Present Situation of Solid Waste Management in Yangon City · Yangon region and divided into four...
Transcript of Present Situation of Solid Waste Management in Yangon City · Yangon region and divided into four...
Present Situation of Solid Waste
Management in Yangon City
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Nirmala Menikpura, PhD Sustainable Consumption and
Production (SCP) Group Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies (IGES)
Administrative boundary of Yangon City Development Committee
Source :YCDC
Yangon is the former capital of Myanmar and remains as the most important centre of commerce, politics and culture.
Total area of Yangon city is 759 km2 and the population is 4.72 million (as of December 2012)
General background of Yangon City
There are 33 townships in Yangon region and divided into four districts – North, South, East and West
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Waste management in Yangon City
Daily Management -Waste Collection -Waste Transportation -Disposal at the final disposal sites
Pollution Control (progressing) -Final disposal sites management -Recycling -Green composting -Awareness raising
Pollution Control and Cleansing Department (PCCD) is responsible for waste management in Yangon city
Responsibilities of PCCD in Waste management
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Total waste generation - 1,690 toness/day Total waste collection - 1,550 tonnes/day The remaining 140 tonnes share the recycling and illegal dumping More than 75% of waste is organic
Organic waste , 76%
Paper & textile 0.1%
Plastic 10 %
others , 10 %
Waste generation and composition in Yangon
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Satellite TSP 300 Kyat per day Old suburbs-300 kyat per month/household
Sub-Urban - 450 kyat per month/household
Central Business District - (600) kyat per month/household
Monthly fee for waste collection service
Charges from commercial centers, hotels etc. are based on sizes, kind of facilities, waste types and others
Picture by YCDC
1. Bell Ringing System 2. Collection at a street Dumps Yard 3. Kerb side collection
Waste collection methods in Yangon
By Trucks
Pictures by YCDC 6
By carts
Waste separation at Yangon
Waste is mainly separated into two parts: Wet and Dry
However, all the separated waste is loaded to the same vehicle for transportation
Pictures by YCDC 7
There are 13 kinds of trucks are used for waste transportation
No. of trucks available 297 and capacity of trucks varies 2-8 tonnes/trip
Many trucks are too old and often, vehicle breakdown do happen.
Waste collection vehicles
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Pictures by YCDC
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Existing dumping sites in Yangon
Htain Bin
Hlaw Gar
Htawe Chaung
Da La
30 Km 26 Km
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Kyi Su
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6 Shwe Pyi Thar
Present situation of open dumpsite at HtainBin
PCDC is planning to implement a landfill gas-to-energy recovery plant to replace this open dumpsite
Future
This is the biggest open dumpsite in YCDC 847 tonnes of incoming waste is disposed per day
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Present situation of open dumpsite at Htwei Chaung This is the second biggest open dumpsite 612 tonnes of incoming waste is disposed per day
YCDC is considering installation of incineration plant (with electricity recovery)
Future
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Present situation of small open dumpsites
Dumpsite at Shwe Pyi Thar Disposal capacity – 50 tonnes/day
Dumpsite at Hlaw Ger Disposal capacity 25 tonnes/day
YCDC is considering installation of small incineration (without electricity production) plants to replace these dumpsites .
Future
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Situation of waste recycling in Yangon YCDC has estimated that 86 tonnes/day generated waste is
recycling Valuable recyclables are stored at household level and sell to the
nearby junkshops YCDC is also running a small-scale plastic recycling plant and
green and blue plastics bag is produced using the waste plastic.
Plastic recycling activities at YCDC
Composition of recyclables in Yangon
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Estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from current waste management in Yangon IGES GHG calculation tool was used to estimate the climate impacts from current waste management in Yangon
Emission of CH4 from open dumping 22.88 kg of CH4/tonne
Direct GHG emission from mixed waste open dumping 480.48 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mix waste GHG emission from open dumping from monthly disposed waste 22,342 Tonnes of CO2-eq/month
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GHG emissions from open dumping
YCDC uses 128,704 L diesel and 900 L of gasoline for waste transportation GHG emissions from transportation 7.51 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste Monthly GHG emission from transportation 349 tonnes of CO2-eq/month
GHG emissions from Waste Transportation
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Estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from current waste management in Yangon
Direct GHG emissions from recycling 866.42 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables
Avoided GHG emissions from recycling via materials recovery 2646.79 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables
Net GHG emissions from recycling (life cycle perspective) -1780.37 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables
Monthly total GHG reduction from recycling -4,593 Tonnes of CO2-eq/month
GHG emissions from recycling activities in Yangon
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GHG emissions fromtransportation
GHG emissions fromopendumping
GHG reduction fromrecycling
Overall GHGemissions from waste
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Overall GHG emission from waste management in Yangon
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YCDC plan for future waste management
Landfill gas-to-energy recovery and incineration would be the two major technologies in the intended waste management system in Yangon Our suggestions to improve the climate benefits and other co-benefits from waste management
Careful planning is very important in the designing phase to avoid the failure that may happen after the implementation
Improving the efficiency of the landfill gas recovery is the key to mitigate GHG. That can be done by starting gas recovery soon while waste tipping continues, and extending the duration of gas recovery project to cover the peak production period of methane
Composition and the moisture content of the waste can be greatly effected on the efficiency of the incineration plant. Pre-treatment would be necessary to reduce the moisture content waste prior to combustion
Despite all the waste-to-energy technologies, development of proper recycling scheme in Yangon would contribute for significant GHG reduction and then to attain the target of low carbon city
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How to select a appropriate set of technologies (especially pre-treatments) to match with waste characteristics of Yangon city?
How to establish a capacity of local governmental officials to plan and operate integrated approach for long term sustainability of waste management?
How to secure operational costs for upgraded technologies and approaches?
How to improve the efficiencies of proposed waste-to energy technologies to extract maximum amount of energy from waste?
How to reduce running costs including fossil fuel input? What are the possibilities for applying JCM? How to improve recycling activities in Yangon to divert
waste flows going into landfill and reduce GHG?
Points to be discussed for further improvements
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THANK YOU VERY MUCH Nirmala Menikpura, PhD
Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) group, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
Email: [email protected]
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