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Technical Textiles are value-added textile products that provide added functionality and applications other than regular fiber-to-fashion supply chain products.
These technical textiles encompass high performance fibers, yarns, woven, knitted, nonwoven, braided and composite structures.
What are Technical Textiles ?
Are Nonwovens Technical Textiles?
• Most of the nonwovens are technical textiles as they have not yet penetrated into the apparel sector.
• Nonwovens are predominantly disposable and semi durable goods.
• All nonwovens are technical textiles but all technical textiles are not nonwovens
What are Nonwovens?
• As the name indicates nonwovens are not woven fabrics.• Cost effective process as it skips intermediary processes
such as spinning, weave preparation and weaving.
Fiber Fabricwithout weaving
• High speed and productivity compared to conventional/woven processes.
General Definition of Nonwoven Fabrics
Nonwoven fabrics are flat structures mainly defined as sheets or webs made by bonding and entangling fibers or filaments by mechanical, thermal or chemical means.
Major Nonwoven Technologies
• Needlepunching
• Thermalbonding
• Airlaid
• Spunbonding
• Meltblowing
• Spunlacing/hydroentanglement
Nonwoven Technologies
Spunbond – SyntheticMeltblown – SyntheticNeedlepunching – Versatile (natural and
synthetic)Hydroentangling – Versatile (natural and
synthetic)
Typical Applications of Nonwovens
• Technical applications• Hospital fabrics• Surgical gowns• Face masks• Geo textiles• Consumer and industrial wipes• Upholstery paddings• Military decontamination wipes• Inner liners of protective fabrics• Automotive headliners• Automotive trunkliners• Acoustic and thermal insulation
materials
Technology and End-use Applications
• Spunbonding – surgical gowns, diaper cover stocks
• Meltbowning – barriers, filters and face masks
• Needlepunching – Geotextiles, automotive fabrics
• Thermalbonding – upholstering, cussion pads
• Hydroentangling – wipes
Nonwoven Line
Hopper Feeder
Double Cylinder Card
Cross Lapper
H1 Needle Loom
Opening – fine beating and tuft reduction
Web forming – removal of tufts; parallel orientation
Web formation - high loft, layered webs
Web consolidation – Interlocking of fibers
Major Machinery Makers
Spunbond/Meltblow – Reifenhauser, Germany
Hydroentangling – Fleissner, Germany. Reiter Perfoject, Switzerland
Needlepunching – Dilo, Germany Saurer, Switzerland.
Fehrer nonwoven operations have been acquired recently by Saurer group
NSC (Asselin + Thibeu), France
Worldwide Production By Region (millions of tonnes)
2.69
5.75
8.41 R. Of WorldMid. EastSouth America
Asia Pacific
Europe - 27
NAFTA
0.9
0.8
0.80.1
1.2
1.3
1.2
0.2
1.5
1.7
2.0
0.3
1.8
2.3
3.2
0.4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1997 2002 2007 2012
Source: INDA Estimates, Ian Butler, INTC-2008
Nonwoven Growth By Region(%, based upon tonnes)
0 5 10 15 20
Other Asia Pacific
Mid East
Japan
Europe (27)
NAFTA
China
World
2007-2012
1997-2007
Source: INDA Estimates, Ian Butler, INTC-2008
Nonwoven Consumption Per Capita(kilograms)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Taiwan
Korea
NAFTA
Europe -27
Australia
Japan
Malaysia
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Mexico
China
South America
Brazil
S. Africa
Russia
India
Developed Markets
Early Development Markets
Emerging Markets
High export volumes
Source: INDA Estimates, Ian Butler, INTC-2008
Nonwoven Consumption Rises as GDP Per Capita Increases *
Source: INDA Estimates, Ian Butler, INTC-2008
* PPP in US$ equivalents
Kg/Capita
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
$0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000
Czech Rep.
Korea
Brazil
Turkey
Europe
Japan
NAFTA
Taiwan
India now
China now
India, 2012
Trend line
What are Agrotextiles ?
Agricultural Textiles are used for Increasing yield, quality and safeguarding agricultural products.
Agrotextiles are basically technical textiles that have specialty applications in agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, animal husbandry & forestry.
Agricultural Textiles find applications right from sowing to harvesting.
They offer new insight on solving the problems faced by agricultural industry.
Various technical textiles such as woven, nonwoven, knitted, nets and coated textiles are used as agrotextiles.
Applications of Agrotextiles
• Sunscreening (shade cloth)• Frost Covering• Harvesting• Wind protection• Landscape covering• Bird protection• Insect protection• Turf protection• Irrigation• Drainage• Aquaculture• Insulation• Horticulture• Animal Husbandary
Agro Shade Cloths
• Shade cloth/Shade Netting
These are sunscreens and provide necessary protection to the plants against:
• Excessive heat,• Burning of the crops due to
direct sunshine and• UV damage. Source: www.karatzis.gr/products/agricultural/04s.jpg
Examples:
Knitted or woven polyethylene fabrics.
Should not rot or become brittle & should avoid mildew formation
Range of shade percentages are:
25%, 35%, 50%, 75% and 90%
Frost Covering
• Adverse Effects of Frost
Frost can kill the seeds and adversely affect the ariel portion of the plant. Frost makes the plant loose its moisture and dry out.
• Frost Covering
Minimizes moisture and heat loss.Keeps the plant warm and healthy.
Nonwoven fabrics are preferred for Frost Covers:
Lightweight, breathable and those which dry quickly are used. These fabrics should provide open spaces for crop treatments.
Source: http://www.anti-frost.com/
Source: http://www.anti-frost.com/
Examples:Nonwoven spunbonded mesh fabric and nonwoven UV resistant polypropylene fleece.
Harvesting Aides
• Harvesting nets are used to collect the fruits falling from a tree.
• This helps to keep the
cost of cultivation low by eliminating additional labor associated with harvesting.
• Harvesting nets are predominantly grip structures which can be developed using warp knitting technology.
Source: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3169/2638810726_a4ceefdcc6.jpg?v=0
Source: http://lh3.ggpht.com
Windshields
• Windshields are used to protect the crops from high velocity wind damage.
• These can also be used to control the temperature by hindering cooling due to the wind.
• These are installed perpendicular to the direction of the wind to reduce the wind speed.
These Prevent:
Breaking of branches,Early falling of the fruits andDamage to the leaves and flowers.
Source: http://www.karatzis.gr
Source: http://www.arrigoni.it
Examples:Woven and knitted UV stabilized windshields using high density polyethylene monofilaments.
Landscape Covers
• These are used for weed control and prevent penetration of thin roots of weeds.
• In addition they also maintain optimal soil temperatures for rapid plant growth.
Source: http://www.terramdirect.com
Examples:Biodegradable needlepunched nonwovens and coated fabrics