• Theme 2

• Names of students:

• Velazquez Rios Daniel

• Cornejo Garcia Dilan

• Grade & Group: 5º “B”

• Teacher: Federico Rodriguez Pujol

• Subject: Ensamblar y Configurar Equipo de Computo

The motherboard

The motherboard is the most important component of a computer. This is the device that functions as a platform or a computer's main circuit, integrates and coordinates all its other elements. It is also known as motherboard, center plate, motherboard, motherboard or Board (English motherboard, mainboard).The motherboard is a board that contains all the connectors needed to connect other computer cards. A motherboard contains the connectors of the processor, RAM, BIOS, doors in series, parallel gates, expanded memory, display, keyboard, hard drive, plugs. Once the motherboard is equipped with the elements that have been mentioned, it is called "Chipset" or set of processors.The motherboard should perform basically the following:   • Physical Connection.   • Management, control and distribution of electricity.   • Data communication.   • Timing.   • Sync.   • Control and monitoring.For the board to fulfill its mandate, has installed a very basic software called BIOS.

Types of motherboard

There AT (advanced technology) and ATX (Advanced Technology Extended), the Baby-AT is a variant of the AT.The AT dates from 1984, used by IBM and its clones.The Baby-AT was introduced by IBM in 1985 (smaller and cheaper than the AT).And that completely replaced the ATX to AT in 1997.

There for AMD or Intel.

They have a Northbridge and Southbridge, the former brought a chip called Super I / O, has a chip called the BIOS, memory slots, microprocessor socket, expansion slots (can be ISA, VESA Local Bus, PCI, AGP, PCIexpress) connectors for units, a power connector, jumpers

• Where is the RAM?

• RAM is a random access memory, is loaded with your computer processes for the fulfillment of its crude explanation is in your motherboard or system board or motherboard, are some saucers like a cartridge Super Nintendo or Nintendo 64 with several side transistors are small about 10cm. and have a notch, or hole, to remove only the plastic feet moves outward, pressing both strong but not strong

• Types of RAM

• There are three types of RAM, the former are the DRAM, SRAM and an emulation called Swap

•   Type 1, DRAM: acronyms come from ("Dynamic Memory Read Aleatory") or dynamic, because their chips are built of condensers (capacitors), which need to constantly refresh your load (bits) and this detracts speed but in return are economically priced.

•    Type 2. SRAM: acronyms come from ("Static Memory Read Aleatory") or static, because their chips are built of transistors, which do not need to constantly refresh your load (bits) and this makes them very fast but also very faces. Cache The term is often used to stop these memories, however it is also possible to find suitable cache segments on hard drives, flash drives and SSDs.

• Type 3. Swap. Virtual memory or swap memory ("swap") is not RAM as such, but an emulation (functional simulation), this means that you create a large file on the hard drive or SSD, which stores information by pretending to be RAM when this is partially filled, thus avoiding to stop computer services.

• Primary Storage• Primary memory is directly connected to the CPU of the computer. Must be

present for the CPU to work properly. Primary storage consists of three types of storage:

• The processor registers are internal to the CPU. Technically, it is the fastest of the different types of computer storage, being switching transistors integrated on the silicon chip microprocessor (CPU) that function as "flip-flop" electronic.

• Cache memory is a special type of memory used in many CPU to improve efficiency or performance. Some information from main memory is duplicated in the cache. Compared to the records, the cache is slightly slower but higher capacity. However, it is faster, although of much lower capacity than the main memory. It is also commonly used the multi-level cache - the "primary cache" that is smaller, faster and closer to the processing device, the "secondary cache" that is larger and slower, but faster and much smaller than main memory.

• Main memory contains the programs running and operating data. It can transfer data quickly between Microprocessor register and main storage locations. In modern computers used random access memory based solid state electronics, which is directly connected to the CPU via bus address, data and control.

• Second Storage

• The processor is able to rapidly perform operations on data stored in memory which is volatile and has a storage capacity sufficient to store all data, thus, computers need to have some form of permanent storage and massive . This is known as secondary storage to the storage media outside the primary storage. Magnetic tapes, disk packs, floppy disks and optical storage disks are examples of secondary storage media. They are cheaper than RAM and do not require a continuous supply of energy to maintain the stored information.

• However it should be stressed that the information access secondary storage is slower than RAM access. For example for certain teams recover a single character from a PC memory takes about 150 ns., Ie 150 millionths of a second while for the mean time to recover that character in the PC disk is a bit May 75 ms., or 75 milliseconds.

• DDR

• (Double Data Rate). In computing, DDR is a computer bus that operates at twice the rate of data transfer, both the rising edge and falling edge of the clock signal.

• Also known as double pumped, dual-pumped, and double transition.

• This technique has been used in front of microprocessor buses, Ultra SCSI-3, the AGP bus, DDR SDRAM and the HyperTransport bus on AMD Athlon 64 processors.

• The simplest way to create an electronic circuit with clock operation is to make a complete cycle of transfer (up and down) of the clock signal. However, this requires that the clock signal transfer switch twice, while the data lines changed at least once per transfer. When operating on a signal of bandwidth high integrity constraints restrict the clock frequency. Using both states (high and low) of the clock, the data signals can operate on the same frequency limitation but with double the transfer rate.

• BIOS

• The BIOS (stands for Basic Input / Output System, in Spanish "Basic Input and Output") is a type of firmware locates and prepares electronic components or peripherals from one machine to communicate with an operating system that rule. To do this simple machine program loaded in the RAM memory of the device core. The program runs on an integrated circuit of the motherboard and perform POST control of it in the boot or on time, providing basic functionalities: check main memory and secondary user communication via keyboard and monitor or link processes by starting or booting with the operating system kernel that govern the system. Usually the term is used to refer to ambivalently software or ROM BIOS which historically resided in computing systems based on the x86 architecture.

• Operation

• According to each manufacturer BIOS perform different procedures, but generally a copy of the firmware loaded into the RAM memory, since the latter is faster. Since detection is performed there and the configuration of the various devices that may contain an operating system.

• Pile• It is on a silver circle.• Well that makes you remember stack data that is in the CMOS, BIOS

misnamed by some, and also that the internal clock will run when the computer is off.

• The clock is as obvious as the CMOS is more difficult that requires explanation.

• The CMOS and BIOS are two different things.• The BIOS stands for Basic Input Output Sytem is a ROM (Read Only

Memory) as a chip that loads instantly and elementary functions for controlling the computer keyboard while not loaded the operating system (DOS, Windows, etc. )

• The CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, remember information that you give when some one leaves the computer and pressed the Delete key on alguos cases, or Esc, or F2, depending on the computer, and get a blue screen where you can configure things, eg where the operating system first looks, floppy, or CD, or hard drive, and other things, and you can also get there a password so only you can get into the computer (PC).

• PCI, "Peripheral Component Interconnect“ consists of two computer bus standard for connecting peripheral devices directly to your motherboard. These devices can be adjusted in this integrated circuit (called "planar devices" in the PCI specification) or expansion cards that fit into connectors. It is common in PC, which as been moved to the ISA bus standard, but is also used in other types of computers.

• What voltage consumes Broadband Modem?

• A broadband modem consumes about 12 to 24 volts of power

• IDE

• The interface ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) or PATA, originally known as IDE (Integrated Device Electronics), is an interface standard for connecting devices, mass storage and optical drives using the ATA standard and derivative ATAPI standard.

• Wires SATA

• Serial ATA or SATA (acronym for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a data transfer interface between the motherboard and some storage devices, such as hard disk, regrabadores readers and CD / DVD / BR, Solid State Drives or other high performance devices that are still being developed. Serial ATA replaces the traditional Parallel ATA or P-ATA. SATA provides faster speeds, better use when multiple units, longer cable and data transmission units ability to connect instantly, ie insert the device without turning off the computer or suffer a short circuit as the old Molex

• CPU

• The central processing unit, or CPU CPU (the acronym for Central Processing Unit), or just the processor or microprocessor, is the main component of computers and other programmable devices, which interprets the instructions in programs and processes data. CPUs provide the fundamental characteristic of the digital computer (programmability) and are one of the necessary components found in computers of any era, along with main memory and input / output. It is known as the CPU chip that is manufactured with integrated circuits. Since the mid-1970s, the single-chip microprocessors have almost completely replaced all the CPU types, and today the term "CPU" is usually applied to all microprocessors.