CHEMICAL BONDCHEMICAL BONDFor senior high school grade X smt iFor senior high school grade X smt i

By:Sasmiyati

• Do you know about oxigen (ODo you know about oxigen (O22), water (H), water (H22O), and O), and carbon dioxide (COcarbon dioxide (CO22), and formalin (HCHO) ?), and formalin (HCHO) ?

• Can you imagine how the molecules can be Can you imagine how the molecules can be form ?form ?

• The molecules are formed of the combination of The molecules are formed of the combination of the different atoms.the different atoms.

• The combination called The combination called CHEMICAL BONDCHEMICAL BOND..

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

• Is the mechanism that describe the combination of a Is the mechanism that describe the combination of a kind elements atoms and also the different in kind.kind elements atoms and also the different in kind.

• In this chapter you will study about: In this chapter you will study about: Stability of ElementsStability of ElementsLewis structureLewis structureIonic and covalent bondIonic and covalent bondCoordination covalent bondCoordination covalent bondPolar and non polar covalent compoundPolar and non polar covalent compoundMetallic bond Metallic bond

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

1.1. STABILITY OF ELEMENTSSTABILITY OF ELEMENTS

• According to Gilbert Newton Lewis According to Gilbert Newton Lewis and Irving Langmuir and also and Irving Langmuir and also Albrecht Kossel, stability of noble Albrecht Kossel, stability of noble gas elements caused by the noble gas elements caused by the noble gas atom have the unique electron gas atom have the unique electron configuration. configuration.

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

22He: He: 22

1010Ne: 2 Ne: 2 88

1818Ar: 2 8 Ar: 2 8 88

3636Kr: 2 8 18 Kr: 2 8 18 88

5454Xe: 2 8 18 18 Xe: 2 8 18 18 88

8686Rn: 2 8 18 32 18Rn: 2 8 18 32 18 88

• Generally the electron configuration of noble gas Generally the electron configuration of noble gas elements have 8 valence electrons (octet elements have 8 valence electrons (octet configuration), except helium elements having 2 configuration), except helium elements having 2 valence electrons (duplet configuration).valence electrons (duplet configuration).

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

AtomAtom Atomic Atomic Electron Electron conf.conf.

ReleasinReleasing/ g/ attractinattracting g electronselectrons

Ion Ion Ionic Ionic electron electron conf.conf.

Relevan Relevan noble noble gasgas

1313 Al Al 2 8 2 8 33 33 Al Al 3+3+ 2 82 8 10 10 NeNe

2020 Ca Ca 2 8 8 2 8 8 22 22 Ca Ca 2+2+ 2 8 82 8 8 1818 Ar Ar

99 F F 2 2 77 11 F F -- 2 8 2 8 1010 Ne Ne

1616SS 2 8 2 8 66 22 S S 2-2- 2 8 82 8 8 18 18 ArAr

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds22. LEWIS STRUCTURE. LEWIS STRUCTURE

• Lewis symbol made by writing down symbol of Lewis symbol made by writing down symbol of the atom and encircled by dots or lines the atom and encircled by dots or lines expressing the number of valence electron of expressing the number of valence electron of

the atomthe atom..

GASGAS

MULIAMULIAVIIAVIIAVIAVIAVAVAIVAIVAIIIAIIIAIIAIIAIAIA

H

Li

Na

K

Be

Mg

Ca

B

Al Si

C N

P

Ne

Ar

Cl

FO

S

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds33. . IONIC AND COVALENT BONDIONIC AND COVALENT BOND

IONIC BONDIONIC BOND

• Ionic bond or electrovalent that is a Ionic bond or electrovalent that is a chemical bond that is created during the chemical bond that is created during the formation of a compound by transfer of formation of a compound by transfer of one or more electron from one atom to one or more electron from one atom to another resulting oppositely charged ions another resulting oppositely charged ions being held together by attractionbeing held together by attraction..

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

• The mechanism of ionic bond in NaClThe mechanism of ionic bond in NaCl

1111Na: 2 8 1 Na: 2 8 1 release 1 electron release 1 electron Na Na++

1717 Cl: 2 8 7 Cl: 2 8 7 catch 1 electron catch 1 electron Cl Cl--

Chemical BondsChemical BondsLewis structure of NaClLewis structure of NaCl

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

QuizQuiz1. Explain how the following atoms to form the 1. Explain how the following atoms to form the

electron configuration of noble gases!electron configuration of noble gases!

1111Na, Na, 33Li, Li, 1616S, S, 1919K, and K, and 99FF

2. Write a Lewis symbol for the following elements!2. Write a Lewis symbol for the following elements!3737Rb, Rb, 3636Kr, Kr, 3333As, As, 1616S, S, 1212MgMg

3. Why the elements in the nature tend to form 3. Why the elements in the nature tend to form octet structure?octet structure?

4. Write the Lewis structure of LiF!4. Write the Lewis structure of LiF!