Present Your Science - UiT20181303143925/PYS Handout 2018.pdf · A note on how to use this handout...

Present Your Science:Transforming Technical Talks

Melissa MarshallFounder, Present Your Science

[email protected]

[Gapminder.org]

[TED.com]

[TED.com]

[Hayden

Planetarium]

Welcome to the Present Your Science: Transforming Technical Talks course!

I am looking forward to sharing with you the tips, tricks, and research-based strategies that have helped scientists, engineers, and researchers all over the world dramatically improve the presentation of their technical work. You can expect this course to be interactive, hands-on, and highly relevant to your goal of transforming your scientific presentations.

If you have taken presentations skills courses before, you should expect that this one will be different. I believe that the “status quo” strategies for many presentations of science are not effective. Thus, the understanding and appreciation of the scientific work being presented is suffering, and when the science isn’t understood, the costs are high. Important projects aren’t funded, fruitful collaborations aren’t pursued, and meaningful conversations don’t occur.

When I designed this course, my primary goal was to leverage the quality research that has been done in the fields of communication and cognitive psychology to benefit the communication of science. I believe that you will find that this approach will transform the quality of your presentations immediately. It will take some effort to adopt these new strategies, but I know that when you see the results in your own talks, you will be convinced.

The scientific work matters and demands our best in communicating it.

Science not communicated is science not done!

Melissa Marshall

A note on how to use this handout during the course:

You will notice that not every slide that I will present in the course is present in this handout—that would use too much paper! I’ve provided here an outline of slides to serve as a structure for your notes during the course. However, you can expect that following the course today, you will receive a full PDF copy of all slides presented. This handout also includes some examples, resources, and activity sheets that will be used during the course and for your reference later.

Melissa Marshall www.PresentYourScience.com 2

Meet Melissa

Changing the world, one presentation at a time.

Melissa Marshall is on a mission: to transform how scientists and technical professionals present their work. That’s because she believes that even the best science is destined to remain undiscovered unless it’s presented in a clear and compelling way that sparks innovation and drives adoption.

For a decade, she’s traveled around the world to work with Fortune 100 corporations, institutions and universities, teaching the proven strategies she’s mastered through her consulting work and during her time as a faculty member with the Department of Communication Arts & Sciences at Penn State University. In 2016, Melissa was invited by the President of the American Heart Association to service on the Education and Communication Advisory Committee for the AHA’s Institute for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine.

When you work with Melissa, you will get the practical skills and the natural confidence you need to immediately shift your “information dump”-style presentations into ones that are meaningful, engaging, and inspire people to take action. And the benefits go far beyond any single presentation; working with Melissa, your entire organization will develop a culture of successful communication, one that will help you launch products and ideas more effectively than ever before.

Melissa is also a dynamic speaker who has lectured at Harvard Medical School, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NASA, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). For a sneak peek, check out her TED talk, “Talk Nerdy to Me.” It’s been watched by over 2 million people (and counting).

Melissa can be reached at [email protected]

“Science not communicated is science not done.”


https://www.ted.com/talks/melissa_marshall_talk_nerdy_to_me?language=en

mailto:[email protected]

Present Your Science:Transforming Technical Talks

Melissa Marshall Founder, Present Your Science [email protected]

www.PresentYourScience.com

Science not communicatedis science not done.

To present your science effectively, you must master three skills

Focus Illustration

Delivery


The most successful speakers are audience‐centeredwith their focus, not speaker‐centered

Technical Depth

CommonGround

Returning to points of common ground satisfiesaudiences of different technical backgrounds

An effective presenter selects a path and acts as a guide to help the audience reach the desired view of the subject

Orienting audience at the start

Keeping audienceon the path

Appreciatingthe view

*

"So what all of this means is..."

"This is important because..."

"This causes us to conclude that..."

" The next question we might ask is..."


Points of Common Ground Exercise

Technical Explanation Technical Explanation

Common Ground Common Ground

Answer the question, "So what?" about the info below.

Answer the question, "So what?" about the info below.


Slide intentionally kept blank for personal notes and sketches

A common error in presentations is not focusing on the most important details

To identify critical points for the talk, first consider the view you want the audience to have at the end

Main message you want the audience to leave the room with

What does the audience need to know in order to reach the point above?


Filtering and Structuring Details Exercise

Key Point 1

Key Point 3

Main message of the talk

Key Point 2



Slides impact the success of a talk more than we realize

Research

UnderstandingDeliveryPreparation


If audiences try to process too many words simultaneously, cognitive overload occurs

[John Sweller, 2005]

[Mayer, Multimedia Learning, 2nd Ed. 2009]

People learn much more deeply from words and relevant images than from words alone

PowerPoint’s defaults do not align with how people learn

Does not filter noise

Leads to too many written words

Does not emphasize relevant images


Example of a PDF of notes pagesGive as a handout after your talk

Slide presented during live talk

A key assumption is that the slides we project should differ from what we give as a handout


The first step is to write a sentence headline that statesthe main message of the slide

sentenceheadline

[Alley, CSP, 2nd ed., 2013]

[Desmond, 2014]


The second step is to find or create visual evidence that supports the sentence headline

visualevidence


[Desmond, 2014]


Although bullets are an easy way for presenters to connect details, bullets are difficult for audiences

• A

• B

• C

• D

1



c

d

a

b

A more effective use of text on the body of the slide is to “call out” elements of the visual evidence


The following slides are examples of Assertion Evidence slides

Maxillofacial implants are commonly created from titanium, which has structural properties similar to bone

[www.ortho.in][utsurg.uth.tmc.edu]

Maxillofacial Implant


Six seasonal stream samples were taken between 2010 and 2011

Spring Summer Fall

Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

2010

2011

Overall survival showed a trend toward poorer prognosis for triple negative and luminal tumors

p=0.08

Overall Survival Rates at Median Follow‐up

HER2: 83.3% (5 yr)

Luminal: 74.2% (4 yr)

TN: 70% (2 yr)

Stag2

Stag1

Smc3

Western blot analysis revealed complete knockout of Stag2with increase in Stag1 protein

1 02


[18F]-PARPi

Reiner et al., 2011 Angew Chem Int Ed EnglKeliher et al., 2011 ChemMedChem

Reiner et al., 2012 NeoplasiaCarlucci et al., 2015 Mol Imaging BiolCarney et al., 2016 Mol Imaging Biol

Olaparib

[18F]‐PARPi is a PARP1‐targeted radioactive imaging probe

FDA approved in 2014

29

The 2012 drought disconnected the river from underlying groundwater for approximately 2 months.

Platte River, central Nebraska, USA

Proper formatting makes code easier to read.

if (favoriteNumber > 100) { out.println("Your number is big."); } else { out.println("Your number is small."); }

if (favoriteNumber > 100) {

out.println("Your number is big."); } else {

out.println("Your number is small."); }

New lines

Indenting



Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events in Polar Regions During Arctic Spring

Katrine AspmoTorunn BergNorwegian Institute for

Air Research

Grethe WibetoeUniversity of Oslo, Dept. of Chemistry

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

01.01 02.03 01.05 30.06 29.08 28.10 27.12

ng/m

3

Event

Ny‐Ålesund, 79° N, 12°E

Mathematical framework

ECG recordings

Geometrical model

This presentation discusses the use of mathematical models and computer simulations to identify heart diseases

fuK


In conclusion, Ticagrelor may become the standard of care for patients with STEMI intended for primary PCI

Ticagrelor

Composite of CV death, MI, or stroke

MI and stent thrombosis

Total mortality

No increase in risk of major bleeding

Questions?


[www. TED.com]

An effective presenter acts as a “tour guide” during delivery and guides the audience through the visuals


Your body language doesn’t just impact the audience, it also impacts you as a speaker

[Dr. Amy Cuddy, PopTech, Vimeo]


Science not communicatedis science not done.

Contact me and share my training with others at

www.PresentYourScience.com


Blank area to sketch out slide ideas

Your Slide

Your Slide


Checklist for Assertion–Evidence Slides*

Style

1. Begin each body slide with a sentence-assertion headline that is left justifiedand no more than two lines

2. Support the assertion headline with visual evidence (photographs, drawings, graphs,films, or words and equations arranged visually)—avoid bullet lists

3. In the body of the slide, use words only when necessary—design your slidesso that the audience reads no more than 20 words per minute

Typography

1. Use a bold sans serif typeface such as Calibri

2. Use 28 point type for the headline, 18–24 point type for the body text, and 12-14point type (not bold) for reference listings

3. Avoid setting text in all capital letters, in italics, or with underline

Layout

1. Keep blocks of text, especially the headlines, to no more than two lines

2. Keep lists to two, three, or four items

3. Use small margins on the sides, so that you can insert sufficient white space betweenelements—for instance, leave at least a half-inch of white space below the headline

Trabeculae reduce a bone’s weight while giving it maximum strength against multiple forces

Gustav Eiffel, 1889

PowerPoint Template: www.assertion-evidence.com

Assertion‐Evidence Slide Structure is documented in The Craft of Scientific Presentations (Michael Alley 2013) *


Anan Kazi Dr. Sunitha ThakurDr. Dilip Giri

Medical Physics & PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

July 28,2016

Using Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging (DWI) Magnetic Resonance (MR) to Predict the Presence of Breast Cancer at Margins

1 2

Current surgical treatment of breast cancer includes excision of the tumor and surrounding tissue (margins)

GOAL: Achieve clear margins (sparing unnecessary surgeries)

Optimize cosmesis (sparing excessive excision)

3

DWI‐MR and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC)

Validation of ADC in patient images

Predicting margin status

This study evaluates the ability of DWI‐MR to improve pre‐surgical planning for patients with breast cancer

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

Tumor ROIs Surrounding Fibrous

Tissue ROIs

Ave

rage ADC Value

Tumor Vs. Surrounding Fibrous Tissue

Patient #

Margins

predicted by

ADC

Margins

confirmed by

pathology

1 ‐ ‐

2 ‐ ‐

3 ‐ ‐

4 + +

5 + +

6 + +

7 + +

8 ‐ +

9 ‐ +

10 ‐ +

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measures the magnitude of diffusion of water molecules within tissue

Random Brownian Motion

Free diffusionHigh ADC

Restricted diffusionLow ADC

Water molecule Cell

4

We hypothesize that ADC at DWI‐MR can predict breast cancer at excision margins

ADC MapDWI Image

5

We analyzed records and pathology slides in 10 women (mean age 56) with invasive breast cancer

IDC: Invasive ductal carcinomaILC: Invasive lobular carcinoma

Histology Cancer Benign Total

IDC 5 3 8

ILC 2 0 2

Total 7 (70%) 3 (30%) 10 (100%)

Tumor

Margins

7

Selected slides that illustrate the structure of a presentation.


Using MatLab, regions of interest (ROI’s) were placed on the tumor and surrounding fibrous tissue on the ADC map

Margins with ADC 1.3‐1.8* were

predicted to be cancerous (+)8

The mean ADC of tumors was significantly lower than the mean ADC of surrounding fibrous tissue

p<0.05

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003


Tissue ROIs

Average ADC Value


9

ADC accurately predicted margin status in 7 (70%) of 10 pts

Patient # Margins predicted by ADC Margins confirmed by pathology

1 ‐ ‐

2 ‐ ‐

3 ‐ ‐

4 + +

5 + +

6 + +

7 + +

8 ‐ +

9 ‐ +

10 ‐ +

Specificity, 3/3 (100%); Sensitivity, 4/7 (57%)10 10

Mean ADC of tumors was significantly lower than mean ADC of fibrous tissue

High specificity is good, but low sensitivity is not: for ~½ of cases with (+) margins, ADC predicted (‐)

In summary, ADC has high (100%) specificity but low (57%) sensitivity for predicting breast cancer at excision margins

More study is needed

Questions?

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003


Tissue ROIs

Ave

rage ADC Value


Patient #

Margins

predicted by

ADC

Margins

confirmed by

pathology

1 ‐ ‐

2 ‐ ‐

3 ‐ ‐

4 + +

5 + +

6 + +

7 + +

8 ‐ +

9 ‐ +

10 ‐ +


[TED.com]

[TED.com]

[Hayden

Planetarium]

Diagrams use proximity, scale, and links to clarify hierarchy and relationships between information

www.Duarte.com/diagrammer

Example slide with diagramMelissa Marshall www.PresentYourScience.com 23

Instructions to use Presenter ViewPresenter View is a very useful setting to acquaint yourself with. What this strategy enables you to do is to view your PowerPoint notes pages on your laptop, while the audience sees only the full slide on the projected screen. Be sure to practice this set up before your actual presentation.

This is how presenter view looks when working on your laptop.

Select the “Use Presenter View” box under the Slide Show tab in PowerPoint.

Check your computer’s display settings. Ensure that the “multiple displays” setting is set to “Extend”.


The Assertion Evidence Slide Design Website

Please visit the website for the Assertion Evidence Slide Design (edited by Michael Alley) for more information, templates, and video examples: www.assertion-evidence.com.


Consider adding these useful references to your bookshelf.

Alley, Michael. The Craft of Scientific Presentations: Critical Steps to Succeed and Critical Errors to Avoid. Second Edition. New York: Springer, 2013. Most highly recommended!

Duarte, Nancy. Slide:ology: The Art and Science of Creating Great Presentations. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2008.

Duarte, Nancy. Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2010.

Heath, Chip, and Dan Heath. Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die. New York: Random House, 2007.

Medina, John. Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Home, Work, and School. Seattle: Pear Press, 2014.

Nathans-Kelly, Traci, and Christine G. Nicometo. Slide Rules: Design, Build, and Archive Presentations in the Engineering and Technical Fields. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2014.

Reynolds, Garr. Presentation Zen Simple Ideas on Presentation Design and Delivery (Voices That Matter). New York: New Riders, 2007. See also: <http://www.presentationzen.com>

Weinschenk, Susan. 100 Things Every Presenter Needs to Know About People. Berkeley: New Riders, 2012.


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