Presentation by Silke Lode and Juliane Menke We and the others – challenges of the European...

Presentation by Silke Lode and Juliane MenkeWe and the others – challenges of the European Neighbourhood Policy

German-French-Polish Autumn Forum25/9/2005 – 30/9/2005

From EMP to ENP – From EMP to ENP –

the relations the relations between between

EU and the EU and the Mediterranean Mediterranean

regionregionThe Mediterranean The Mediterranean region: region:

Israel and Palestine Israel and Palestine

27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke

OutlineOutline

The Barcelona Process and ENP The Barcelona Process and ENP

Relations between the EU and Relations between the EU and IsraelIsrael

Relations between the EU and Relations between the EU and the Palestinian Authoritythe Palestinian Authority


The Barcelona Process IThe Barcelona Process I EMP is general framework for relations between EMP is general framework for relations between

EU and Mediterranean neighboursEU and Mediterranean neighbours Originally 12 partner states: Originally 12 partner states:

Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta,Malta,

Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Palestinian Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Palestinian AuthorityAuthority

- Cyprus and Malta acceded to EU Cyprus and Malta acceded to EU - Turkey and EU will open accession negotiationsTurkey and EU will open accession negotiations- Libya’s full integration into Barcelona process Libya’s full integration into Barcelona process

is under discussionis under discussion


The Barcelona Process IIThe Barcelona Process II

1995: Barcelona Declaration1995: Barcelona Declaration Three baskets: Three baskets:

- Political and security issuesPolitical and security issues- Economic and financial issuesEconomic and financial issues- Social and cultural issuesSocial and cultural issues

EMP includes 39 policy areasEMP includes 39 policy areas


The Barcelona Process The Barcelona Process IIIIII

Bilateral association agreements Bilateral association agreements Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area in 2010in 2010

More attention for the Mediterranean More attention for the Mediterranean countries from MS without traditional countries from MS without traditional links to the Mediterranean links to the Mediterranean

Financial provision: 5,3 bn € (2000-Financial provision: 5,3 bn € (2000-2006)2006)

Complex institutional structureComplex institutional structure


Institutions of the EMPInstitutions of the EMP


The Barcelona Process The Barcelona Process IVIV

Shortcomings: Shortcomings:

- Relative complexity - Relative complexity

- Limited visibility - Limited visibility

- - Asymmetric partnershipAsymmetric partnership


The Barcelona Process VThe Barcelona Process V

Challenges for the Euro-Challenges for the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership: Mediterranean Partnership: - EU enlargement in 2004 and EU enlargement in 2004 and

further accessions further accessions - Instable situation in the Middle Instable situation in the Middle

East (Israelian-Palestinian East (Israelian-Palestinian Conflict, Iraqi war) Conflict, Iraqi war)


From EMP to ENP: From EMP to ENP: Added value or just a new Added value or just a new

name?name? ENP abandons the principle of ENP abandons the principle of

regionality and replaces it with regionality and replaces it with differentiated bilateralismdifferentiated bilateralism

ENP is based on ENP is based on positive positive conditionalityconditionality

ENP is framed in terms of ENP is framed in terms of interests interests


Conclusions Conclusions ENP complements the Barcelona ENP complements the Barcelona

ProcessProcess ENP gives bilateral incentives ENP gives bilateral incentives Differentiated rather than Differentiated rather than

multilateralmultilateral Barcelona envisages trade Barcelona envisages trade

integration, focusing on tariff integration, focusing on tariff issues, ENP offers economic issues, ENP offers economic integration, inclusion in networks integration, inclusion in networks etc.etc.

Changing principlesChanging principles


Israel, Westbank and Israel, Westbank and GazaGaza


WestbankWestbank


Separation WallSeparation Wall


Basic factsBasic facts

Israel:Israel:- Population: 6.5 mio. Population: 6.5 mio. - GDP (p.c.): 13 600 GDP (p.c.): 13 600

€€- GDP (growth): 4.3% GDP (growth): 4.3% - Unemployment: Unemployment:

9.1%9.1%

Westbank and Westbank and Gaza:Gaza:- Population: 3.2 mio. Population: 3.2 mio.

(est.)(est.)- GDP (p.c.): < 1000 GDP (p.c.): < 1000

US $US $- GDP (growth): - GDP (growth): -

25%25%- Unemployment: Unemployment:

>30%>30%


EU - IsraelEU - Israel EU is most important economic partner to EU is most important economic partner to

IsraelIsrael 1964: first trade agreement1964: first trade agreement 1975: co-operation agreement 1975: co-operation agreement 1994: Essen Declaration 1994: Essen Declaration 1995: Barcelona Declaration, Association 1995: Barcelona Declaration, Association

Agreement signed Agreement signed 1996: start of Israeli integration into EC´s FRP 1996: start of Israeli integration into EC´s FRP 2000: Association Agreement enters into force2000: Association Agreement enters into force 2004: Galileo, Action Plan2004: Galileo, Action Plan


Israel – Association Israel – Association Agreement Agreement

FTA for industrial products, concessions FTA for industrial products, concessions for trade in agricultural productsfor trade in agricultural products

Political dialogue, respect for human Political dialogue, respect for human rights, democracyrights, democracy

Two new bodiesTwo new bodies

- EU- Israel Association Council- EU- Israel Association Council

- EU- Israel Association Committee - EU- Israel Association Committee MEDA involvement in regional MEDA involvement in regional

programmes programmes


Israel – Action PlanIsrael – Action Plan

„„Allows for the possibility for Israel to Allows for the possibility for Israel to participate progresssively in key aspects participate progresssively in key aspects of EU policies and programmes“ (DG of EU policies and programmes“ (DG Relex)Relex)

Adoption of parts of the Acquis Adoption of parts of the Acquis communitaire to opening the EU internal communitaire to opening the EU internal market to Israelmarket to Israel

Other areas: Middle East conflict, Other areas: Middle East conflict, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation of counter-terrorism, non-proliferation of WMD, human rights etc. WMD, human rights etc.


EU – Palestinian EU – Palestinian AuthorityAuthority

EU is most important donor to the PAEU is most important donor to the PA 1971: first EU assisstance in the form of 1971: first EU assisstance in the form of

financial contribution to UNRWAfinancial contribution to UNRWA 1980: Venice Declaration 1980: Venice Declaration since 1986since 1986: preferential access for : preferential access for

products from occupied territories products from occupied territories 1993: signature Oslo accords 1993: signature Oslo accords 1995: Barcelona Declaration1995: Barcelona Declaration 1997: interim Association Agreement on 1997: interim Association Agreement on

trade and co-operation trade and co-operation 2004: Action Plan2004: Action Plan


EU – Financial supportEU – Financial support Financial assisstance programme of EU Financial assisstance programme of EU

COM COM Programming of financial aid on annual basis Programming of financial aid on annual basis Strong conditionalityStrong conditionality 1994 – 2002: 1994 – 2002:

- ca. 1 bn. € in grants and loans ca. 1 bn. € in grants and loans - 500 mio. € to UNRWA 500 mio. € to UNRWA - ca. 2.5 bn. € in bilateral aidca. 2.5 bn. € in bilateral aid

Since 2002: Reform Support Instrument Since 2002: Reform Support Instrument 2005: 280 mio. €2005: 280 mio. €


PA – Action PlanPA – Action Plan

Perspective: „Move beyond co-Perspective: „Move beyond co-operation toward integration“ (DG operation toward integration“ (DG Relex)Relex)

Time frame: 3-5 yearsTime frame: 3-5 years Priorities: many based on the Priorities: many based on the

ongoing reform processes (June ongoing reform processes (June 2002)2002)


EU and Israeli-Palestinian EU and Israeli-Palestinian ConflictConflict

1980: Venice Declaration 1980: Venice Declaration 1995: EMP initiated, facilitates regional 1995: EMP initiated, facilitates regional

dialogue. dialogue. 1996: Miguel Moratinos is appointed the first 1996: Miguel Moratinos is appointed the first

EU Special Representative for the Middle East EU Special Representative for the Middle East Peace ProcessPeace Process

1999: Berlin Declaration: the EU calls for the 1999: Berlin Declaration: the EU calls for the creation of a Palestinian Statecreation of a Palestinian State

2002: Seville Declaration: explicit statement on 2002: Seville Declaration: explicit statement on EU’s vision how to find a solution to the conflictEU’s vision how to find a solution to the conflict

2003: Marc Otte becomes successor of Miguel 2003: Marc Otte becomes successor of Miguel Moratinos; Roadmap is publishedMoratinos; Roadmap is published

Financial Support: MEDA-initiative “Middle East Financial Support: MEDA-initiative “Middle East Peace Projects”: 88 Mio Euro since 1995; 10 Mio Peace Projects”: 88 Mio Euro since 1995; 10 Mio Euro for other initiatives.Euro for other initiatives.


DiscussionDiscussion

Different approach necessary for the Different approach necessary for the Mediterranean countries because the have Mediterranean countries because the have no accession perspective (Art. 49 EC Treaty)?no accession perspective (Art. 49 EC Treaty)?

How can further enlargement rounds effect How can further enlargement rounds effect the Barcelona Process? How would especially the Barcelona Process? How would especially the accession of Turkey change the ENP? the accession of Turkey change the ENP?

The ENP aims at „supplementing“ the EMP – The ENP aims at „supplementing“ the EMP – to what extent can these two policies to what extent can these two policies coexistcoexist? ?

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