Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Power Management of Smart PhonesSeminar Presentation for 2 Years M.Tech 3rd Semester

Sumanta Chakraborty

Department of Computer Science & EngineeringUniversity of Calcutta

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 1 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

In this talk

1 Introduction

2 Li-ion batteries

3 Power Management Technologies

4 Future Batteries

5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps

6 Conclusion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 2 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

In this chapter

1 Introduction

2 Li-ion batteries

3 Power Management Technologies

4 Future Batteries

5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps

6 Conclusion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 3 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Rapid growth in hardware and software technologies in smart phones leads to powerhungry applications, e.g., games, real-time location-based tracking applications, and morepowerful processors, network interfaces, memory, operating systems and so on

However, evolution in battery technologies has been very slow

Researching on power consumption in smart phones has become a very hot topic today

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 4 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Rapid growth in hardware and software technologies in smart phones leads to powerhungry applications, e.g., games, real-time location-based tracking applications, and morepowerful processors, network interfaces, memory, operating systems and so on

However, evolution in battery technologies has been very slow

Researching on power consumption in smart phones has become a very hot topic today

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 4 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Rapid growth in hardware and software technologies in smart phones leads to powerhungry applications, e.g., games, real-time location-based tracking applications, and morepowerful processors, network interfaces, memory, operating systems and so on

However, evolution in battery technologies has been very slow

Researching on power consumption in smart phones has become a very hot topic today

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 4 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

A few common smart phone tasks and their average power consumption 1

A one-minute phone call: 1054mWSending or and receiving email over mobile network: 610mWVideo playback: 454mWSending and receive email over Wi-Fi: 432mWAudio playback: 320mWSending a text message: 302mW

1The above estimates come from research performed in 2010, but give you an idea of relative powerconsumption required for tasks [1 ]

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 5 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

In this chapter

1 Introduction

2 Li-ion batteries

3 Power Management Technologies

4 Future Batteries

5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps

6 Conclusion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 6 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

HistoryPioneer work with the lithium-ion battery began in 1979 at Oxford University by JohnGoodenough and his colleagues Phil Wiseman, Koichi Mizushima, and Phil JonesTheir research was turned into commercial technology by Sony who released the firstcommercial lithium-ion battery in 1991

Each cell in a rechargeable Lithium-ion battery has essentially three components:1 Positive Electrode: lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) or, in newer batteries, lithium iron

phosphate (LiFePO4)2 Negative Electrode: graphite3 Electrolyte: a mixture of organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate or diethyl

carbonate containing complexes of lithium ions

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 7 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

HistoryPioneer work with the lithium-ion battery began in 1979 at Oxford University by JohnGoodenough and his colleagues Phil Wiseman, Koichi Mizushima, and Phil JonesTheir research was turned into commercial technology by Sony who released the firstcommercial lithium-ion battery in 1991

Each cell in a rechargeable Lithium-ion battery has essentially three components:1 Positive Electrode: lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) or, in newer batteries, lithium iron

phosphate (LiFePO4)2 Negative Electrode: graphite3 Electrolyte: a mixture of organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate or diethyl

carbonate containing complexes of lithium ions

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 7 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

HistoryPioneer work with the lithium-ion battery began in 1979 at Oxford University by JohnGoodenough and his colleagues Phil Wiseman, Koichi Mizushima, and Phil JonesTheir research was turned into commercial technology by Sony who released the firstcommercial lithium-ion battery in 1991

Each cell in a rechargeable Lithium-ion battery has essentially three components:1 Positive Electrode: lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) or, in newer batteries, lithium iron

phosphate (LiFePO4)2 Negative Electrode: graphite3 Electrolyte: a mixture of organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate or diethyl

carbonate containing complexes of lithium ions

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 7 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Electrolytic ProcessWhen the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to thenegative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process

When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positiveelectrode, producing the energy that powers the battery

AdvantagesHigh energy density potentialDon’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear tobecome harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2

Better for environment

2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories inJapan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has beenpublished in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Electrolytic ProcessWhen the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to thenegative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process

When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positiveelectrode, producing the energy that powers the battery

AdvantagesHigh energy density potentialDon’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear tobecome harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2

Better for environment

2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories inJapan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has beenpublished in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Electrolytic ProcessWhen the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to thenegative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process

When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positiveelectrode, producing the energy that powers the battery

AdvantagesHigh energy density potentialDon’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear tobecome harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2

Better for environment

2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories inJapan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has beenpublished in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Electrolytic ProcessWhen the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to thenegative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process

When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positiveelectrode, producing the energy that powers the battery

AdvantagesHigh energy density potentialDon’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear tobecome harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2

Better for environment

2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories inJapan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has beenpublished in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Electrolytic ProcessWhen the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to thenegative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process

When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positiveelectrode, producing the energy that powers the battery

AdvantagesHigh energy density potentialDon’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear tobecome harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2

Better for environment

2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories inJapan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has beenpublished in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Electrolytic ProcessWhen the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to thenegative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process

When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positiveelectrode, producing the energy that powers the battery

AdvantagesHigh energy density potentialDon’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear tobecome harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2

Better for environment

2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories inJapan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has beenpublished in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Electrolytic ProcessWhen the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to thenegative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process

When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positiveelectrode, producing the energy that powers the battery

AdvantagesHigh energy density potentialDon’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear tobecome harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2

Better for environment

2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories inJapan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has beenpublished in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Limitations

Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effectTransportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatorycontrolExpensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries

Safety features

Overheating to be avoidedThermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Limitations

Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effectTransportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatorycontrolExpensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries

Safety features

Overheating to be avoidedThermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Limitations

Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effectTransportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatorycontrolExpensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries

Safety features

Overheating to be avoidedThermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Limitations

Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effectTransportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatorycontrolExpensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries

Safety features

Overheating to be avoidedThermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Limitations

Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effectTransportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatorycontrolExpensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries

Safety features

Overheating to be avoidedThermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Limitations

Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effectTransportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatorycontrolExpensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries

Safety features

Overheating to be avoidedThermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Limitations

Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effectTransportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatorycontrolExpensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries

Safety features

Overheating to be avoidedThermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

In this chapter

1 Introduction

2 Li-ion batteries

3 Power Management Technologies

4 Future Batteries

5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps

6 Conclusion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 10 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy aware operating systems

Both Operating Systems & Applications are responsible for energy management in mobiledevices

Some researchers suggest that applications must adapt dynamically to energy limitations

Some researchers suggest that resources and energy management should be entirely doneat the operating system

The other researchers present an intermediate solution. They follow a hybrid approach inwhich both applications and operating system collaborate to reduce the powerconsumption in a mobile phone

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 11 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy aware operating systems

Both Operating Systems & Applications are responsible for energy management in mobiledevices

Some researchers suggest that applications must adapt dynamically to energy limitations

Some researchers suggest that resources and energy management should be entirely doneat the operating system

The other researchers present an intermediate solution. They follow a hybrid approach inwhich both applications and operating system collaborate to reduce the powerconsumption in a mobile phone

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 11 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy aware operating systems

Both Operating Systems & Applications are responsible for energy management in mobiledevices

Some researchers suggest that applications must adapt dynamically to energy limitations

Some researchers suggest that resources and energy management should be entirely doneat the operating system

The other researchers present an intermediate solution. They follow a hybrid approach inwhich both applications and operating system collaborate to reduce the powerconsumption in a mobile phone

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 11 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy aware operating systems

Both Operating Systems & Applications are responsible for energy management in mobiledevices

Some researchers suggest that applications must adapt dynamically to energy limitations

Some researchers suggest that resources and energy management should be entirely doneat the operating system

The other researchers present an intermediate solution. They follow a hybrid approach inwhich both applications and operating system collaborate to reduce the powerconsumption in a mobile phone

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 11 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy aware operating systems

Cinder [3 ]A mobile OS which tracks applications and services responsible for resource use and detectsmalware and buggy applications and by limiting their access to computing resources reducesconsume energy of the battery

ErdOS [4 ]It is conceived as an extension of Android OS. ErdOS proposes monitoring resources state,resources’ demands and users’ interaction patterns with applications and learning from users’behaviour and habits (i.e., users’ activities) to predict future resource demands and availabilityin an event-based fashion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 12 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy aware operating systems

Cinder [3 ]A mobile OS which tracks applications and services responsible for resource use and detectsmalware and buggy applications and by limiting their access to computing resources reducesconsume energy of the battery

ErdOS [4 ]It is conceived as an extension of Android OS. ErdOS proposes monitoring resources state,resources’ demands and users’ interaction patterns with applications and learning from users’behaviour and habits (i.e., users’ activities) to predict future resource demands and availabilityin an event-based fashion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 12 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Users’ Interaction With Mobile Applications And Computing Resources

An important aspect of energy management is having a good understanding of how, whenand where users interact with their handsets and how they demand energy

Ravi et al. [5 ] propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns theuser when it detects a power limitation before the next charging opportunity

Shye et al. [6 ] develop a background logger that periodically monitors resource utilisationat 1Hz during normal usage

Rakhmatov et al. [7 ] present a diffusion model for battery-aware scheduling algorithm inreal time embedded systems

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 13 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Users’ Interaction With Mobile Applications And Computing Resources

An important aspect of energy management is having a good understanding of how, whenand where users interact with their handsets and how they demand energy

Ravi et al. [5 ] propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns theuser when it detects a power limitation before the next charging opportunity

Shye et al. [6 ] develop a background logger that periodically monitors resource utilisationat 1Hz during normal usage

Rakhmatov et al. [7 ] present a diffusion model for battery-aware scheduling algorithm inreal time embedded systems

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 13 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Users’ Interaction With Mobile Applications And Computing Resources

An important aspect of energy management is having a good understanding of how, whenand where users interact with their handsets and how they demand energy

Ravi et al. [5 ] propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns theuser when it detects a power limitation before the next charging opportunity

Shye et al. [6 ] develop a background logger that periodically monitors resource utilisationat 1Hz during normal usage

Rakhmatov et al. [7 ] present a diffusion model for battery-aware scheduling algorithm inreal time embedded systems

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 13 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Users’ Interaction With Mobile Applications And Computing Resources

An important aspect of energy management is having a good understanding of how, whenand where users interact with their handsets and how they demand energy

Ravi et al. [5 ] propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns theuser when it detects a power limitation before the next charging opportunity

Shye et al. [6 ] develop a background logger that periodically monitors resource utilisationat 1Hz during normal usage

Rakhmatov et al. [7 ] present a diffusion model for battery-aware scheduling algorithm inreal time embedded systems

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 13 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy-efficient Communications

Most of the works try to leverage low power interfaces or contextual information tosmartly wake up the WiFi interface from sleep mode when there is likely to have an accesspoint instead of being permanently in a higher power state (or even idle)

Pering et al. [8 ] proposed a scheme that switches between Bluetooth and WiFi interfacesto save battery energy though this scheme needs to modify the infrastructure

Cell2Notify [9 ] (an energy management architecture) uses the cellular interface to wakeup the WiFi interfaces on an incoming VOIP call using specialized servers

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 14 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy-efficient Communications

Most of the works try to leverage low power interfaces or contextual information tosmartly wake up the WiFi interface from sleep mode when there is likely to have an accesspoint instead of being permanently in a higher power state (or even idle)

Pering et al. [8 ] proposed a scheme that switches between Bluetooth and WiFi interfacesto save battery energy though this scheme needs to modify the infrastructure

Cell2Notify [9 ] (an energy management architecture) uses the cellular interface to wakeup the WiFi interfaces on an incoming VOIP call using specialized servers

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 14 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy-efficient Communications

Most of the works try to leverage low power interfaces or contextual information tosmartly wake up the WiFi interface from sleep mode when there is likely to have an accesspoint instead of being permanently in a higher power state (or even idle)

Pering et al. [8 ] proposed a scheme that switches between Bluetooth and WiFi interfacesto save battery energy though this scheme needs to modify the infrastructure

Cell2Notify [9 ] (an energy management architecture) uses the cellular interface to wakeup the WiFi interfaces on an incoming VOIP call using specialized servers

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 14 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Sensors Optimizations

Accessing sensing resources can be expensive in terms of energy

Constandache et al. [10 ] propose location sensing adaptive framework called EnLocwhich selects the energy-optimal sensor by considering the accuracy-energy trade-off ofdifferent location sensors available in mobile phones and reduces energy consumption

Kang et al. [11 ] propose a scalable and energy-efficient monitoring framework calledSeeMon for sensor-rich and resource-limited mobile environments

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 15 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Sensors Optimizations

Accessing sensing resources can be expensive in terms of energy

Constandache et al. [10 ] propose location sensing adaptive framework called EnLocwhich selects the energy-optimal sensor by considering the accuracy-energy trade-off ofdifferent location sensors available in mobile phones and reduces energy consumption

Kang et al. [11 ] propose a scalable and energy-efficient monitoring framework calledSeeMon for sensor-rich and resource-limited mobile environments

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 15 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Sensors Optimizations

Accessing sensing resources can be expensive in terms of energy

Constandache et al. [10 ] propose location sensing adaptive framework called EnLocwhich selects the energy-optimal sensor by considering the accuracy-energy trade-off ofdifferent location sensors available in mobile phones and reduces energy consumption

Kang et al. [11 ] propose a scalable and energy-efficient monitoring framework calledSeeMon for sensor-rich and resource-limited mobile environments

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 15 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy-efficient Computations

With computation offloading 3, the mobile device does not perform the computation;instead, computation is performed somewhere else, such as on a server, thereby extendingbattery lifetime

CloneCloud [12 ] describes a flexible architecture for Android devices that enablescomputations to be offloaded to cloud platform instead of a remote server and thusincreases mobile devices’ computational power

3The processor of a smart phone can also be put in sleep mode rather than in idle mode to save energy.However, it is not effective when the processor is highly loaded

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 16 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Software Solutions

Energy-efficient Computations

With computation offloading 3, the mobile device does not perform the computation;instead, computation is performed somewhere else, such as on a server, thereby extendingbattery lifetime

CloneCloud [12 ] describes a flexible architecture for Android devices that enablescomputations to be offloaded to cloud platform instead of a remote server and thusincreases mobile devices’ computational power

3The processor of a smart phone can also be put in sleep mode rather than in idle mode to save energy.However, it is not effective when the processor is highly loaded

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 16 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Graphene Technology developed by Samsung

Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part throughwhich energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode

Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and withcapacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]

Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the siliconlayers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon

Thus the longevity of the battery is increased

But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcomingGalaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Graphene Technology developed by Samsung

Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part throughwhich energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode

Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and withcapacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]

Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the siliconlayers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon

Thus the longevity of the battery is increased

But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcomingGalaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Graphene Technology developed by Samsung

Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part throughwhich energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode

Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and withcapacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]

Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the siliconlayers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon

Thus the longevity of the battery is increased

But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcomingGalaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Graphene Technology developed by Samsung

Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part throughwhich energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode

Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and withcapacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]

Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the siliconlayers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon

Thus the longevity of the battery is increased

But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcomingGalaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Graphene Technology developed by Samsung

Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part throughwhich energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode

Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and withcapacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]

Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the siliconlayers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon

Thus the longevity of the battery is increased

But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcomingGalaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Apple’s research for longer battery life

Apple submitted a patent application for a hydrogen fuel cell 4

The technology could power next generation iPhones for a week per charge withoutrefueling

Patent claims that, rather than recharging, one can simply replace the fuel cartridge whenit had been completely drained

Apple would be looking at a range of possible fuel from lithium hydride to liquid hydrogen

4The US Patent and Trademark Office published it in September 3, 2015 [14 ]Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 18 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Apple’s research for longer battery life

Apple submitted a patent application for a hydrogen fuel cell 4

The technology could power next generation iPhones for a week per charge withoutrefueling

Patent claims that, rather than recharging, one can simply replace the fuel cartridge whenit had been completely drained

Apple would be looking at a range of possible fuel from lithium hydride to liquid hydrogen

4The US Patent and Trademark Office published it in September 3, 2015 [14 ]Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 18 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Apple’s research for longer battery life

Apple submitted a patent application for a hydrogen fuel cell 4

The technology could power next generation iPhones for a week per charge withoutrefueling

Patent claims that, rather than recharging, one can simply replace the fuel cartridge whenit had been completely drained

Apple would be looking at a range of possible fuel from lithium hydride to liquid hydrogen

4The US Patent and Trademark Office published it in September 3, 2015 [14 ]Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 18 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Apple’s research for longer battery life

Apple submitted a patent application for a hydrogen fuel cell 4

The technology could power next generation iPhones for a week per charge withoutrefueling

Patent claims that, rather than recharging, one can simply replace the fuel cartridge whenit had been completely drained

Apple would be looking at a range of possible fuel from lithium hydride to liquid hydrogen

4The US Patent and Trademark Office published it in September 3, 2015 [14 ]Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 18 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

OLED Display Technology

Apple is set to start using brand new screen technology beginning with its iPhone 8according to the report of the Nikkei Asian Review, [15 ] and this will lead to hugeimprovement in battery life

The company is set to switch to new OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens from2018, 5

OLED screens are much more efficient if they are being used to show screens that arepredominantly black

Problems areThe entire iOS should be redesignedOLED technology will lead to much bigger screens

5Samsung Electronics in 2010 became the first company to use OLEDs in smart phones withits Galaxy series

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 19 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

OLED Display Technology

Apple is set to start using brand new screen technology beginning with its iPhone 8according to the report of the Nikkei Asian Review, [15 ] and this will lead to hugeimprovement in battery life

The company is set to switch to new OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens from2018, 5

OLED screens are much more efficient if they are being used to show screens that arepredominantly black

Problems areThe entire iOS should be redesignedOLED technology will lead to much bigger screens

5Samsung Electronics in 2010 became the first company to use OLEDs in smart phones withits Galaxy series

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 19 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

OLED Display Technology

Apple is set to start using brand new screen technology beginning with its iPhone 8according to the report of the Nikkei Asian Review, [15 ] and this will lead to hugeimprovement in battery life

The company is set to switch to new OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens from2018, 5

OLED screens are much more efficient if they are being used to show screens that arepredominantly black

Problems areThe entire iOS should be redesignedOLED technology will lead to much bigger screens

5Samsung Electronics in 2010 became the first company to use OLEDs in smart phones withits Galaxy series

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 19 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

OLED Display Technology

Apple is set to start using brand new screen technology beginning with its iPhone 8according to the report of the Nikkei Asian Review, [15 ] and this will lead to hugeimprovement in battery life

The company is set to switch to new OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens from2018, 5

OLED screens are much more efficient if they are being used to show screens that arepredominantly black

Problems areThe entire iOS should be redesignedOLED technology will lead to much bigger screens

5Samsung Electronics in 2010 became the first company to use OLEDs in smart phones withits Galaxy series

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 19 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Battery Technology developed by Oukitel K10000

Chinese smart phone manufacturer Oukitel has claimed that its latest handset has abattery life of 10-15 days ”under normal usage” [16 ]

Oukitel K10000 comes with a 10,000mAh battery, but the size is 10 times bigger than thebattery of the iPhone 6s

According to Oukitel, the battery takes about three-and-half hours to charge completelyand the smart phone is the one with ”world’s largest battery capacity”

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 20 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Battery Technology developed by Oukitel K10000

Chinese smart phone manufacturer Oukitel has claimed that its latest handset has abattery life of 10-15 days ”under normal usage” [16 ]

Oukitel K10000 comes with a 10,000mAh battery, but the size is 10 times bigger than thebattery of the iPhone 6s

According to Oukitel, the battery takes about three-and-half hours to charge completelyand the smart phone is the one with ”world’s largest battery capacity”

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 20 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Battery Technology developed by Oukitel K10000

Chinese smart phone manufacturer Oukitel has claimed that its latest handset has abattery life of 10-15 days ”under normal usage” [16 ]

Oukitel K10000 comes with a 10,000mAh battery, but the size is 10 times bigger than thebattery of the iPhone 6s

According to Oukitel, the battery takes about three-and-half hours to charge completelyand the smart phone is the one with ”world’s largest battery capacity”

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 20 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Solar Panels built into Smart phone screen

Japanese device maker Kyocera in a partnership with SunPartner Technologies, showed aprototype Mobile World Congress 2015 in Barcelona [17 ]

The component that captures sunlight, called Wysips Crystal, can be installed just belowthe touchscreen panel of the smart phone, so it does not affect the user experience, andfeeds the solar energy into the battery

The real limitation of power delivery is due to the fact that the crystals have to betransparent

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 21 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Solar Panels built into Smart phone screen

Japanese device maker Kyocera in a partnership with SunPartner Technologies, showed aprototype Mobile World Congress 2015 in Barcelona [17 ]

The component that captures sunlight, called Wysips Crystal, can be installed just belowthe touchscreen panel of the smart phone, so it does not affect the user experience, andfeeds the solar energy into the battery

The real limitation of power delivery is due to the fact that the crystals have to betransparent

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 21 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Solar Panels built into Smart phone screen

Japanese device maker Kyocera in a partnership with SunPartner Technologies, showed aprototype Mobile World Congress 2015 in Barcelona [17 ]

The component that captures sunlight, called Wysips Crystal, can be installed just belowthe touchscreen panel of the smart phone, so it does not affect the user experience, andfeeds the solar energy into the battery

The real limitation of power delivery is due to the fact that the crystals have to betransparent

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 21 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Sound Powered Smart Phone

Researchers in the UK have built a phone that is able to charge using ambient sound inthe atmosphere around it

Principle is the piezoelectric effect

Interestingly, the nanorods respond to the human voice

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 22 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Sound Powered Smart Phone

Researchers in the UK have built a phone that is able to charge using ambient sound inthe atmosphere around it

Principle is the piezoelectric effect

Interestingly, the nanorods respond to the human voice

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 22 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Hardware Solutions

Sound Powered Smart Phone

Researchers in the UK have built a phone that is able to charge using ambient sound inthe atmosphere around it

Principle is the piezoelectric effect

Interestingly, the nanorods respond to the human voice

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 22 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

In this chapter

1 Introduction

2 Li-ion batteries

3 Power Management Technologies

4 Future Batteries

5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps

6 Conclusion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 23 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Laser-made microsuper-capacitors

Inventors: Scientists at RiceUniversityBurning electrode patternsinto sheets of plastic by usinglasers reduces manufacturingcosts and effort massivelyThe battery can charge 50times faster than currentbatteries and discharge evenslower than currentsuper-capacitors

Figure 1: Laser-made microsuper-capacitors developed by RiceUniversity researchers.

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 24 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Laser-made microsuper-capacitors

Inventors: Scientists at RiceUniversityBurning electrode patternsinto sheets of plastic by usinglasers reduces manufacturingcosts and effort massivelyThe battery can charge 50times faster than currentbatteries and discharge evenslower than currentsuper-capacitors

Figure 1: Laser-made microsuper-capacitors developed by RiceUniversity researchers.

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 24 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Laser-made microsuper-capacitors

Inventors: Scientists at RiceUniversityBurning electrode patternsinto sheets of plastic by usinglasers reduces manufacturingcosts and effort massivelyThe battery can charge 50times faster than currentbatteries and discharge evenslower than currentsuper-capacitors

Figure 1: Laser-made microsuper-capacitors developed by RiceUniversity researchers.

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 24 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Foam Batteries

Inventor: Prieto

A copper foam substrate isused

Safer; no flammableelectrolyte; longer life, fastercharging, five times higherdensity, cheaper and smaller

Figure 2: Prieto Battery’s copperfoam

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 25 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Foam Batteries

Inventor: Prieto

A copper foam substrate isused

Safer; no flammableelectrolyte; longer life, fastercharging, five times higherdensity, cheaper and smaller

Figure 2: Prieto Battery’s copperfoam

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 25 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Foam Batteries

Inventor: Prieto

A copper foam substrate isused

Safer; no flammableelectrolyte; longer life, fastercharging, five times higherdensity, cheaper and smaller

Figure 2: Prieto Battery’s copperfoam

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 25 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Aluminium Graphite Batteries

Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University

Capable to be fully charged in just one minute

Long lasting and faster charging

Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery

Skin Powered Battery

Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin

A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layercomposed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact andmore friction

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Aluminium Graphite Batteries

Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University

Capable to be fully charged in just one minute

Long lasting and faster charging

Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery

Skin Powered Battery

Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin

A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layercomposed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact andmore friction

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Aluminium Graphite Batteries

Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University

Capable to be fully charged in just one minute

Long lasting and faster charging

Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery

Skin Powered Battery

Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin

A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layercomposed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact andmore friction

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Aluminium Graphite Batteries

Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University

Capable to be fully charged in just one minute

Long lasting and faster charging

Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery

Skin Powered Battery

Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin

A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layercomposed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact andmore friction

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Aluminium Graphite Batteries

Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University

Capable to be fully charged in just one minute

Long lasting and faster charging

Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery

Skin Powered Battery

Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin

A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layercomposed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact andmore friction

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Aluminium Graphite Batteries

Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University

Capable to be fully charged in just one minute

Long lasting and faster charging

Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery

Skin Powered Battery

Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin

A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layercomposed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact andmore friction

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Aluminium Graphite Batteries

Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University

Capable to be fully charged in just one minute

Long lasting and faster charging

Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery

Skin Powered Battery

Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin

A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layercomposed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact andmore friction

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Aluminium Graphite Batteries

Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University

Capable to be fully charged in just one minute

Long lasting and faster charging

Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery

Skin Powered Battery

Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin

A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layercomposed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact andmore friction

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Other Upcoming batteries

StoreDot charges mobiles in 30 seconds

Shawn West’s 26-second charge batteries (Li-ion capacitors store electrical energy)

Water dew powered batteries

Solid State Batteries

· · ·

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 27 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

In this chapter

1 Introduction

2 Li-ion batteries

3 Power Management Technologies

4 Future Batteries

5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps

6 Conclusion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 28 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

The battery analytics of the following iPhone apps has been measured in [18 ] by an app calledNormal: Battery Analytics

Apps Power ExpenditureBT Wi-Fi 1 hour 42 minutes

Google Search 1 hour 24 minutesFacebook Messenger 1hour 20 minutes

Google Hangouts 1 hour 09 minutesWhatsApp 58 minutes

Google Maps 52 minutesViber 43 minutes

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 29 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

In this chapter

1 Introduction

2 Li-ion batteries

3 Power Management Technologies

4 Future Batteries

5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps

6 Conclusion

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 30 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

And miles to go · · ·

Still power management of smart phones is far from optimal

Lot more researches to be done, especially with alternative sources

On the other hand, so many ultra-modern batteries developed so far kindle hopes for ahuge improvement in power manage technologies of smart phones in the upcoming years

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 31 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

And miles to go · · ·

Still power management of smart phones is far from optimal

Lot more researches to be done, especially with alternative sources

On the other hand, so many ultra-modern batteries developed so far kindle hopes for ahuge improvement in power manage technologies of smart phones in the upcoming years

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 31 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

And miles to go · · ·

Still power management of smart phones is far from optimal

Lot more researches to be done, especially with alternative sources

On the other hand, so many ultra-modern batteries developed so far kindle hopes for ahuge improvement in power manage technologies of smart phones in the upcoming years

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 31 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

References I

A. Carroll and G. HeiserAn Analysis of Power Consumption in a Smartphone

http://phys.org/news/201304memoryeffectlithiumionbatteries.html

Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez and Jon CrowcroftEnergy Management Techniques in Modern Mobile HandsetsIEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALSG. F. WelchA survey of power management techniques in mobile computing operating systemsSIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol. 29, pp. 47âĂŞ56, October 1995

A. Roy, S. M. Rumble, R. Stutsman, P. Levis, D. Mazieres, and N. ZeldovichEnergy management in mobile devices with the cinder operating system, in Proceedings ofthe sixth conference on Computer systems, ser. EuroSys ’11. New York, NY, USA: ACM,2011, pp. 139âĂŞ152

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 32 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

References II

Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez and Jon CrowcroftErdOS: achieving energy savings in mobile OS in Proceedings of the sixth internationalworkshop on MobiArch, ser. MobiArch ’11. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011, pp. 37âĂŞ42

N. Ravi, J. Scott, L. Han, and L. IftodeContext-aware Battery Management for Mobile Phones in Pervasive Computing andCommunications, 2008. PerCom 2008. Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on,march 2008, pp. 224-233

A. Shye, B. Scholbrock, and G. MemikInto the wild: studying real user activity patterns to guide power optimizations for mobilearchitectures in Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium onMicroarchitecture, ser. MICRO 42. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009, pp. 168-178

D. Rakhmatov and S. VrudhulaEnergy management for battery-powered embedded systems in ACM Trans. on EmbeddedComputing Systems 2003, 2, 277-324

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 33 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

References IIIT. Pering, Y. Agarwal, R. Gupta and R. WantCoolspots: reducing the power consumption of wireless mobile devices with multiple radiointerfaces in Proceedings of The Fourth International Conference on Mobile Systems,Applications, and Services, Uppsala, Sweden, June 2006; pp. 220-232

Y. Agarwal, R. Chandra, A. Wolman, P. Bahl and R. GuptaWireless wakeups revisited: energy management for voip over wi-fi smartphones inProceedings of The 5th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, andServices, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 2007; pp. 179-191

I. Constandache, S. Gaonkar, M. Sayler, R. R. Choudhury and L. CoxEnLoc: energy-efficient localization for mobile phones INFOCOM, Rio de Jaeiro, Brazil,April 2009; pp. 2716-2720

S. Kang, J. Lee, H. Jang, H. Lee, Y. Lee, S. Park, T. Park and J. SongSeeMon: scalable and energy-efficient context monitoring framework for sensor-rich mobileenvironments in Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Systems,Applications, and Services, Breckenridge, CO, USA, June 2008; pp. 267-280

B.-G. Chun, S. Ihm, P. Maniatis, M. Naik, and A. PattiCloneCloud: elastic execution between mobile device and cloud in Proceedings of the sixthconference on Computer systems, ser. EuroSys ’11, pp. 301-314

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 34 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

References IV

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/64353/20150629/samsungsnewgraphenetechnologywilldoublelifeofyourlithiumionbattery.htm

http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/samsungdevelopingnewtechnologydoublebatterylifesmartphones

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/11842399/Applefilesnewpatentforfuelcellbatterythatcouldlastweeks.html

http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Apple-to-adopt-OLED-display-for-iPhone-from-2018

http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oukitelk10000chinesesmartphonemakerclaimsbatterylife15days

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/180954457/solarpanelsinthescreensofsmartphonescouldpowerthedevices

http://www.knowyourmobile.com/apple/apple-iphone-6/22038/10-apps-are-killing-your-iphones-battery-life

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 35 / 36

Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References

Thank You!!!

Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 36 / 36