PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT

HOW TO USE THE PRESENT HOW TO USE THE PRESENT PERFECTPERFECT

FORM: have / has + Past participle

e.g. I have / He has been to London many times (I´ve been… He´s been …

e.g Has she had her hair cut recently?

e.g We have not bought a new car yet (we haven´t …)

it hasn´t rained for hours

USES OF THE PRESENT USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECTPERFECT

1. To give new information about a 1. To give new information about a recent happeningrecent happening

E.g. I´ve lost my keyE.g. I´ve lost my key

2.To talk about our life experience2.To talk about our life experience

E.g. She´s worked E.g. She´s worked for several firmsfor several firms

E.g. He´s written a E.g. He´s written a lot of bookslot of books

3. It is used with JUST (a short time 3. It is used with JUST (a short time ago)ago)

Have/has + just + Have/has + just + Past ParticiplePast Participle

4. It is used with FOR and SINCE 4. It is used with FOR and SINCE to say how long something has to say how long something has

been happeningbeen happening FOR- period of timeFOR- period of time SINCE- when the SINCE- when the

action startedaction started

E.g He´s worked E.g He´s worked since he left schoolsince he left school

E.g They´ve livedE.g They´ve lived here since 2007 here since 2007 How long has he How long has he

lived here? lived here?

5. It is used with ALREADY and 5. It is used with ALREADY and YETYET

e.g Has he done the e.g Has he done the washing up yet?washing up yet?

-He´s already done it-He´s already done it-He hasn´t done it yet-He hasn´t done it yete.g Has he taken the e.g Has he taken the

rubbish out?rubbish out?-He´s already taken -He´s already taken

……- He hasn´t taken …- He hasn´t taken …

ALREADYALREADY have/has + already have/has + already

++Past participlePast participle YETYETIt comes at the end It comes at the end

of the sentenceof the sentence

6. EVER / NEVER are often used 6. EVER / NEVER are often used with the present perfectwith the present perfect

E.g Have you ever eaten caviar?E.g Have you ever eaten caviar? No, I´ve never eaten caviarNo, I´ve never eaten caviar Has he ever been on holiday?Has he ever been on holiday? No, he´s never been on holidayNo, he´s never been on holiday

7. With the expression: This is / It´s 7. With the expression: This is / It´s the first /second time …the first /second time …

E.g This is the first time I´ve been to ChinaE.g This is the first time I´ve been to China

8. It is used after a Superlative8. It is used after a Superlative E.g He´s the tallest E.g He´s the tallest

man they´ve have man they´ve have seen seen

She ´s the shortest She ´s the shortest woman Mary has woman Mary has metmet

9. It is used with periods of time 9. It is used with periods of time that are not finished at the time of that are not finished at the time of

speaking.speaking. E.g Today, this week, this month E.g Today, this week, this month