address

competeswith

becomes

sustains

may needto developor modify

needs to understand

needs tounderstand

The 7The 7

SamuraiSamurai


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Context

System (S1)

Realization

System (S3)

Intervention

System (S2)

Competing

System (S7)

Modified Context

System (S1)

Deployed

System (S4)

Sustainment

System (S6)

Problem (P1)

Problem (P2)

may

cause

Collaborating

System (S5)

collaborateswith

intended to address

becomes

may address

competeswith

becomes

sustains

may needto developor modify

needs to understand

needs tounderstand

15 Interactions15 Interactions

1. Context System (S1) contains a Problem (P1)2. Intervention System (S2) is intended to address P1

3. Realization System (S3) brings S2 into being

4. S2 is a constituent of S3

5. S3 needs to understand S1

6. S3 needs to understand the Modified Context System (S1)

7. S3 may need to develop or modify the Sustainment System (S6)

8. Intervention System (S2) becomes Deployed System (S4)

9. S1 becomes the Modified Context System (S1)

10. S4 is contained in (and int

eracts wit

h) S1

11. S4 collaborates with one or more Collaborating Systems (S5)

12. S4 is sustained by Sustainment System (S6)

13. S4 may cause new Problem (P2)

14. Competing System(s) (S7) may address the original Problem (P1)

15. S7 competes with S4 for resources


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Interactions Between the 7 Samurai Systems

1. Context System (S1) contains a Problem (P1)

2. Intervention System (S2) is intended to address P1




6. S3 needs to understand the Modified Context System (S1)7. S3 may need to develop or modify the Sustainment System (S6)

8. Intervention System (S2) becomesDeployed System (S4)


10. S4 is contained in (and interacts with) S1





15. S7 competes with S

4for resources and for the attention of users and operators


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Classical Systems Engineering

1. Context System (S1) contains a Problem (P1)

2. Intervention System (S2) is intended to address P1




6. S3 needs to understand the Modified Context System (S1)7. S3 may need to develop or modify the Sustainment System (S6)

8. Intervention System (S2) becomesDeployed System (S4)


10. S4 is contained in (and interacts with) S1





15. S7 competes with S

4for resources and for the attention of users and operators


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Systems engineers focustoo much on one system

the Intervention System

Should use this as a

framework to encourage

true systems thinking

The 7 Samurai frame-

work can lead to moreholistic application of

SE methods and tools

Presentation from February 10, 2009 Dinner Meeting

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