Present Perfect Tense

Simple Past Tense

Present Perfect Tense

• Form

• Example :a. Transpiration has started to increase since three

hours ago. b. Farmers in Jati Bali have grown rice crops since

1970.

Subject + (has/have) + verb3+ object + modifier

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing

to English learners.

• TOPIC 1 Experience• TOPIC 2 Change Over Time• TOPIC 3 Accomplishments• TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are

Expecting• TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

TOPIC 1 Experience

• You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience.

• Examples :a. I have been to France.b. I have been to France three times.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

• We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

• Examples :a. You have grown since the last time I saw you.b. The government has become more

interested in arts education.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

• We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity.

• Examples :a. Man has walked on the Moon.b. Our son has learned how to read.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

• We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened.

• Examples :a. James has not finished his homework yet.b. Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can

communicate.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

• We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times.

• Examples :a. The army has attacked that city five times.b. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far

this semester.

Yes/No Questions

• Form

• Examples :a. Has she read the entire book? b. Has John traveled around the world?

(Has/have) + subject + verb3+ object + modifier?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

• Examples :a. Many tourists have visited that

castle. ACTIVEb. That castle has been visited by many

tourists. PASSIVE

Simple Past Tense

• Form

• Examples :a. Some students conducted research on

vegetative plant propagations last year. b. Farmers in Jati Bali grew rice crops 6 months

ago.

Subject + Verb2 + Object + Modifier

How Do You Actually Use the Simple Past Tense ? The concept of "unspecified time" can be very

confusing to English learners.

a. Simple past tense is use for completed action. (example)

b. For use sub-clause from unreal conditionals the second type, if the fact in simple present tense. (example)

c. For make an indirect speech sentence and if the sentence is direct speech, use simple present tense.(example)

a. I went to Kuta beach yesterday. b. He was my boyfriend.c. The tsunami swept Banda Aceh and more than a hundred thousand people died.

a. If he were here now, he could help us solve this math problem.b. If I had a pair of wings, I would fly as high as I could.

a. He said that he was tired.b. She said that she couldn’t find her book.c. He said that he missed his girlfriend

Negative

• Form

• Examples :a. I did not go to Kuta beach yesterday. b. This plant was not 2 meters tall last month.

Subject + (did) + not + Verb1 + Object + Modifier

Yes/No Questions

• Form

• Examples :a. Did farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops 6

months ago? b. Weren’t you a bad badminton player last year?

Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier?