Present Simple, present continuous & present perfect

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Ken Thearith Ken Thearith B10 B10 National Institute of Business Department of English Topic: Present Topic: Present Simple ,present perfect Simple ,present perfect & Present continuous & Present continuous Lecturer: BUN CHEAMPHANG Group: 1 1.SOEM SAMEANG 2.KEN THEARITH 3.YIM SONY 4.UM KIMCHANRAKSMEY

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Transcript of Present Simple, present continuous & present perfect

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Ken Thearith B10Ken Thearith B10

National Institute of BusinessDepartment of English

Topic: Present Topic: Present Simple ,present perfect Simple ,present perfect & Present continuous& Present continuous

Lecturer: BUN CHEAMPHANGGroup: 11.SOEM SAMEANG2.KEN THEARITH3.YIM SONY4.UM KIMCHANRAKSMEY

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ContentContent

1.Present Simple

2.Present perfect Simple

3.Present Continuous

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PRESENT SIMPLEPRESENT SIMPLE

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INTERROGATIVE

Do I/ you / we /they Does he / she / it

I/ You / We / They do not don’ tHe / She / It does not doesn’t

NEGATIVE

AFFIRMATIVE

I / You / We / They readHe / She / It reads

read?

read

FORMFORM

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USEUSEWe use the Present Simple Tense :We use the Present Simple Tense :To describe routines.To describe routines.To describe habits.To describe habits.To describe what we frequently do.To describe what we frequently do.

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IN A SENTENCEIN A SENTENCEIt is easy to recognize when we have to use the It is easy to recognize when we have to use the

present simple tense, we can find some of present simple tense, we can find some of these words :these words :

Every-Every-Adverbs of frequency (usually, often, never,Adverbs of frequency (usually, often, never,

…)…)Expressions like “ on Mondays, in summer…”Expressions like “ on Mondays, in summer…”

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We often use the present simple with We often use the present simple with adverbs of frequency (adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly ever, sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly ever, nevernever). The go before the main verb, but ). The go before the main verb, but after ‘to be’.after ‘to be’.

• They often go out.They often go out.• I’m always late.I’m always late.Expressions of frequency (Expressions of frequency (every day, once a every day, once a

month, three times a yearmonth, three times a year) usually go at the ) usually go at the end of the sentenceend of the sentence

• I have English classed twice a week.I have English classed twice a week.

Adverbs and Expressions of Adverbs and Expressions of Frequency and use present simpleFrequency and use present simple

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To describe repeated actions or habitsTo describe repeated actions or habits• I get up at seven every morning.I get up at seven every morning.

To talk about things that are always or generally trueTo talk about things that are always or generally true• Water boils at 100Water boils at 100oo C. C.

To describe a permanent situation or a condition with To describe a permanent situation or a condition with no definite start or finish but which is true nowno definite start or finish but which is true now• We live in London.We live in London.

With adverbs of frequency such as always, usually, etc.With adverbs of frequency such as always, usually, etc.• She often studies in the library.She often studies in the library.

With time expressions such as every day/ week/ year, With time expressions such as every day/ week/ year, in the morning/ afternoon/ evening and at nightin the morning/ afternoon/ evening and at night• I go to the gym once a week.I go to the gym once a week.

To express future meaning with actions and events To express future meaning with actions and events that are part of a fixed timetable or a schedulethat are part of a fixed timetable or a schedule• The train leaves at 8’30.The train leaves at 8’30.

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SPELLING RULESSPELLING RULESMost verbs take Most verbs take –s–s in the third person singular.in the third person singular. I read – he readI read – he readssVerbs ending in Verbs ending in –ss, sh, ch, x, –ss, sh, ch, x, andand –o –o take – estake – esI KiI Kiss ss – he Kiss– he Kisseses.. I bruI brushsh – he brush– he brusheses,,I teaI teach ch – he teach– he teacheses,, I fiI fixx – he fix– he fixeses,,I gI goo – he go– he goesesVerbs ending in aVerbs ending in a consonant + y consonant + y drop the drop the – y – y andand taketake –ies–iesI tI try ry – he tr– he triesies,,I fI flyly – he fl– he fliesiesVerbs ending in aVerbs ending in a vowel + yvowel + y, simple take , simple take –s–sI buI buyy –he bu–he buysys

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PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLESIMPLE

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FORMSFORMS

Examples:Examples:You You have seenhave seen that movie many times. that movie many times.

(affirmative)(affirmative)HaveHave you you seenseen that movie many times? that movie many times?

(interrogative)(interrogative)You You have not seenhave not seen that movie many times. that movie many times.

(negative)(negative)

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STRUCTURESTRUCTURE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT (+)SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT (+)

Ex: I have bought a car.Ex: I have bought a car.

Ex: She has bought a car.Ex: She has bought a car.

SUBJECT + HAVEN’T / HAS NOT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT (-)SUBJECT + HAVEN’T / HAS NOT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT (-)

Ex: I haven’t bought a car.Ex: I haven’t bought a car.

Ex: She has not bought a car.Ex: She has not bought a car.

HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT + ? (?)HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT + ? (?)

Ex: have you bought a car?Ex: have you bought a car?

Ex: has she bought a car?Ex: has she bought a car?

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TIME EXPRESSIONSTIME EXPRESSIONS

You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific specific time expressions time expressions such as: yesterday, one year such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in, ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. at that moment, that day, one day, etc.

We CAN use the Present Perfect We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific with unspecific expressions expressions such as: ever, never, once, many such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. etc.

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USES:USES: ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND ARE ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND ARE

STILL CONTINUING.STILL CONTINUING.

ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED AT SOME ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED AT SOME UNKNOWN TIME IN THE PAST (EXPERIENCE).UNKNOWN TIME IN THE PAST (EXPERIENCE).

ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN THE PAST, BUT ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN THE PAST, BUT HAVE AN EFFECT IN THE PRESENT.HAVE AN EFFECT IN THE PRESENT.

RECENT PAST.RECENT PAST.

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ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND ARE STILL CONTINUING.AND ARE STILL CONTINUING.

When speaking about something that started in When speaking about something that started in the past and has continued up until now, we use the past and has continued up until now, we use words such us FOR and SINCE.words such us FOR and SINCE.

For: For: with a length of time.with a length of time. Ex: I’ve lived here for five years.Ex: I’ve lived here for five years.

Since: Since: with a starting time. with a starting time. Ex: I’ve been a teacher since 2007.Ex: I’ve been a teacher since 2007.

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ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED AT ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED AT SOME UNKNOWN TIME IN THE PAST SOME UNKNOWN TIME IN THE PAST

(EXPERIENCE)(EXPERIENCE) You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is

like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. tense to say that you have never had a certain experience.

Ex: Joan Ex: Joan has studiedhas studied two foreign languages two foreign languages

Ever & Never. Ever & Never.

Examples:Examples:

He He hashas never never travelledtravelled by train. by train. A: A: HaveHave you ever you ever metmet him?. him?.

B: No, I B: No, I havehave not not metmet him. him.

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ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN THE ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN THE PAST, BUT HAVE AN EFFECT IN THE PAST, BUT HAVE AN EFFECT IN THE

PRESENT.PRESENT.

The action happened at some time in the past, but The action happened at some time in the past, but the effect of the action is still important now.the effect of the action is still important now.

Examples:Examples: I’ve lost my keys. (still missing)I’ve lost my keys. (still missing) I’ve cut my finger –and now it’s bleeding- (still I’ve cut my finger –and now it’s bleeding- (still

injured)injured)

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RECENT PASTRECENT PAST Recently completed actions.Recently completed actions.

Key words: just, already and yet.Key words: just, already and yet.

Examples: Examples:

He has JUST played football (it is over now).He has JUST played football (it is over now). Have you finished yet?Have you finished yet? I’ve already written the report (here it is)I’ve already written the report (here it is)

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JustJust We use just to express actions that happened We use just to express actions that happened

RECENTLY.RECENTLY.

Ex: Maria has JUST finished her homework (not so Ex: Maria has JUST finished her homework (not so long ago)long ago)

Ex: It has just started to rain.Ex: It has just started to rain.

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ALREADYALREADY

We use ‘already’ to express actions that have We use ‘already’ to express actions that have finished before the actions were expected to finish. finished before the actions were expected to finish.

I have already done my homeworkI have already done my homework

Jorge has already watched ‘Transformers’ the movie.Jorge has already watched ‘Transformers’ the movie.

Cinthia has already read that book.Cinthia has already read that book.

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YETYET

We use yet for negative and interrogative sentences.We use yet for negative and interrogative sentences.

It is used to express expectations.It is used to express expectations.

Ex: Have you eaten sushi yet? (you expected that the Ex: Have you eaten sushi yet? (you expected that the other person has already eaten sushi).other person has already eaten sushi).

Ex: I haven’t been to Europe yet. (But I expect to go).Ex: I haven’t been to Europe yet. (But I expect to go).

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TIPSTIPS 1) We often use NEVER and EVER with the PPS to 1) We often use NEVER and EVER with the PPS to

talk about experience.talk about experience.

2) We often use SINCE and FOR to say how long 2) We often use SINCE and FOR to say how long the action has lasted.the action has lasted.

3) We often use JUST, ALREADY and YET with the 3) We often use JUST, ALREADY and YET with the PPS for a recently completed action in the past.PPS for a recently completed action in the past.

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PRESENT PRESENT CONTINUOUSCONTINUOUS

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What is present continuous?

•The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress. Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary actions or future plans.

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Base form•affirmative Subject + verb to be + gerund verb + complement

• negative Subject + verb to be +denial +gerund verb +complement

• interrogative verb to be + Subject +gerund verb +complement ?

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AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I am playing I am not / I’m not playing Am I playing?

You are playing

You are not / aren’t playing

Are you playing?

He is playing He is not / isn’t playing Is he playing?

She is playing She is not / isn’t playing Is she playing?

It is playing It is not / isn’t playing Is it playing?

We are playing We are not / aren’t playing

Are we playing?

You are playing

You are not / aren’t playing

Are you playing?

They are playing

They are not / aren’t playing

Are they playing?

Form Present continuousForm Present continuous

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1.Most verbs add -ing to the base form of the verb.Ex: going wearing visiting eating

2. Verbs that end in one -e drop the –e + ing

Ex: smoking coming hoping writing

But verbs that end in –ee don´t drop an –e . but + ing

Ex: agreeing seeing

3. Verbs CVC: double the last consonant + ing

Ex: hop + p + ing = hoppingEx: travel + l + ing = travelling

VERB + ing (spelling rules)VERB + ing (spelling rules)

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But if the final consonant is –y or-w, it is not doubled.

Ex: playing showing

4. Verbs that end -iey + ing

Ex: die = dying Ex: lie = lying

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS’ USEPRESENT CONTINUOUS’ USE

1) Actions happening at the moment of speaking1) Actions happening at the moment of speaking

Ex: Peter is reading a book now.Ex: Peter is reading a book now.

2) Fixed plan in the near future2) Fixed plan in the near future

Ex: She is going to Phnom penh on Saturday.Ex: She is going to Phnom penh on Saturday.

3) Temporary actions3) Temporary actions

Ex: His father is working in Rome this month.Ex: His father is working in Rome this month.

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44) Actions happening around the moment ) Actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions)of speaking (longer actions)

Ex:My friend is preparing for his exams.Ex:My friend is preparing for his exams.

5) Trends5) Trends

Ex:More and more people are using their Ex:More and more people are using their computers listen to music.computers listen to music.6) Repeated actions which are irritating to 6) Repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (with always, constantly, the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)forever)

Ex:Andrew is always coming late.Ex:Andrew is always coming late.

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What are they doing?What are they doing?

He is playing baseball.

I am skiing.

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He IS PLAYING tennis at the moment.

He IS DANCING hip hop now.

The dog is having a bath.

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The girl is eating a banana.

The boy is drinking water.

He is listening to the music.

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They are fishing in the river.

He is washing his teeth.

The man is watching TV.

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The baby is laughing.

He is cooking chicken.

They are dancing right now.

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Referenceswww.google.com

www.slideshare.net

Basic Grammar book. IDEBasic Grammar book. IDE

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Question Question time?time?

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