A- Form: Let’s consider the verb “finish”:Affirmative (+) Negative (–) Interrogative (?)

Full form Short formI have finishedYou …………………He ………………… She ………………… It ………………… We ………………… You ………………… They …………………

I have not finished I haven’t finished ……… I …………….…..?You ………………… You ………………… ……… you ………….….?He ………………… He ………………… Has he finished?She has not finished She ………………… ……… she ………….…..?It ………………… It ………………… ……… it …………….….?We ………………… We ………………… ……… we ……………....?You ………………… You ………………… ……… you ……………..?They ………………… They ………………… ……… they …………….?

Present Perfect (simple) = “Have” in the present + a verb in the “past participle” form)

“Finish” is a regular verb, that’s why it takes ‘ed’ in the past participle. But for irregular verbs, they change: they have a special form. That’s why we must memorise them and learn them by heart. For example: Be been ● have had ● go gone ● do done ● lose lost ● find found Steal stolen سرق ● say said ● meet met ● send sent ● buy bought ● see seen ....

B- Some uses of the present perfect (simple) tense are: When can we use this tense? نستعمل أن يمكننا متىالزمن هذا

1- If the action is recent. It happened just recently (= lately) ( ) جديدا يزال ال حدث مؤخرا حدث فعل لدينا كان اذاExamples: - Our Moroccan football team has lost the game! المباراة القدم لكرة الوطني منتخبنا خسر لقد- The king has visited a number of African countries lately االفريقية الدول من مجموعة الملك زار لقد مؤخرا- My sister has got married   أختي تزوجت يتزوج = get married - (!She is now a wife =) لقد- I’ve got happy news for you: you have succeeded! : نجحت لقد لك مفرح خبر fail ≠ ينجح = succeed - لدي- I’m very sorry to tell you that your son has died. مات قد ابنك بأن أخبرك أن جدا يموت/ = die - يؤسفني

يتوفى- Oh, no! The light has gone out. I will go and buy some candles الضوء انقطع شمعة = a candle - .قد2- When time is not mentioned = not specified (maybe because it’s not important to mention, or unknown)

: حدث قد الحدث أن هو المهم بل أصال مهما ليس ألنه أو حدث متى ندري ال ألننا اما الفعل وقوع زمن ذكر يتم ال عندماكفى و فعال

(If we don’t know or when exactly an action happened, what we know is it happened or if we don’t want to say when the action happened because time is not important, what is important for us is that the action really happened. - I have been to many cities in Morocco from North to south. / كثيرة مغربية مدن الى ذهبت زرت لقد- They have built the highest skyscraper in the world in Dubai. It’s called: Burj Khalifa. سحاب ناطحة أعلى بنوا لقد

العالم في- A: How do you know? ذلك عرفت األخبار B: I’ve heard this in the news كيف في ذلك سمعت لقد - A: It is said that they have discovered a cure to AIDS in Egypt. Is it true? B: Sorry, I really don’t know!

حقيقة ..................... أدري ال آسف، صحيح؟ هذا فهل مصر، في للسيدا عالجا اكتشفوا قد بأنهم يقال3- When an action happened and its effects still exist in our present time. ما تأثير و انعكاسات حدث الذي للفعل تكون عندما

الحاضر علىExamples: ● I’ve lost my key / مفتاحي أضعت فقدت لقد(= this means that I can’t open the door because I don’t have the key now: I’ve lost it. I still don’t have it. I haven’t found it yet …But if I lost it yesterday and later on I found it, in this case, we must use the past simple, because the action happened and finished at a specific time in the past : I lost my key yesterday = this means I have it now) ● I have visited Zagora many times. كثيرة مرات زاكورة مدينة زرت لقد(= This means I know this city so well. I will tell you many things about it if you ask me …)

4- We can use this tense with adverbs of time such as: already, just, yet, ever, never, before, for, since, so far, … - A: Have you finished? B: No, I haven’t. ……………….. - I haven’t finished yet. ( = not yet)- A: Have you finished? B: Yes, I have. ……………….. - I have just finished. ( just = a short time ago)- I have already seen this film. (= It’s not new to me) ( in French: j’ai déjà vu ce film )

= I have seen it before. قبل من رأيته مرتين I have seen it twice - ..……………… لقد رأيته- I have learnt by heart 30 irregular verbs so far …………… so far = until now اآلن حتىA: Have you ever been to England? انجلترا الى ذهبت أن لك سبق B: No, I haven’t. (I have never been هل

there)- I have never seen a snake like this one. كهذه أفعى قط أر لم

5- When an action started in the past and still exists in our present time (= the action is still going on الفعل يزال ال (مستمرا

● I have lived in Lbir Jdid since I was born / since 1990 / سنة أن 1990منذ منذ الجديد البير في أسكن أنا ولدت

It means that I still live t here أني هناك بمعنى أعيش أزال ال● I have lived in Lbir Jdid for twenty four years now اآلن سنة عشرين و أربع منذ الجديد البير في أسكنuntil now اآلن اللحظة until the moment حتى نقطة since (= starting point …… ( المدة duration =) for حتى

(البدء6- When time hasn’t finished: ● I have revised two subjects today. (= Today hasn’t finished yet)● I’ve drunk 3 cups of coffee this morning (= This morning is still going on! the afternoon hasn’t come yet)

Questions and answers: أجوبة أسئلة و  

1) Yes/ No questions: Short answers: 2) Wh- questions: Answers: – Have you found your key? (+) Yes, I have. – What have you said? I’ve said nothing

وجدته - –لجأ قلت لقد ماذا شيئا أقل لممفتاحك؟ وجدت No, I haven’t. – Who has told you this? My dad (–) هل

has g

بهذا أخبرك من أخبرني أبي

Practice

► Exercise n°1: Look at the table and write questions and answers about the things Ahmed has done and things he hasn’t done yet:

1) A: Has Mustapha surfed the Internet? B: Yes, he has.2) ……………………………………………………………………..

3) …………………………………………………………………......4) …………………………………………………………………......

5) ……………………………………………………………………..6) ……………………………………………………………………..

► Exercise n°2: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect (simple)tense:

1- My father (just/ arrive) ………………..…… 2- A: Where’s dad? B: He (go) ……………….. to the Mosque. 3- A: (you/ finish) ……………….…… cooking, mom? B: No, not yet. But I’m about to.4- A: (you/ see) ………………..….. my cap? B: No, I …………..5- A: (you/ ever/ cheat) ……………………….. in the exam? B: ……………6- A: (you/ ever/ eat) snails? ……………….………… B: Yes, I (eat) ……………….. snails many times. C: For me, I (never/ eat) …………………….….….. snails. 7- A: (you/ ever/ ask) …………………….….….. yourself this question? B: No, never!8- I (answer) ……………………..…. all the questions in a very short time. What an easy exam! 9- A: Wow! It’s an awesome smartphone! Can I have a look? B: Yes, of course! Here you are! A: (your father/ buy) ………………………..…. it for you? B: Yes, ………….10- A lorry driver (have) ……………………..….. a terrible accident on the high way.

1. surf the internet 2. read a newspaper 3. visit uncle Karim 4. eat couscous 5. do shopping 6. play football with friends

Fortunately, he (not/ die) ……………………….. (= He’s still alive حيا يزال ( ال11- Almighty God (create) …………………….. us to worship Him alone. وحده لنعبده تعالى و سبحانه الله خلقنا لقد12- A: “Congratulations! You (win) ………………….. the first prize in reciting the Holy Quran” B: Thank God!

لك الكريم  هنيئا القرآن تالوة في األولى بالجائزة فزت فلقدلله الحمد

13- A: The police (capture) …………………….. the criminal. He is now in prison! B: When did they capture him? A: They captur ed him last night. 14- A: Come and have lunch with us, Aziz! B: Thanks, but I (already/ have) …………………my lunch.15- “Alresalah” is the best movie I’ve ever seen! " " حياتي في رأيته فيلم أحسن هو الرسالةThe Holy Qur’an is the best book I (ever/ read) ……………………..….. This is the …….. I’ve ever ………

Let’s remember this:Golden ruleالـ وجوبا نستعمل فإننا الماضي في وقوعه زمن نحدد و الفعل وقع متى عن نسأل عندماPast simple

- Have you ever ………………………….? Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t.- Mohammad (PBUH) is the greatest man history (ever/ know) - This is the nicest/ smartest student I’ve ever taughtYou’re one of the best students ………………He’s the kindest guy I’ve ever met!

This is the funniest joke I’ve ever heard!

Thanks, but I (already/ have) …………………my lunch. I’m full now! ……………………. is a famous Canadian poet. He has written many poems for Islam.……………………. is a famous Lebanese singer. He has sung many songs for Islam.

I’m still thinking where I can find it

I’m still looking for it!I can’t open the door because I don’t have the key now: I’ve lost it. I still don’t have it. I haven’t found it yet …

But

● I’ve drunk 3 cups of coffee this morning (= it’s still morning! The afternoon hasn’t come yet)

- (you/ see) my cap? Yes, it’s just under your feet

The lorry driver- I’m very happy! I (answer) ………………..…. all the questions in a very short time. What an easy exam!

- A: Congratulations! You (win) ……………….. the first prize in reciting the Holy Qur’anالكريم القرآن تالوة في الولى بالجائزة فزت فلقد لك هنيئا

B: Oh, really! Praise be to Almighty God! I’m so happy this is my best day!

- Don’t sorry, sir! the police (capture) the criminal. He is now in prison!

- Tell me, how much is it? I really don’t know I’m so happy this is my best day!I can’t tell you how happy I am today!

I’ve got some bad news for you: your son has had an accident. لك سيء خير :لدي

- I’ve got good news for you: you have won the first prize. لك سيء خير :لدي

It is said that they have found a cure to AIDS in Egypt. Is this correct? وجدوا قد بأنهم يقال

I have been to many cities in Morocco from North to south. / كثيرة مغربية مدن الى ذهبت زرت لقدI can’t watch my favourite TV show الضوء انقطع المفضل. لقد برنامجي أشاهد أن اذن يمكنني ال

Note: “Finish” is a regular verb, that’s why it take ‘ed’ in the past participle. The past participle for irregular verbs is NOT verb+ ed. In fact, they change. They have a special form. That’s why we must memorise them and learn them by heart. Time for candles الضوء انقطع الشموع. قد وقت حان - Oh, no! The light has gone out. Back to candles الضوء انقطع الشموع. قد - Where’s mom? She (go) to the market.

Until now, I have not yet found itwhat is important for us is that the action really happened.

I’m sure you have said this but I don’t remember when he said this to me! when did he said it I can’t tell you now c) Oh, no! The light has gone out (= This means we’re in the dark now and we can’t

We usually use the past simple tense for an action that happened and finished at a particular time in the past: / الماضي من معين وقت في انتهى و حدث وقع قد ما فعال أو حدثا أن على للداللة الزمن هذا نستعمل

Some time expressions used with this tense are: Yesterday البارحة, Last night, البارحة ,ليلةLast Monday الماضي الماضي Last week ,االثنين Last time , األسبوع السابقة المرة in 1998, three years , فيago, When I was a kid ا صبي كنت العاشرة ,When I was 10 ,عندما سن في كنت الصيف Last summer عندما في.etc ..… الماضي

C- Some examples: األ مثلةبعض 1- When I was your age, I was too shy. جدا خجوال كنت سنك، مثل في كنت He helped - أنقذني He saved me ● لماme أعانني2- Yesterday, I had an exam at maths. It was very easy for me. جدا سهال كان الرياضيات، في امتحان عندي كان

لي بالنسبة3- I didn't have any questions because everything was clear. واضحا كان شيء كل ألن أسئلة أية لدي يكن لم4- A: Yesterday, I didn't find you at home. Where were you? كنت؟ فأين المنزل، في أجدك لم البارحة، B: Yes, I wasn't at home. I was in Al-Jadida to see my uncle who was sick. في كنت ، المنزل في أكن لم أجل

5الجديدة ...... - A: Did you have any exams last week? A: Were you absent yesterday? B: Yes, I was B: Yes, I had two: one at maths and another at English A: Why were you absent? B: Because I was sick.6- Yesterday was a special day: I was very happy because it was the day of Eid Al-Fitr. . مميزا يوما كان البارحة

فرحا كنت7- Teacher: Sarah, I know that you were top of your class last year! So, do your best in this year, too! Ok? Sarah: Yes, teacher. I promise! ... أعدك مي معل لماذا " ?Why did you lie to me" ● أجل،

علي كذبت8- Ali: Mom was so worried about you! Never forget to tell her where you go, right? بشأنك جدا قلقة كانت أمي..... Kamal: But didn't you tell mom that I was just at the cybercafé? مقهى في كنت بأنني والدتي تخبر ألم لكن االنترنت Ali: No, I didn't. I just forgot. I'm sorry for that. . لقد أفعل لم ذلك. نسيتال على آسف 9- Samia: When and where were you born, Kawtar? كوثر يا ولدت أين و متى Kawtar: I was born in 1998 in Lbir Jdid. عام الجديد 1998ولدت البير في

Some spelling rules for the ‘-ed’: امالئية قواعد

● For verbs which end in “e”, add “d” (NOT: ed): prepare prepared ● die died مات ● For verbs which end in “y” preceded by a consonant, change “y” into “i” then add “ed”: tr y tri ed حاول but: y + a vowel no problem! just add “ed”: ► stay stayed ● For one-syllable verbs, if the last three letters are consonant + vowel + consonant: double the last letter, then add “ed”: ► Knit knitted ● scan scanned ● skip skipped ● ban banned منع chatted(If the word is two syllables, and the stress is on the last syllable, we also double the last letter: Prefer preferred ● For verbs ending in”l”, double the “l”, then add: “ed”: Travel travelled سافر

He told me أخبرني He asked me

● Irregular verbs are special cases (exceptions to the rule): ، حفظ علينا يتعين نهايتها هالذا في ed حاالت تعتبر األفعال بعضتأخذ ال فهي خاصة

They don’t follow the “ed” rule! So, we must memorise them and learn them by heart:For example: ► Be was/ were ● Have had ● go went ● do did ● say said قال …………….● find found وجد ● eat ate أكل ● read readقرأ ● get got /على حصل خسر lose lost ● نال

أضاع فقد

Questions and answers: أجوبة أسئلة و  1) Yes/No questions: Short answers: 2) Wh- questions: Answers: – Did you sleep early last night? (+) Yes, I did. – When did you phone me? I phoned you

البارحة- لجأ مبكرا نمت - yesterday evening at about seven. البارحة؟ ليلة را مبك نمت بي؟ .No, I didn’t (–) هل صلت ات متى

Practice

► Exercise n°1: Look at the table and write questions and answers about Mustapha’s weekend:

1) Example : A: Did Mustapha surf the Internet? B: Yes, he

did.

2)

……………………………………………………………………..

3) …………………………………………………………………......

4) …………………………………………………………………......

5) ……………………………………………………………………..

6) ……………………………………………………………………..

► Exercise n°2: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple tense:1) It (be) ………… sunny yesterday. (sunny مشمس rainy ممطر cloudyغائم ● foggy مضبب snowy –windy – stormy) 2) I (want) …………… to travel yesterday but my son (be) ………… still ill. 3) It (rain) ………… heavily in Morocco last week.4) I usually have some bread and a cup of milk for breakfast, but yesterday, I (have) ………… a few dates because I (be) ………… a little bit late for school. تمرات بضع5) A: (you – fast) ……………………… on last Achoura day? عاشوراء يوم في صمت يالماضهل B: Yes, I (do) ………… I (fast) …………… two days: the day of Achoura and the day before! 6) I’m terribly sorry, my dear! I (not/ mean) ………………………… to hurt you! Forgive me, please!7) Hajji (play) ………… the penalty kick and (miss) ………… the goal. So, the team (lose) ………… the game.

► Exercise n°3: Find the questions for these answers:1) A: …………………………………………………………? B: I was absent yesterday because I was sick .2) A: When and where………………………………………….? B: I was born in Taza, in 1994. /ولدت ازددت في3) A: …………………………………………………….…….? B: The exam was very easy! سهال االمتحان كان جدا4) A: What time …………………………………………………? B: I arrived at nine o’clock. 5) A: What ……………………………………………….……….? B: He said: thank you! قال 6) A: ………………………………………………….………? B: No, I did n’t (I didn’t phone you last night ).7) A: …………………………………………………….…….? B: The Second World War finished in 1945.8) A: …………………………………………………….…….? B: Morocco got its independence in 1956.

► Exercise n°4: Now, find the answers   to these questions:

1) A: Was the last exam at French easy or difficult for you? B: …………………………………………………..2) A: Did it rain yesterday in Lbir Jdid? البارحة األمطار هطلت :B هل………………………………………………….3) A: What places did you travel to last summer holiday? B: ………………………………………………………..

Mustapha’s weekend:1. surf the internet 2. read a newspaper 3. visit uncle Brahim 4. eat couscous 5. go shopping 6. play football

What happen ed in 1975? / سنة / وقع حدث حصل ماذا

1975

ill = sick

4) A: When was the Green March? B: ………………………………………………………..

► Exercise n°5: How to pronounce the “ed” (for regular verbs) … There are 3 different sounds: /t/, /d/ and /id/ Put these verbs in the correct column:

Miss – play – want – study – need – wash – fix – travel – cheat – talk – laugh – stop – finish – comb – try – fast – watch – die – answer – arrive – visit – work – climb – prepare – like – use – thank – cook – cry – smile – love – kiss – last – agree – jump – call – lie …

/t/ ت /d/د /id/اد /p/ , /k/ , /f/ , /x/, -sh, -ch, -s, ي /t/ , /d/ missed played wanted

N.B. 1- Who told you this story? القصة بهذه أخبرك عليأخبرني we ask about the subject .  : Ali told me من 2- What did he tell you? أخبرك بـ .we ask about the object : He told me a secret بماذا سرأخبرني

A invented the Internet in 1994South Africa organised the world cup 2010Morocco won the African cup 1975.Morocco will organise the world cup 2014I think it will rain tomorrow.“I will buy you a bike if you succeed this year!” Your father says!

I’m really sorry for what happen ed yesterday!

A: When was the Green March? (in what year?) B: ……………………………………………………

What did he do?Who gave a gift to Amine?Whom did he give the gift to? To whom?Why did he give for what purpose? What’s the wisdom/ reason for which he ………

Who said this news?What did he say? Why did he say it?When did he say it?Where did he say it?How did he say it?Ali gladly gave a gift to his best friend Amine in the café yesterday evening to congratulate him for his BAC success Sadly said this bad news

Note مالحظة What happened   ? حدث ماذاWhat happened? What happened in 1975? in 1956? in 1945? There was a national eventWhat do the following dates remind you of?What did you say?Did you say anything?Why did you let it happen?Why did you laugh?Did you laugh at me?Did you close the door?I didn’t come to school yesterday because I was sickWhere were you?Where did you go?Did you YellBargain

ArgueStayTalk speak say tell go walk runWait tryI was trying to repair the satellite dish

يصدق أال بالصدق جاء ان الكذاب جزاء و

Visit my two facebook pages for you: ● www.facebook.com/sites4bac● www.facebook.com/english4bac

When did you sleep last night ? I sleptDid you fast AchouraDid you close the doorWhat did you have for lunch last Friday? Did you have couscous?We had couscous!

V- Write three actions that you did yesterday and three others you didn’t:

For example: ►Yesterday, I woke up at seven o’clock ► I didn’t call my friend Ali ……………………………………………………………………………………

A: When did Moroccan team win the African cup B: They won the cup in …… It was the only time A: Were you absent yesterday because you were sick? B: Yes, I was.

Did the Moroccan team win any African cupDid you watch yesterday's derby?

Where was he born? in Makkah