PresentacióN Renovada Pimentel.20
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Transcript of PresentacióN Renovada Pimentel.20
Taxonomy and Phylogeography of
complex species groups. The case of the
Manuel Pimentel Pereira, PhD
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complex species groups. The case of the
European sweet vernal grasses
(Anthoxanthum L., Poaceae, Pooideae)
Manuel Pimentel Pereira, PhD
� Research experience:
- Numerical Taxonomy
(Multivariate analysis)
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- Molecular Taxonomy
(RAPDs)
Manuel Pimentel Pereira, PhD
� Research experience:
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-Ecological study of Galician peatlands
-Vegetation inventory
-Collaboration in fieldwork
-Evaluation of the observed anthropic impacts
-Ecological study of some Galician
populations of Coenagrion
mercuriale. Valoration of anthropic impacts
Taxonomy and Phylogeography of
complex species groups. The case of the
Manuel Pimentel Pereira, PhD
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complex species groups. The case of the
European sweet vernal grasses
(Anthoxanthum L., Poaceae, Pooideae)
• Inflorescence a spiciform panicle
• Many laterally-compressed spikelets
• Glumes unequal, membranous, carinate and
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction
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• Glumes unequal, membranous, carinate and
mucronate
• Three flowers. The upper one fertile, the
lower ones reduced to aristate lemmae
• Bi-staminate fertile flower. Without lodicles
Drawing: D. Romero
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction
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160W 140W 120W 100W 80W 60W 40W 20W 0 20E 40E 60E 80E 100E 120E 140E 160E
Native distribution of genus L. . Anthoxanthum s. str
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Native distribution of genus L. . Anthoxanthum s. str
Invaded range of Genus L. . . Anthoxanthum s str
• Seven Anthoxanthum species are part of the European and
Macaronesian Flora:
• Anthoxanthum amarum Brot.
• Anthoxanthum maderense Teppner
•Anthoxanthum odoratum L. s. lat. complex
� Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction
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� Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
� Anthoxanthum alpinum Löve & Löve
• Anthoxanthum gracile Bivona
•Anthoxanthum aristatum/Anthoxanthum ovatum complex
� Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss.
� Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag.
� Genus Anthoxanthum presents a high Taxonomic and Phylogeographic
interest:
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction
1.- Unclear phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships with close genera
2.- The taxonomical status of some of the European species has been
widely discussed and is still to be established. The great variety of
ploidy levels that can be found throughout the genus adds complexity
to the matter
A. alpinumA. odoratum
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to the matter
A. alpinum A. odoratum
� Genus Anthoxanthum presents a high Taxonomic and Phylogeographic
interest:
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction
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A. ovatumA. aristatum
� Genus Anthoxanthum presents a high Taxonomic and Phylogeographic
interest:
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction
1.- Unclear phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships with close genera
2.- The taxonomical status of some of the European species has been
widely discussed and is still to be established. The great variety of
ploidy levels that can be found throughout the genus adds complexity
to the matter
A. gracileA. amarum
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to the matter
3.- Given the distribution of some of these species, genus Anthoxanthum
presents a high phylogeographical interest
A. maderense
� Genus Anthoxanthum presents a high Taxonomic and Phylogeographic
interest:
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction
The A. aristatum/A. ovatum complex
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� Genus Anthoxanthum presents a high Taxonomic and Phylogeographic
interest:
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction
The A. odoratum s. lat. complex
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1. To clarify, through morphological, anatomical and molecular methods, the
taxonomy of the European sweet vernal grasses. A special effort was made on
the A. odoratum/A. alpinum and the A. aristatum/A. ovatum complexes
2. To calibrate the usefulness and reliability of the traditionally used traits in the
differentiation of the European species of Genus Anthoxanthum L. Also, to
analyse the possible taxonomic consequences of ploidy differences among taxa
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Research aims
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3. To analyse the influence of the environmental factors on the morphological
variation observed on some of the studied populations
4. To elaborate a taxonomic proposal for the European species of Anthoxanthum.
5. To unravel the evolutionary differentiation and the phylogeographic patterns of
some populations of the European sweet vernal grasses
The European sweet vernal
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The European sweet vernal
grasses. A morphometric study
• Can we unambiguously characterize the Anthoxanthum species using
macromorphology and leaf anatomy?
•1787 plants from 60 European populations were
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Morphometric study. Methodology
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•1787 plants from 60 European populations were
used
• Macromorphology: 1567 plants
• Leaf anatomy: 220 plants
• A. nivale K. Schum. and A. aethiopicum I.
Hedberg
30 macromorphological characters 29 anatomical characters
17 qualitative traits
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Morphometric study. Methodology
7 quantitative traits 22 qualitative traits
13 quantitative traits
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7 quantitative traits 22 qualitative traits
� Cluster analysis
� Gower coefficient for mixed data
� Principal coordinates analysis
� Information radius. Cluster analysis
� Contingency tables. Lambda coefficient
30 macromorphological characters
17 qualitative traits
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Morphometric study. Methodology
13 quantitative traits
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� Exploratory analysis
� Principal components analysis
� Multivariate analysis of variance
� Classification discriminant analysis
� Principal coordinates analysis
� Contingency tables. Lambda coefficient
� Cluster analysis
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Morphometric study. Results
1. Inflorescence lenght
2. Leaf length
3. Leaf width
A. amarum is partially characterized by
• Only the Mediterranean diploid A. gracile
and the high Iberian polyploid A. amarum
can be easily distinguished based on
morphological characters
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1. Awn length
2. Sterile floret length
3. Sterile floret width
A. gracile is clearly characterized by floral
traits
A. amarum is partially characterized by
vegetative traits
• Principal components analysis performed with macromorphological quantitative data. The two first
axis accounted for 35.4% of the variance
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Morphometric study. Results
The differentiation between annuals and
perennials is much clearer when we
consider the whole macromorphological
dataset
The MANOVA analysis indicated that
inflorescence and leaf length were
important to differentiate between
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Morphological variation in A. odoratum
is, to some extent, geographically
structured. Pubescence characters are the
basis of such structure
•Cluster analysis performed with qualitative macro-morphological data. IP, Iberian
Peninsula; SS, South of Scandinavia
•Principal coordinates analysis performed with macro-morphological data (Gower coefficient)
important to differentiate between
annuals and perennials
A. alpinum (4.1%)A. odoratum
others (3.9%)
others (7.4%)A. maderense
Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Morphometric study. Results
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A. odoratum (92%)
A clear differentiation between A. odoratum and A. alpinum was detected
A. maderense characterization is not possible based on the selected characters
A. odoratum (26.6%)A. maderense (66%)
•Classification discriminant analysis performed with macromorphological quantitative data