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ARNAutoridad Regulatoria NuclearNuclear Regulatory Authority

ANS/LAS SYMPOSIUM ON “NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE NUCLEAR

FUEL CYCLE”

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June

21 – 25 2010

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ARNAutoridad Regulatoria NuclearNuclear Regulatory Authority

1. ARN WORK FOCUSED ON SAFEGUARDS AND NON PROLIFERATION ISSUES – BRIEF OVERVIEW

2. CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARDS, SOME ASPECTS

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REGULATORY HISTORY

1950 Argentinean Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) as competent authority in the control of the protection against the hazardouseffects of ionizing radiation and the safety of installations.

1994 Nuclear Regulatory Board (ENREN)an independent governmental body performing regulatory control activities previously under the competence of CNEA Regulatory Branch.

1997 Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN) as successor of ENREN, created under the frame of the Nuclear Activity National Act.

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Safeguards and non-proliferation in ArgentinaLEGAL ASPECTS & COMMITMENTS

NUCLEAR ACT 24804 – Article 1ºWith regard to nuclear activities the Federal State shall establish the policy and it shall exercises R&D, regulation and control through the Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Authority…

In executing the nuclear policy, the obligations and commitmentsundertaken by the Argentine Republic by virtue of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (TLATELOLCO TREATY), the Treaty of Non Proliferation (NPT), the Quadripartite Safeguards Agreement as well as the commitments undertaken by the country with regard to the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the National Sensitive Export Regime SHALL BE STRICTLY OBSERVED.

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A real example of peaceful use commitment cooperation and transparency

• TLATELOLCO NWFZ TREATY (1967) – Region free of Nuclear Weapons

• ARGENTINA, BRAZIL HAVE BROUGHT INTO FORCE ALL RELEVANT NUCLEAR NON

PROLIFERATION TREATIES, AS WELL AS OTHERS IN THE REGION

• BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA HAVE BROUGHT INTO FORCE THE AGREEMENT

BETWEEN ARGENTINA & BRAZIL FOR THE EXCLUSIVE PEACEFUL USES OF

NUCLEAR ENERGY (1991)

• FULL SCOPE SAFEGUARDS WITH THE IAEA (1991-1994

• NPT TREATY (1995)

• NSG & OTHER GROUPS & NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENTS

• ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, ABACC AND THE IAEA HAVE BEEN COOPERATING

TOWARDS EFFECTIVE & EFFICIENT SAFEGUARDS

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REGULATORY AUTHORITY

The NUCLEAR REGULATORY AUTHORITY (ARN) was established as an autonomous body reporting to the President of Argentina by Act 24804 known as the Nuclear Activity National Act, which came into force on April 25, 1997, and is empowered to regulate and control the nuclear activity with regard to radiation and nuclear safety, physical protection safeguards and nuclear non-proliferation issues. It must also advise the Executive on issues under its purview.

The objective of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority is to establish, develop and enforce a regulatory system applicable to all nuclear activities carried out in Argentina.

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ARN NOTES

• It is an independent body

• More than 50 years of nuclear regulatory activity

• It deals with the 4 “regulatory branches” (+ security)

• It has federal competence

• It has a leading role in emergencies

• It places strong emphasis on training

• It has its own technical capacity

• It carries out a broad international activity

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FACULTIES OF THE REGULATORY BODY

• Issue of regulatory standards.

• Grant the corresponding licenses to nuclear installations and personnel.

• Submit requirements to the Responsible Organizations

• Carry out inspections and audits to verify compliance with licenses and

authorizations issued.

• Perform studies and evaluations.

• Apply sanctions in the case of non-compliance with any obligation by the

license holder.

• Approve emergency plans and procedures.

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NUCLEAR ENERGY IN ARGENTINA

Argentine Presidency

Nuclear Regulatory Authority(ARN)

Ministry of Federal Planning, Public Invest & Services

Secretary of Energy

National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA)

Nucleoeléctrica Argentina S. A.(NA-SA)

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PHYSICAL SECURITY

PRACTICESCONTROL

SAFEGUARDSCONTROL

CLASS II / III RADIOLOGICAL INSTALATIONS

CONTROL

CLASS I RADIOLOGICAL INSTALATIONS

AND TRANSPORT

CONTROL

RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY, PHYSICAL PROTECTION

AND SAFEGUARDS

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INSTITUTIONAL COMMUNICATION

NUCLEAR AFFAIRS

NUCLEAR AFFAIRS ANDINSTITUTIONAL

COMMUNICATION

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HUMAN RESOURCESDISTRIBUTION BY SPECIALIZATION

PROFESSIONALS64%

TECHNICIANS19%

ADMINISTRATIVE12%

LOGISTICS5%

8% BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION & ECONOMY

18% PHYSICS24% CHEMISTRY

5% SYSTEM & COMPUTER ENGINEER

30% ENGINEER, INCLUDING NUCLEAR

5% MEDICINE

10% OTHER SCIENCES

% PROFESSIONALS BY SCIENCE DISCIPLINES

Total Staff365

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URANIUM MINING AND MILLINGNUCLEAR RESEARCH CENTER

~ 1600 USERS OF RM

FABRICATION OF NUCLEAR FUEL

RESEARCH REACTORSNPPsMEDICAL CENTER

U – ENRICHMENT FACILITY

ARGENTINA

~1600 USERS OF RM

20.000YEARLY

OPERATIONS OF

TRANSPORT OF

RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

2.790.000 km2

348

UO2

4

6

19

34

27

8

515

122

26

62

24

1497

43

914

18

2214

21

15

3

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BUENOSAIRES

ATUCHA II NUCLEAR POWER PLANTUNDER CONSTRUCTION

PHWR - 693 MW112 km from Buenos Aires

ATUCHA I NUCLEAR POWER PLANTPHWR - 335 MW

112 km from Buenos Aires

EMBALSE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

PHWR - 600 MW700 km from Buenos Aires

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Operating Nuclear Power StationsNuclear Power Stations under constructionResearch Reactors and Critical assembliesParticle acceleratorsRadioisotope or radioactive source production plantsHigh dose irradiating facilitiesNuclear fuel cycle related installationsCNEA´s radioactive waste management areasNuclear material depositsMining facilitiesCNEA´s laboratoriesTeletherapy centresMedical nuclear centresGammagraphy installationsIndustrial meters and petroleum industry applicationsOther uses

2165451313822

18030065

301693

YEAR 2008

INSTALLATIONSUNDER

REGULATORYCONTROL

TOTAL 1610 INSTALLATIONS

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ARN SSAC

NATIONAL SAFEGUARDS OBJECTIVE

To ensure -with a reasonable level of certainty- that

nuclear materials, materials, equipment, installations and

relevant information are not used for any unauthorized purpose, and

that nuclear activitiesare in compliance with international

non-proliferation agreements and undertakings of Argentina.

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The SSAC of Argentina

GOAL

To design and enforce control measures assuring the continuity of knowledge about possession, use and movements of nuclear materials as the primary element for the prevention and detection of unauthorized uses of nuclear materials.

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Safeguards and the SSAC of ArgentinaARN STANDARD AR 10.14.1

No one can receive, possess, store or transfer any nuclear material without the relevant License or Authorization issued by the ARN. Licenses and Authorizations are issued once the applicant has fulfilled all relevant requirements related to radiation protection, nuclear safety, safeguards and physical protection.

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The SSAC of ArgentinaA competent SSAC should set up procedures and requirements for the holders of nuclear materials. A pillar of this system is the accountancy

of all nuclear materials and its independent verification.

The SSAC is designed and enforced in a way that:

• Ensures that nuclear materials are imported, exported, produced, transferred, stored, used, only by authorized or licensed installations.

• Keeps an updated system database of all nuclear material present in the country.

• Verifies compliance with licenses and permits

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Safeguards and non proliferation Argentina

LEGAL ASPECTS & COMMITMENTS

• BILATERAL AGREEMENT: Argentina and Brazil

• EXCLUSIVELY PEACEFUL USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY, SCCC and ABACC

• QUADRIPARTITE SAFEGUARDS AGREEMENT (BASED ON THE SCCC AND ON IAEA COMPREHENSIVE SAFEGUARDS -INFCIRC/153)

• INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGREEMENTS

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The SSAC of Argentina

• NUCLEAR ACT 24804

ESTABLISHES FUNCTIONS AND GOALS FOR NATIONAL SAFEGUARDS AND THE REQUIREMENT TO FULFILL INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARDS AND OTHER NON PROLIFERATION OBLIGATIONS

• ARN REGULATORY NORMS, REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES

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YEAR 2008 - TOTAL INSPECTION EFFORT

Radiological and nuclear safetySafeguardsPhysical protection

Area under regulatory control Person-days

2832456156

ABACC

The ARN performed in 2008 its obligation to cooperate with ABACC in the implementation of the “Common System of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials”, by contributing 20 inspectors who carried out 264 person-days of inspection in Brazilian facilities.

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ABACC O I E A

ARN provides the Brazilian-Argentine Agency with inspectors

for the application of the “CommonSystem of Accounting and Control

of Nuclear Materials”; ARN staff also serves in the Secretariat of

ABACC.

BILATERAL AGREEMENT - 1991

QUADRIPARTITE SAFEGUARDS AGREEMENT ARG/BRA/ABACC/IAEA-

1994

References

ATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEAN

SAO PAULO

BELLO HORIZONTE

RIO DEJANEIRO

TROPIC OF CAPRICORN

BUENOS AIRES

CORDOBA

BARILOCHE

ARGENTINA

BRAZIL

EQUATOR

URANIUM DIOXIDE CONVERSION PLANTURANIUM ENRICHMENT PLANT

ATOMIC CENTER NUCLEAR POWER PLANTNUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNDER CONSTRUCTION

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SAFEGUARDS ACTIVITIES (Cont.)

IN ITS NATIONAL VERIFICATION ROLE, the Argentine SSAC:

•CONTROL AND VERFIY ALL NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES IN THE COUNTRY

•Grants authorizations and licenses to any user of nuclear materials in Argentina.

•Verifies operators’ full compliance with ARN standards, regulatory requirements, licenses and authorizations and validity of the design information. NATIONAL INSPECTORATE

•Evaluates any comments provided by ABACC and the IAEA on the DIQ, inspections, C&S failures

•Requests operators any amendments and amplifications of information that may be required.

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SAFEGUARDS ACTIVITIES (Cont.)

In its coordination role, the Argentine SSAC:

•FACILITATE ABACC AND IAEA SAFEGUARDS

•Submits all accounting and operational reports to ABACC as well as all notifications required in the Bilateral and QuadripartiteAgreements, and coordinates the resolution of any error).

•Interacts with the operators of nuclear installations to establish procedures to ensure prompt access to the installations and to facilitate international safeguards inspections and other verification activities.

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SAFEGAURDS ACTIVITIES (Cont.)

In its coordination role, the Argentine SSAC:

COOPERATES WITH ABACC AND THE IAEA IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BILATERAL AND INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARDS

Cooperates with ABACC and the IAEA in facilitating the planning of safeguards inspections through the provision of accurate operational information of all “Material Balance Areas” (MBAs) in Argentina, and accompanies the international safeguards inspections.

•Provides notifications to nuclear installations of any matter related to national and international safeguards inspections.

Coordinates administrative arrangements to ensure the timely availability of argentine ABACC’s inspectors to perform inspections in Brazil

•Coordinates and negotiates with ABACC and IAEA any safeguards implementation aspect.

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SAFEGUARDS ACTIVITIES IN ARGENTINA

•Having competent SSAC with its own verification capabilities allows Argentina –inter alia - to:

•Ensure to the government authorities that nuclear material is not diverted to unauthorized uses and that design information of nuclear facilities remains valid.

•Have a reasonable certainty that nuclear materials are adequately accounted for and the measurement systems at nuclear facilities comply with international standards.

•Cooperate with ABACC & IAEA in applying efficient and effective safeguards.

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SAFEGUARDS ACTIVITIES UNDER THE QUADRIPARTITE SAFEGUARDS AGREEMENT

Increased cooperation between ABACC & IAEA in applying efficient and effective safeguards, a new impetus

The NPT Review Conference notes that bilateral and regional

safeguards can play a key role in the promotion of

transparency and mutual confidence between States, and that

they can also provide assurances concerning nuclear non-

proliferation

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SAFEGUARDS ACTIVITIES UNDER THE QUADRIPARTITE SAFEGUARDS AGREEMENT

Increased cooperation between ABACC & IAEA in applying efficient and effective safeguards, a new impetus

THE AGREEMENT PROVIDES FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN BOTH ORGANIZATIONS AND THE NOTION TO

AVOID DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS UNDER CERTAIN PRINCIPLES

MORE CAN BE DONE IN THIS AREA

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SAFEGUARDS ACTIVITIES UNDER THE QUADRIPARTITE SAFEGUARDS AGREEMENT

Increased cooperation between ABACC & IAEA in applying efficient and effective safeguards, a new impetus

Need for ABACC and the IAEA to reach independent conclusions,

Need to coordinate to the extent possible verification activities, in particular unnecessary duplication of ABACC’s

safeguards,When performing their activities, they shall work jointly in

accordance with compatible criteria,Need to allow IAEA to fulfill its obligations under the

agreement.

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OPERATORS NUCLEAR

INSTALLATIONS

STATE AUTORITHY

REGIONAL ABACC

IAEA SAFEGUARDS

SAFEGUARDS STRUCTURECooperation

Twowaysstreet

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The Argentine Experience of States Systems of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (SSAC)

CONCLUSIONS

The existence of adequate legislation and robust nuclear regulatory infrastructures is essential to ensure adequate accounting and control of nuclear material in

peaceful nuclear activities within a country

The SSAC is a requirement, not an option. However, consideration needs to be given to the country specific

characteristics.

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The Argentine Experience of States Systems of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (SSAC)

CONCLUSIONS

The Argentine experience for SSAC, whose landmarks are the existence of a robust SSAC and the

establishment of a reciprocal safeguards system between Argentina and Brazil (SCCC) and its insertion

within comprehensive international safeguards has been a fruitful experience. This may serve as an

example for similar initiatives elsewhere in the world.

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The Argentine Experience of States Systems of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (SSAC)

CONCLUSIONS

Cooperation between the Argentine & Brazilian SSAC, ABACC and the IAEA is a necessary condition for a

successful implementation of safeguards and to minimize the burden to peaceful nuclear activities.

This is essential to build up international confidence and effective and efficient safeguards

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The Argentine Experience of States Systems of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (SSAC)

CONCLUSIONS

Increased cooperation under strengthened safeguards between the SSAC (national and

regional) and the IAEA is one of the most promising measures to increase safeguards

effectiveness and efficiency

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A real example of cooperation and transparency, how to make it better: Safeguards at State level

• TLATELOLCO NWFZ TREATY (1967)

• ARGENTINA, BRAZIL AND ALL LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES HAVE

BROUGHT INTO FORCE ALL RELEVANT NUCLEAR NON PROLIFERATION

TREATIES,

• BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA HAVE BROUGHT INTO FORCE THE

AGREEMENT BETWEEN ARGENTINA & BRAZIL FOR THE EXCLUSIVE

PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY (1991)

• FULL SCOPE SAFEGUARDS WITH THE IAEA (1991)

• NPT TREATY (1995)

• NSG & OTHER GROUPS & NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENTS

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Further consideration should be given on the value that factors like the ones presented has

on how Agency’s safeguards should be applied at the level of States: Increased cooperation

between IAEA and ABACC could and should be enhanced to the fullest extent possible

The evolution of IAEA Safeguards to State level seem to be the way forward

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Final Remark

“The Agency shall seek to accelerate and enlarge the contributionof atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world. It shall ensure, so far as it is able, that assistance

provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military

purpose.”

To help to ensure sustainable peaceful nuclear energy To help to ensure sustainable peaceful nuclear energy expansion, it has a crucial role in promoting Safety and expansion, it has a crucial role in promoting Safety and

Security and in implementing SafeguardsSecurity and in implementing Safeguards

Thank you very much for your kind attention!Thank you very much for your kind attention!

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Muchas gracias por su atención

ARN

Nuclear Affairs and Institutional Communication DepartmentGerencia de Asuntos Nucleares y Comunicación Institucional

Av. Del Libertador 8250(C1429BNP) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, ARGENTINATel.: (054) (011) 6323-1770Fax: (054) (011) 6323-1771/1798

http://www.arn.gob.arMail: info@arn.gob.ararn@arn.gob.ar