1. DISIGNING AND TESTING OF BATTERY PERFORMANCE OF A PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED SOLAR WIND HYBRID SYSTEM DURING LOAD AND NOLOAD CONDITIONSPresented by Bikash Kumar Sahu P.K Choudhury

2. Contents Introduction Objective Literature review Materials and Methods Result and discussions References 3. Introduction Main challenges in the 21th Century rising of energy demands and safe guarding security of energy supply Demand for energy will be significantly increased in the coming years due to rapid population growth, industrialization and urbanizationof rural areas, particularly in the Asian and African countries, besides the constant rise in energy demand in developed countries 4. Contd.. Nearly 1.3 billion people will remain without access to electricity and 2.6 billion will have no access to clean cooking facilities by 2030.(WEO, 2012) Therefore, the urgent need efficient exploitation of alternative energy sources to meet the energy demands. Exploring site specific use of hybrid renewable energy systemBoth exploitation of solar and wind energy sources exhibits the fastest growth in the world, increase at around 25-35% annually over the last decade. 5. Hybrid power system Hybrid power system combinations of two or more energy conversion devices. Solar wind hybrid energy system one of the most favored systems for use in remote areas . 6. Objectives To develop a microcontroller based charge controller for application in solar wind hybrid energy conversion system. To study the performance of the battery under charging and discharging conditions. 7. Literature review ResearcherContext: solar and wind hybrid systemsConclusionoptimization and control systemarea is still needed for improving the systems performance Various literatures related to hybrid renewable Found that research and Weienergy systemsthe current status of solar Zhou (2010) Reviewed wind hybrid system by simulation, development effort in this et alNowshad Amin (2009) et alStudied the Charge controller suggested further characteristics during load and no- research required for load conditions improving the battery performance by using smart charge controller. 8. Literature review contd.. ResearcherContext: solar and wind hybrid systemsConclusionC. Jian et al (2011)advantages and disadvantages in off grid systems. Designing, capacity configurations of different parts, classification and features of stored energy systemsIt is very much useful for remote areas where electrifications is not available.D. Delimustac et al. (2011)design of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES).suggested further research for control systems for energy conversion system and battery bank operations. 9. Literature review contd.. ResearcherContext: solar and wind hybrid systemsConclusionP. Nema et al. (2008)Role of power electronics devices for improving efficiency, power quality and reliability. development of deep cycle, lead acid batteriesSuggested research in implementation of hybrid systems in context of conventional electrical energy conservations 10. Materials and Method Systems/ Components considered under this study Solar PV module Wind electricity generator Battery Charge controller DC-DC boost converter 11. System/ component specification System /ComponentSpecificationQty10 Wp, Ritika systemOne72W, Jindesh InternationalOne12V,7Ah, lead acid, maintenance freeOneRE System Solar PV Module Wind electricity generator Storage device Battery Controller/ converter Charge controller PIC micro-controller based DC-DC boost converterMC34063A basedOne One 12. Fig. 1: Designing of PIC micro-controller based solar wind hybrid system 13. The system is studied under various operating conditions based on Availability of Solar and wind energy Level of generation with respect to load In each condition, charging and discharging performance of the battery is investigated 14. Fig.3 DC-DC Boost converter Fig.2 PIC micro-controller based Charge controller 15. Operating Conditions Sl. No.SolarWindLoad ConditionseffectsComments1OnOnGeneration > LoadChargesideal operating mode2OnOnGeneration < LoadDischargegeneration of power is not sufficient to charge the battery3OnOffGeneration> LoadChargesolar energy sufficient to supply theload 4OnOffGeneration LoadChargewind energy sufficient to supply theload 6OffOnGeneration< LoadDischargewind energy not sufficient to supply the load 16. Storage Device Battery An electrochemical device Uses electrochemical reactions to store electricity in the form of chemical energy. Undergoes charging from solar or wind systems Supplies power to the load as per requirement 17. Battery: state of charge Battery capacity Dependent on the temperature. Changed according to the temperature coefficient c 18. Where Cbat : available or practical capacity of the battery when battery temperature is Tbat Cbat : nominal/rated battery capacity given by manufacturer as per standard value c : temperature coefficient of the battery (usually specified by the manufacture, c =0.6%/degree) 19. State of charge at (t+1) time, simply calculated by 20. The current rate of the battery at time t for the solar wind hybrid system is 21. Battery :Floating charge The floating charge of the battery under charging and discharging is modelled by the equation-fit methodWhere Vbat is calibrated battery voltage after the effects of the temperatures The v is temperature coefficient is constant of -4mV/0C per 2V cell 22. Battery : life time From the capacity models [4], the quantity of energy the battery can the battery can restore, according to the average discharge current Where is the accumulator heating in comparison with a 250C ambient temperature 23. The battery voltage can be derived from equation ( 1 6 ) as a function of charge (c), a function of discharge (d) and a function of overcharge (oc) regimes 24. Observations: Solar energy 25. Observations: Solar energy 26. Observations: Wind energy 27. Observations: Wind energy 28. Conclusion It is observed that the charge controller as well as boost converters plays an important role in the hybrid system The battery performance is also improving by this system. The system shows most efficient. 29. References: [1] The energy next fifty years, Organisation for Economic CoOperation and development, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/55/17738498.pdf, 1999. [2] Luna-Rubio R., Trejo-Perea M., Vargas-Vzquez D., Ros-Moreno G. J., Optimal sizing of renewable hybrid energy systems: A review of methodologies; Solar Energy 2012; 86: 1077-1088. [3] International Energy Outlook 2011,U.S. Energy Information administration; September2011. www.eia.gov/ieo/pdf /0484 (2011).pdf. [4] Gergaud O., Robin G., Multon B., Ahmed B.H., Energy Modeling of a lead acid battery within hybrid wind/ Photovoltaic systems, EPE 2003, Page 1-10.