Presentation for the 2nd Dr. Somsak Sukwong Public Lecture Kasetsart University, Bangkok, March 21, 2013 Presented by: Maria Cristina “ Crissy” Guerrero Executive Director NTFP-EP

vines

Non-timber forest products

wild fruits

coffee

honey

pandan and other raw materials for handicrafts

fibers & dyes

NTFPs are estimated to account for as much as 25% of the income of close to one billion people (Molnar et al. 2004).

NTFPs provide supplementary income to other sources of income (crafts along provides up to 25% of cash income for Kalimantan artisans)

NTFPs often act as a safety net in times of economic shocks/ disasters

NTFPs reinforce tradition, culture, sustainability

NTFPs contribute to food security

Production volumes of NTFPs have decreased with the loss of forests around the world

Not much political and economic support Some technological support in academic

/R&D circles, but not as much on-demand support

Many NTFP gatherers, producers still receive low returns, not a lot of value addition at farm gate

Food security focus has been on food staples and crops (rice)

But many ASEAN agriculture systems are not based on paddy systems, and pursuing cash crops are resulting in loss of traditional varieties

Focus of food security programs has been on increasing volume of food rather than the quality, diversity or the appropriateness of the food

ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR) -important but for forest peoples, indigenous

peoples, additional attention is needed

Food security means that food is available at all times that all persons have means of

access to it; that it is nutritionally adequate in terms of quantity, quality and

variety; and that it is acceptable within the given culture. Only when all these

conditions are in place can a population be considered food secure.

(Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (1996)

Subsistence foods, gathered from the wild, support people in many parts of South and Southeast Asia

Hunting, gathering, and fishing are vital adjuncts to farming and together they form an integrated system catering to elementary subsistence needs (De Beer, 2011)

Forest foods often fill gaps in micronutrients, including vitamins, minerals (i.e. Zn and Fe), phyto-chemicals, and omega-3 fatty acids that are missing or in insufficient quantities in the staple

Wild foods are important in times of famine Some studies show that some forest-reliant

communities have more diversified diet and BETTER NUTRITION (Dounias, 2007)

Communities are becoming more food insecure with

loss of forests or loss of access to forests

In a recent study in 2 Cambodian villages in Ratanakiri province over 200 wild foods named, 70-75% of meat and vegetable supply is still from the forest (Nomad, NTFP 2012)

TRAV WATT

FOREST HONEY

TRAV PRUONG MELMEL

LUTLOT

Negrito Cultural Festivals

Research to understand more deeply the relations of forests (and deforestation) to the diet, health and nutrition of forest communities

Policy directives to protect and promote food from the forest programs

Development interventions on revitalization of forest foods through innovative ways: food from the forest festivals, cooking contests, recipe books, etc

FLEGT - Mechanism to control illegal timber trade- may apply to NTFPs in the future

LACEY ACT - Prohibits import of illegally harvested raw materials and finished products (and their components) made from illegally harvested materials; impacts rattan trade (US)

Sustainable Furnishings Council (US)- stimulating sustainable practices , and a symbol of assurance

Sustainable, ethical tourism – 20-40% increase in nature based tourism, increase in travel philanthropy, volunteer tourism which is nature based, increase in cultural / community based tourism

Natural rubber - Increasing demand for eco-certified natural / jungle rubber (not monoculture) Bridgestone has committed to increasing purchases of natural rubber

Eco-textiles – in 2008 over 1000 European companies participated in organic textile inspections

Potentials for Agro-forestry , NTFPs in national and international markets (Global Market for Bamboo is expanding and will reach $20B in 2015)

Indonesia – 80% of all rattan traded internationally is from Indonesia;

7% increase contribution of crafts to national exports in 2011, creative industries (partly crafts) contributed to 7.4% of GDP

Philippines – Tropical fibers law (2004) – mandates use of tropical fibers (some found in forest lands i.e. abaca) as fabrics for uniforms for public officials; EO 879 mandates 25% of public and elementary and secondary school desks and chairs would use bamboo

Laos -Wild food (from the forest) is estimated to make up 32% of GDP or USD 1.1 billion annually

Indonesia – the demand for forest honey is growing in Southeast Asia in Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines

( Mr. Koen, AMWAY, 2011) Laos – Surveys show there is a demand and benefit for sustainably certified rattan in Europe (WWF Laos, 2011) Vietnam – one of the top exporters of

oleoresins to Europe. Some supply is being sourced from Cambodia

From cottage industry

To village industry Value addition

Valuable product! Imugan, Sta Fe, Nueva Vizcaya

HONEY WORLD!

0.00

100,000.00

200,000.00

300,000.00

400,000.00

500,000.00

600,000.00

700,000.00

800,000.00

900,000.00

1,000,000.00

2005 2007 2009 2011

(Sept)

NATRIPAL SALES

USD 24,000 in 2011

Khmum Prey 163% increase in Sales in 2011!

Roughly 100,000 people are

dependent on resin tapping with

contributing income of

350USD/annum. (CDRI, 2003)

Need policy support on community licensing for resin

Need institutional technology transfer support- i.e.FPRDI

Indonesian Ministry of Forestry regulation identified 30 NTFPs to be provided budget and program support

NTFPs for medicinal purposes are being given more attention

Indigenous knowledge to develop NTFPs still remains though diminishing

Some local associations, cooperatives, credit unions may be the foundation of NTFP enterprises

Some private sector partners are becoming more interested though not all are flexible and patient

“Pivot” to Asia provides new opportunities for trade ASEAN economic integration in 2015

Government economic development agenda often not favorable

Engagement with larger companies requires formula development and strict adherence to standards

Irregular availability Changing weather patterns affects production R&D Sector wants to work with private sector rather

than NGOs, communities Security of tenure and access makes this option often

not as attractive as others

Integration of plans and programming among ministries

Value chain development, capacity building and connectivity between gatherers, companies, government sector

Simplification of procedures, incentives for NTFP enterprises

Integration of NTFPs within national reforestation programs

Areas of high NTFP value off to industrial development, forest conversion for their eco-cultural value

Ancestral Domain Applied area

Agroforestry Assistance

Level 2 Water System

NTFP development

Carbon accounting

Carbon and biodiversity inventory

Handicraft development and marketing

Water system development

Sustainable Agriculture and agro-forestry

Heritage center development Leading on cultural aspects Including food from the forest

Participatory FLUP

COMPONENTS BENEFITS

Agroforestry Around 16, 798 seedlings have been distributed to farmers in

Narra and Quezon. Distributed 11 carabaos to poor farmers in both

sites . 539 individual farmers supported through farm planning,etc

Water System Two (2) level II water systems have been established with a

combined beneficiaries of 287 households and two schools with a

combined population of 1,300 elementary students. This lead to

the village ordinances to preserve the watersheds in these areas

NTFP

Development

Assisted 4 enterprise POs with a combined membership of over

200 families in the product development and marketing of crafts

Carbon

Accounting

Based on unofficial inventory carbon content for 9 plots in

Quezon reflect the carbon content at 152 tons/ha. Narra and

Quezon sites cover approximately 20,000 has.

FLUP

development

Allowing for the participatory planning and integration of ancestral

domain management plans with government plans

Catalyze local government support to push the local livelihood and sustainability agenda

Integration of livelihoods in REDD projects for short term benefits to communities

Participatory Land Use Planning and Integrated program

Team of diverse competencies/expertise to address varied issues

Short and long term planning and financing from green investors

Promote Forest Foods in Food Security Programs

Purchase products from Community-based NTFP based enterprises

Encourage NTFP value chain connectivity & local government support for comm. forestry landscape approaches