Present TensesPresent SimplePresent ContinuousPresent Perfect

Muhammad Rayhan IzdiharLNG Academy I V

Present SimpleI live in Belgrade.You live in Belgrade.He/She/It lives in Belgrade.

We live in Belgrade.You live in Belgrade.They live in Belgrade.

Form :

S + V1(s/es) + O

Present Simple - negativeI dont live in Belgrade.You dont live in Belgrade.He/she /it doesnt live in Belgrade.

We dont live in Belgrade.You dont live in Belgrade.They dont live in Belgrade.

Form :

S + do/does + not + V1 + O

Present Simple - questionsDo I live in Belgrade?Do you live in Belgrade?Does he/she/it live in Belgrade? Do we live in Belgrade?Do you live in Belgrade?Do they live in Belgrade?

Form :

Do/Does + S + V1 + O ?

We use the Present Simple to talk about:Activities that we repeat regularly (routines, habits).My mum and dad always watch my documentaries.Permanent situations and states.I dont like cheese.General truthsA doctor works in a hospital.

Common time adverbials: always, often, usually, sometimes, neverevery day, every week, every year ...twice a week, once a month regularly, seldom, hardly ever, occasionally

Spelling Y is lost in verbs ending in consonant +y: fly flies study studies We use es with verbs ending in -s, -z, -sh, -ch, -s, -x: watches, teaches, washes, fixes... -es where you wouldnt normally expect it does goes

Present ContinuousI am watching TV.You are watching TV.He/she/it is watching TV.

We are watching TV.You are watching TV.They are watching TV.

Form :

S + to be + Ving + O

Present Continuous - negativeI am not watching TV.You are not watching TV.He/she/it is not watching TV.

We are not watching TV.You are not watching TV.They are not watching TV.

Form :

S + to be + not + Ving + O

Present Continuous - questionsAm I watching TV?Are you watching TV?Is he/she/it watching TV?Are we watching TV?Are you watching TV?Are they watching TV?

Form :

To be + S + Ving + O ?

We use the Present Continuous to talk about:Activities that are going on at the time of speaking.Right now, I am giving a lecture and you are listening.Activities that happen regularly but only for a limited period of time (temporary routines and habits).Im studying English a lot these days because we are having a test next week.

Common time adverbials: now, at the moment, at present, these days

Spelling Verbs ending in e lose the final -e when ing is added. phone phoning make making change changing Short verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant double the last consonant. sit sitting cut cutting swim swimming Verbs ending in ie: lie lying tie tying

Present PerfectI have done the homework.You have done the homework.He/she/it has done the homework.

We have done the homework.You have done the homework.They have done the homework.

Form :

S + have/has + V3 + O

Present Perfect - negativeI have not done the homework.You have not done the homework.He/she/it has not done the homework.

We have not done the homework.You have not done the homework.They have not done the homework.

Form :

S + have/has + not + V3 + O

Present Perfect - QuestionsHave I done the homework?Have you done the homework?Has he/she/it done the homework?

Have we done the homework?Have you done the homework?Have they done the homework?

Form :

Have/Has + S + V3 + O ?

We use the Present Perfect to talk about:Past events and activities with results or consequences in the present.Ive lost my keys and now I cant open the door.An action in the past when we dont know or are not interested in when it happened. (to talk about experience)Ive been to China.Things that started in the past and continue up till now.Ive always wanted to travel.

Common time adverbials: never, ever, since, for, already, yet, all my life, always

Descriptive Text

What is a Descriptive text? Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or thing is like.

Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

The Generic Structure of a descriptive text Identification: identifying the phenomenon to be described.

Description: describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or /and characteristics

Language FeaturesUsing attributive and identifying processUsing adjectives and classifiers in nominal groupsUsing simple present tenseUsing nouns, example teacher, house, my cat, etc. Detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subyek, misalnya It was a large open rowboat, a sweet young lady, dsb. Berbagai macam adjectives yang bersifat describing, classifying, numbering,misalnya two strong legs, sharp white fangs, dsbThinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis tentang subyek, misalnya Police believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a clever animal, dsbAction verbs, misalnya Our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.Adverbials, untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tsb, misalnya fast, at the tree house, dsb.Bahasa figurative seperti simile, metafor, misalnya John is as white as chalk, sat tight, dsb

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