PRESENTACIÓN - PREVENTION & REACTION OF MARINE OIL SPILLS - AUTORIA PROPIA

7/29/2019 PRESENTACIN - PREVENTION & REACTION OF MARINE OIL SPILLS - AUTORIA PROPIA

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Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Popular Power Ministry for the University Education

Maritime University of the Caribbean

C.U.: English VII

Catia La mar. November, 14th 2012

Professor: Cadets:

Lilimar Lunar Castillo P. Jos G. 19.555.121

Rojas B. Juan C. 20.329.119


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What is an Oil Spill ?

What is prevention and reaction to Oil Spills?

Brackground and relevant information

Legal frame about Oil Pollution

Equipment for reaction of oil spills

Procedures: Bunkering


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Big boom of the maritime

industry at the end of XIXcentury and the beginning of the

XX century

Start of oil exploration aroundthe world

Introduction of the heat engine as

source of mechanical work for ship

propulsion

In that time big companies and

governments were not aware of the

high damages that oil can cause to

the sea

The years past and a sequence of

maritime incidents happened where

the MS Gluckauf, MS Titanic are ones

of the most knowns

The intergovernmental maritime

consultative organization was

created in March, 6 1948 known as

I.M.O. nowadays


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IMO objectives and functions

The big shipping companies put

the safety and sea in a secondplace

it was not until the incident ofTorrey

Canyon in 1967 when the maritime

industry and the governments

started to care about seas.


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MARPOL is the convention thatrules all the subjects and topics

about the oil spills

In 1973 the I.M.O. prepared a

convention about the pollution of

the seas (MARPOL)

The MARPOL convention

entered into force October, 2th

1983.


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We can define an oil spill as any, accidental

or not, discharge, evacuation, escape, leak,

overfill, emission or emptying of oil orderivatives to the ocean or coastal waters

which put on risk the life of the marine

environment, the human life or hinder thegood use of the seas.


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it is the action of preparing all the necessarymatters (operations and procedures) and

elements to avoid or affront a risk, damage or

hard situation. So the prevention is be preparedfor everything at any moment, it is achieved

through the preparation of well planned

procedures, good communication, training, andno less important having good equipments. The

marine oil spills are a situation that put on risk

the marine environment and the human life.


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Prevention is constituted by three main elements:

Planning: all ships must have a plan in case of oil spill.

Training: the crew must be trained on oil spill prevention and in

all the procedures concerned to the bilge of water used to clean

the cargo tanks, oil tanks and oil spills because the happening of

incidents. Drills are an excellent practice.

Equipment: the ship must have the equipment necessary for an

efficient response in case of oil spill, the crew, in case of oil spill,

combined with the plans and equipment, should response fastand successfully. The equip only helps with little oil spills, bigger

spills like the Torrey Canyons obviously is treated by companies

on response of oil spills. A company of this is Oil Spills

Response.


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It is the fast, efficient and well planned response tohard situations or risks, focused on the reduction of

the issue seriousness and its affectation to the

human life or environment. In the term are

involved all the actions to reduce or eliminate the

focus of risk or danger using equipment, human

power and technical support. So the reaction of

marine oil spills are all those operations that triesto remove as fast as possible the oil from the sea

water where the spill happened. In order to reduce

the damage for the marine environment.


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The convention empowered to rule all the

matters concerned to oil pollution is the

International Maritime Convention for thePrevention of Pollution from Ships as know as

MARPOL. The first annex of the MARPOL is

about Oil Pollution, therein are 39 rules,7chapters and 3 appendixes.


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Annex I contains requirements for:

Surveys and inspections.

International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificates.

Discharges of oil or oily water mixtures.

Segregated or dedicated clean ballast.

Filtering and separating equipment.

Crude oil washing. Oil record books.

Retention of oil in slop tanks.

Sludge tanks.

Pumping.

Restrictions on carryin. Water ballast in fuel tanks.

Restrictions on carrying oil in forepeak tanks.

Piping and discharge arrangements.

Shipboard oil pollution emergency plans.


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It is a floating device used to contain oil on abody of water. Once the boom has been

inflated, it is towed downwind of the oil spill

and formed into a U-shape; under theinfluence of wind, the oil becomes trapped

within the boom. Oil boom has a skirt made

of plastic which prevents oil spills from goingunder the boom.


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It is a device that collects and removes oil from awater surface (So it is a recovery equipment),

Skimming equipment travels into the boom

enclosure, the drums rotate and because of thisrotation the oil adheres to the surface of the drums,

separating from the water, then the oil is pumped

into containers. There are two main designs: oil

absorbent rope and oil absorbent drums.


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They are devices to carry oil spills, are made of plasticor PVC. There are three main kinds: floating storage

bag, Easytank and Autotank


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PRESENTACIÓN - PREVENTION & REACTION OF MARINE OIL SPILLS - AUTORIA PROPIA

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