Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

David Fernández David Fernández ExpósitoExpósito

5ºB5ºB

Weather and Climate

David Fernández Expósito5ºB

1.Weather and Climate1.Weather and Climate

• WeatherWeather: refers to atmospheric : refers to atmospheric conditions at a specific moment.conditions at a specific moment.

• ClimateClimate: refers to the typical : refers to the typical atmospheric conditions in an area atmospheric conditions in an area over a long period of time.over a long period of time.

Atmospheric conditionsAtmospheric conditions

• Temperature is the amount of heat in the is the amount of heat in the atmosphere. We can measure temperature with a atmosphere. We can measure temperature with a thermometer.thermometer.

• Precipitation is water that falls from the sky as is water that falls from the sky as rain,snow or hail. We can measure precipitation with a rain,snow or hail. We can measure precipitation with a pluviometer.pluviometer.

• Wind is the movement of air in the atmosphere. We is the movement of air in the atmosphere. We can use a weather vane to check the wind´s direction can use a weather vane to check the wind´s direction and we can use an anenometer to measure its velocity.and we can use an anenometer to measure its velocity.

• Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. We can measure this pressure air in the atmosphere. We can measure this pressure with a barometer.with a barometer.

Factors that influence climateFactors that influence climate

• LatitudeLatitude: climate zones that are near the : climate zones that are near the Equator are usually warm. The Sun shines Equator are usually warm. The Sun shines more directly on these zones ,so they more directly on these zones ,so they receive more light and heat.receive more light and heat.

• Distance from bodies of water: : temperatures are less extreme near large temperatures are less extreme near large bodies of water,like seas or oceans.bodies of water,like seas or oceans.

• Altitude: places at higher altitudes are : places at higher altitudes are usually colder than places at lower usually colder than places at lower altitudes. A change in altitude of only 160 altitudes. A change in altitude of only 160 meters can cause a change in temperature meters can cause a change in temperature of 1ºC.of 1ºC.

2.The Earth´s climate zones2.The Earth´s climate zones

•The Earth has got many climate The Earth has got many climate zones, but we can classify all of zones, but we can classify all of them into three general categories: them into three general categories: – hot climateshot climates– temperate climatestemperate climates

– cold climatescold climates

Hot climatesHot climates

• EquatorialEquatorial climates have high climates have high temperatures and lots of precipitation temperatures and lots of precipitation all year long.all year long.

• TropicalTropical climates have high climates have high temperatures all year long. They temperatures all year long. They recive lots of precipitation in summer, recive lots of precipitation in summer, but the weather is dry in the winter.but the weather is dry in the winter.

• DesertDesert climates receive very little climates receive very little precipitation all year long. They can precipitation all year long. They can also have very extrene temperatures.also have very extrene temperatures.

Desert climateDesert climate

Equatorial climateEquatorial climate

Tropical climateTropical climate

Temperate climatesTemperate climates

• OceanicOceanic climates have mild temperatures climates have mild temperatures all year long. They receive a lot of all year long. They receive a lot of precipitation, especially in winter.precipitation, especially in winter.

• MediterraneanMediterranean climates have mild climates have mild winters and hot summers. Summers are winters and hot summers. Summers are usually dry.usually dry.

• ContinentalContinental climates have cold winters climates have cold winters and hot summers. They don´t receive and hot summers. They don´t receive very much precipitation.very much precipitation.

Oceanic climateOceanic climate

Mediterranean climateMediterranean climate

Continental climateContinental climate

Cold climatesCold climates

• MountainMountain climates are cold.There is climates are cold.There is more precipitation at high altitudes.more precipitation at high altitudes.

• PolarPolar climates have very low climates have very low temperatures.They receive very little temperatures.They receive very little precipitation.precipitation.

Mountain climateMountain climate

Polar climatePolar climate

3.Climate zones in Spain3.Climate zones in Spain

• Spain has got a variety of climate zones. All of Spain has got a variety of climate zones. All of them are influenced by differences in latitude, them are influenced by differences in latitude, distance from bodies of water and altitude. distance from bodies of water and altitude.

• Climates in Spain: Climates in Spain: – OceanicOceanic– MountainMountain– Continental mediterraneanContinental mediterranean– Mediterranean Mediterranean – Subtropical*.Subtropical*.

*Temperatures are high all year long and there isn´t a lot of *Temperatures are high all year long and there isn´t a lot of precipitation.precipitation.

4.Climate change4.Climate change• Climate change is caused by increase in the EarthClimate change is caused by increase in the Earth

´s temperature.´s temperature.• Today, most scientist believe that the Earth´s Today, most scientist believe that the Earth´s

climate is changing. The main cause of this change climate is changing. The main cause of this change is an increase in waste gases, like carbon dioxide, is an increase in waste gases, like carbon dioxide, in the Earth´s atmosphere.in the Earth´s atmosphere.

• Higher sea levels: the ice in polar zones is melting.Higher sea levels: the ice in polar zones is melting.• More severe weather: are going to cause more More severe weather: are going to cause more

violent storms.violent storms.• Drought: some regions are going to receive less Drought: some regions are going to receive less

precipitation, so they won´t have enough water.precipitation, so they won´t have enough water.• Extincion: some animal species are going to Extincion: some animal species are going to

disapear.disapear.

Melting in polar zonesMelting in polar zones

5.Climate and natural 5.Climate and natural disastersdisasters• Strong winds can cause serious damage to Strong winds can cause serious damage to

buildings eand trees. buildings eand trees. • A hurricane is a large tropical storm that can be A hurricane is a large tropical storm that can be

hundreds kilometres across. Can produce winds hundreds kilometres across. Can produce winds of 250 kilometres per hour.of 250 kilometres per hour.

• A tornado is a column of air that comes down A tornado is a column of air that comes down from a storm cloud and rotates violently.from a storm cloud and rotates violently.

• Torrential rains can cause dangerous floods. Torrential rains can cause dangerous floods. Rivers can overflow and cause serious damage.Rivers can overflow and cause serious damage.

• Droughts are long periods of time with little or no Droughts are long periods of time with little or no rain. They can cause serious problems, especially rain. They can cause serious problems, especially for farmers.for farmers.

• High temperatures can cause fores fires.High temperatures can cause fores fires.

TornadoTornado

HurricaneHurricane

GOOD BYEGOOD BYE