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Nanotechnology An Introduction
Transcript of Presentation by Dr. Robert McMahan › documentsites › committees › HST...Biotechnology and...
NanotechnologyAn Introduction
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Nanotechnology
• A new interdisciplinary field of science• The study of systems at the nanoscale• The use of tools at the nanoscale• Building and applying structures that are
constructed atom by atom
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What is it?Simply: • The ability to do things – measure, see,
predict and make – on the scale of atoms and molecules.
• The length scale of nanotechnology is the nanometer.– 1 nanometer = 10-9 meters is 1/100, 000 width of a
human hair
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Understanding Size
How big (small) are we talking about?
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Understanding Size
• 1 meter
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
• 10 centimeters
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
1 centimeter
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
100Micrometers(µm)
1 mmsource: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
100 micrometers(µm)
0.1mm
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
10 micrometer(µm)
0.01 mm
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
1000 Nanometers
10 micrometer(µm)
0.001 mm
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
100nanometers
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
10 nanometers
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
1 nanometer
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Size Matters
Physical processes do not scale uniformly– Gravity– Friction– Combustion– Electrostatic– Van der walls– Brownian– Quantum
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Richard P. Feynman
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A Nanotechnology Can Exist There’s Plenty of Room at the BottomDecember 29th 1959
– Manipulating and controlling things on a small scale– Write the Encyclopedia Brittanica on the head of a pin
• How do we write small?• Information on a small scale• Better electron microscopes
– The marvelous biological system– Miniaturizing the computer– Miniaturization by evaporation– Problems of lubrication– A hundred tiny hands– Rearranging the atoms– Atoms in a small world
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Fullerenes – 1985 (1996)
Robert F. Curl Jr. Richard E. Smalley
Sir Harold W. Kroto
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IBM - 1985
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Nanotechnology
• Has a long history• Has a solid theoretical basis• Has been looked at seriously for nearly
30 years
• So, what is it?
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Nanotechnology Is Not a Single Industry
Consumers will choose among products and services enhanced by nanotechnology from virtually all current industries.
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Current Products on the Market
Ceramics Paints and CoatingsCatalystsUV protectant
cosmetics Automotive
componentMaterials for defense
applications
Optical components Anti-microbials“Self-cleaning” window
glassClay fillersOptical films for pc
screensTextiles
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Currently Marketed Value-Added Products
• Wrinkle- and stain-resistant fabrics courtesy of Nano-Tex, now found at Eddie Bauer, The Gap, and Old Navy
• Ski jackets from German Franz Ziener GmbH using Nano-Tex enhancements to make them windproof, waterproof, breathable, and grime-resistant
• Babolat tennis rackets lightened and strengthened with Nanoledge nanotubes, and Wilson Double Core tennis balls containing InMat nanomaterials to lock in air
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Currently Marketed Value-Added Products
• Nanostructured ceramic coatings from Inframatthat add durability and toughness to Navy ship hulls
• Antimicrobal bandages from NuCryst using nanocrystalline silver to kill microbes; more than 100 of the 120 major burn treatment centers in North America use these bandages to treat life threatening burns
• Duravit sinks and toilets with an easy-clean nanocoating from Nanogate
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NC Products that will be dramatically effected
• Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals • Textiles and Plastics• Paints and Coatings
… among others
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Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals
• Highly focused, noninvasivetechnologies for medical imaging
• Nanodevices for targeted medical detection and delivery
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Textiles and Plastics
• Membrane and filtering technologies for chemical separation
• Fiber and film technologies for enhanced durability
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Paints and Coatings
• Light and temperature activated pigments
• Anti-microbial, Anticorrosion, and Anti-stain agents
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Oops.
• Oops.
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