Presentation at 3rd YWP IWA Conference 2013 in Luxembourg
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1 Application of Urban Harvest Approach on water and resource cycles How to quantify the impact of water saving measures and innovative water technologies and concepts? I. Leusbrock*, C.M. Agudelo**, K.J. Keesman***, G. Zeeman*, H.H.M. Rijnaarts* *Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected] **KWR-Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands ***Biomass Refinery and Process Dynamics Group, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen,
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This was my presentation I gave in Luxembourg 2013 for the Young Water Professionals Conference (YWP) for Benelux, hosted in Luxembourg. It was a really interesting conference, lots of young people with great ideas and willing to share their enthusiasm on their topics (especially during the social activities ;-) )
Transcript of Presentation at 3rd YWP IWA Conference 2013 in Luxembourg
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Application of Urban Harvest Approach on water and resource cycles
How to quantify the impact of water saving measures and innovative water technologies and concepts?
I. Leusbrock*, C.M. Agudelo**, K.J. Keesman***, G. Zeeman*, H.H.M. Rijnaarts*
*Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected]**KWR-Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands***Biomass Refinery and Process Dynamics Group, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Content
Motivation
What is Urban Harvest?
●Steps
●Indicators
●Demand patterns
Results of UHA on block scale and city scale
What can you do with the results?
What are our next steps?
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Motivation and steps
We develop technologies and concepts around them and would like to apply them
We want to improve our water cycles and make them “better”
●Resource scarcity, population growth etc.
Yet we do not have the tools to quantify and evaluate technologies, improvement options and their impact on water cycles
So, we had to develop something new
●“Urban Harvest”
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What is Urban Harvest?
A framework to organize your ideas to improve water cycles
A tool to quantify and compare your different ideas for water cycles
A tool to quantify urban water flows in high temporal and spatial resolution
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The starting point of UHA: Baseline
External Input
ConsumptionExport of waste
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Step I: Demand Minimization
External Input
ConsumptionExport of waste
Demand Minimization Index (DMI) =
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Step II: Output minimization
External Input
Consumption
Cascading and reuse
Recycle and storage
Export of waste
Waste Output Index (WOI)
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Step III: Multisourcing
External Input
Multisource(e.g. rain)
Consumption
Cascading and reuse
Recycle and storage
Export of waste
Export of secondary resources (e.g. nutrients)
Self-Sufficiency Index (SSI)
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The three steps of the Urban Harvest Approach (UHA)
I. minimizing water demand
● water saving measures
II. maximizing water re-use and minimizing outputs
● cascading and recycling of used water streams
III.multi-sourcing of alternative water sources
● Rain
● Brackish and salt water, atmospheric water
Baseline assessment as starting point
Agudelo, C. M.; Mels, A. R.; Keesman, K. J.; Rijnaarts, H. H. M., The urban harvest approach as an aid for sustainable urban resource planning. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2012, 16, (6), 839-850.
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Baseline assessment
All inputs and outputs quantified
●Consumption, infiltration, external input, run-off, evapotranspiration, precipitation
●qualities next to quantities
All streams in a high temporal resolution from minutely upwards
●diurnal and seasonal patterns
●Water consumption of households is calculated by SIMDEUM1
1 Blokker, E.; Vreeburg, J.; van Dijk, J., Simulating residential water demand with a stochastic end-use model. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 2009, 136, (1), 19-26.
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Water cycle at building / household scale
Building unit (bu)
Household (hh) Subsystem (ss)
Daily consumption pattern
Building type
Occupancy
Number of households
Water appliances
Garden
Roof: type and area
Climate RainfallOther local
sources
Temporal variations
Socio-economic parameters
2) Recycling
3) Multisourcing
1) Minimizing
Treatment and storage capacity
Yield/overflow
0 6 12 18 24
Dem
and
Time
0 6 12 18 24
Dem
and
Time
Urban Harvest strategies Variables studied in this research
Variables not studied in this research
Relationships not studied in this research
Different spatial scales
Building unit Household SubsystemNote: If there is one household per building unit, bu=hh, also note that subsystem can be at household level or at building unit
Agudelo, C. M., Dynamic water resource management for achieving self-sufficiency of cities of tomorrow. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 2012.
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Water cycle at block scale
Block level
Building units
Building type
Occupancy
Number of households
Water appliances
Roof: Type and area
1) Minimizing
Urban Harvest strategiesUrban Harvest strategies
Variables studied in this researchVariables studied in this research
Variables not studied in this researchVariables not studied in this research
Relationships not studied in this researchRelationships not studied in this research
Treatment and storage capacity
Yield/overflow
3) Multisourcing
2) Recycling
Impermeable areas
Permeable areas
Daily consumption
pattern
ClimatePrecipitationPotential ET
Runoff
sewer
Irrigation
Infiltration Actual ET
ConsumptionConsumption
Domestic wastewater
Storm wastewater
Waste outputWaste output
External input
Agudelo, C. M., Dynamic water resource management for achieving self-sufficiency of cities of tomorrow. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 2012.
ET = Evapotranspiration
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Urban Metabolic Profile
Systems with
reduced waste
output
Demand / DMI
Waste / unused resource exported / WOI
Water harvested on-site / SSI
Initial demand
Self-s
ufficient s
ystemExportin
gsystem
Demand afterminimization
Linear system, no reuse
• DMI =
• WOI
• SSI
Agudelo, C. M.; Mels, A. R.; Keesman, K. J.; Rijnaarts, H. H. M., The urban harvest approach as an aid for sustainable urban resource planning. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2012, 16, (6), 839-850.
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Scenario study with UHA
Scenarios Action
Demand minimization step (included in all scenarios)
shower, toilet and laundry water
Scenario 1 recycling of light grey water from shower and sinks
Scenario 2 rainwater harvesting
Scenario 3 Scenario 1 + Scenario 2
Scenario 4 Scenario 3 + green roofs as additional storage step and run-off reduction
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Urban Metabolic Profile for scenarios (I)
01
3
2
4
0
1
4
2
3
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 500
-We
(m³/y
)
Rh
(m³/y
)
D(m³/y)
0
1 3
2
4
0
14
23
-2100
-1400
-700
0
700
1400
2100
0 700 1400 2100
-We
(m³ /
y)
Rh
(m³/y
)
D(m³/y)
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline Baseline
Arrows indicate the direction of increasing system efficiency
a) Low-density block b) High-density block
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline Baseline
Arrows indicate the direction of increasing system efficiency
a) Low-density block b) High-density block
Systems with
reduced waste
output
Demand / DMI
Waste / unused resource exported / WOI
Water harvested on-site / SSI
Initial demand
Self-s
ufficient s
ystemExportin
gsystem
Demand afterminimization
Linear system, no reuse
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Urban Metabolic Profile for scenarios (II)
01
3
2
4
0
1
4
2
3
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 500
-We
(m³/y
)
Rh
(m³/y
)
D(m³/y)
0
1 3
2
4
0
14
23
-2100
-1400
-700
0
700
1400
2100
0 700 1400 2100
-We
(m³ /
y)
Rh
(m³/y
)
D(m³/y)
Baseline
Baseline
Baseline Baseline
Arrows indicate the direction of increasing system efficiency
a) Low-density block b) High-density block
Agudelo, C. M., Dynamic water resource management for achieving self-sufficiency of cities of tomorrow. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 2012.
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Evaluation of the water cycle on city scale:Baseline
Agudelo, C. M., Dynamic water resource management for achieving self-sufficiency of cities of tomorrow. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 2012.
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Evaluation of the water cycle on city scale:after water saving measures
Agudelo, C. M., Dynamic water resource management for achieving self-sufficiency of cities of tomorrow. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 2012.
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Where and how to use UHA?
Decision-support tool for technology, infrastructure and management choices
In-depth analysis of water cycles
Possible fields of application
●Water scarcity prevention and self-sufficiency concepts
●Infrastructure and Planning
●Integration of technologies on different scales
●Decentralized or centralized?
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Future challenges
Energy and material (e.g., chemicals) demand of applied measures
Extension to other climates and other settings
Inclusion of nutrients, heat recovery, energy production
●Heat recovery from sewage
●New Sanitation
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Conclusions
Urban Harvest Approach can be used for quantification of water saving measures and recycle und reuse options
●Indicator set and Urban Metabolic Profile
●Decision support
Dynamic modelling of water cycles in high temporal resolution possible and leads to more insights
Further extensions of the UHA are still necessary
●nutrients and energy demand
●economics
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Urban Harvest
• Demand Minimization
• Output minimization
• Multisourcing
• Dynamic Modelling
e-mail: [email protected]
Twitter: @leusbrocki
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/IngoLeusbrock
