Quick Recap

MODERN ENGLISH

PERIOD OF MODERN ENGLISH

• Started in 18th century • Continues till now

• Also known as Late Modern English

INTRODUCTION

• The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern

English is

Vocabulary

Two Main Factors

• The rise of technology – Industrial Revolution• Growth of the British Empire

Due to these principal factors, the Modern English language is very rich and flexible.

BRITISH EMPIRE • Britain was an Empire for 200 years between 18th to

20th centuries.

• English language continued to change as the British Empire moved across the world.

• To USA, Australia, New Zealand, India, Asia and Africa.

• The expansion of British Empire 19th century and growing superpower status of the US in 20th century.

• They sent people to settle and live in their conquered places as settlers interacted with natives, new words were added to English Vocabulary.

• For example: ‘kangaroo’ and ‘boomerang’ are native Australian Aborigine words, ‘juggernaut’ and ‘turban’ came from India.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION• Before the industrial revolution everything was

hand made.• England began the IR in the 18th century and

this had an affect on the development of the language as new words had to be invented.

• Existing words were added to the vocabulary as inventors designed various products and machinery.

• Trains, engine, pulleys, combustion, electricity, telephone, camera, etc

• were named after the inventor.

MOVIE TIME

• http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/videos

• The IR influenced the English language as new ideas and contraptions were being invented, along with a range of new fields of people could work in.

• English started to become an International Language at this point.

• New varieties such as American English and Indian English began to form.

• Cultural issues at this time included women’s and children’s rights.

WHAT HAPPENED ?

18TH CENTURY

KEY DATESYEAR WHAT HAPPENED?

1820/’40 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1800 EXPANSION OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE BRINGS OTHER WORDS INTO OUR LANGUAGE AS WELL AS TAKING ENGLISH WORDS INTO THE OTHERS.

1828 WEBSTER PUBLISHES BOOKS ON GRAMMAR, CREATING STANDARDS FOR GRAMMAR AS WELL AS SPELLING.

KEY FEATURES OF MODERN ENGLISH

• Spelling became much more consistent and standardised.

• Regional differences in language lessened.• Quality of education, literacy, and

communication meant English become more standardised as a whole.

• Newly coined words were used more heavily and quickly.

• Use of auxiliary verbs became more mandatory in interrogative sentence.

• Archaic possessive pronouns were still in use in earlier.

19TH CENTURY

KEY DATES DATES WHAT HAPPENED ??

1914-1918 WORLD WAR 1

1922 BBC FOUNDED

1928 OXFORD ENGLISH DICTONARY

1939-1945 WORLD WAR 2

1961 WEBSTER’s THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY IS PUBLISHED

1988 THE INTERNET IS RELEASED TO THE PUBLIC

1994 TEXT MESSAGING IS INTRODUCED AND THE FIRST MODERN BLOGS GO ONLINE

2006 TWITTER IS FORMED

LATE MODERN ENGLISH• Text speak such as ‘lol’ and ‘omg’ has filtered through

everyday usage, including spoken language.• The internet, texting, new gadgets, tablets and smart

phones come with entirely new lexical sets as well as jargon and specialised language.

• Books become more cheaper and more people learned to read.

• The importance of belief and religion has lessened.• Attitudes towards females and sexuality slowly shifting. • World wars, terrorism and environmental threats also

impact values and attitudes in society.• We have standard spelling and grammar systems.• Acronyms have become a normal part of language.• Grammar rules can be flouted more easily.• ENGLISH is now very much a global language, with many

influences and new words being created constantly.

MAJOR INFLUENCES • The media • Technology• Social media and communication• Traveling and migration • Texting • Jargon and slang• Education

BORROWED WORDS• Latin gave English words like – o Street, kitchen, kettle, cup, cheese, wine,

etc..• The Vikings added many Norse words-o Sky, egg, cake, skin, leg, window, wind, eye

• Celtic words were also survived mainly in place and river names-

o Devon, Doven, Kent, Trent, Severn, Avon, Thames…

• Many pairs of English and Norse words coexisted giving us two words with the same meaning or slightly differing meaning.

NORSE ENGLISH

ANGER WRATH

NAY NO

FRO FROM

ILL SICK

SKIRT SHIRT

• French became the language of the Norman Aristocracy and added more vocabulary to English.

FRENCH ENGLISH

CLOSE SHUT

ODOUR SMELL

ANNUALY YEARLY

CHAMBER ROOM

• Spanish also had an influence on American

English and subsequently British

English, with words like canyon, ranch,

stampede, and vigilante being example of

spanning words that entered English through

the settlement of the American West.

• French words through Louisiana and West

African words through the slave trade also

influenced American English and so to an

extent British English.

VARITIES OF ENGLISH

• Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology and also including internet.

• But there are other type of English around the world, for example Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English.

Lastly….• English continues to

change and develop, with hundreds of new words arriving every year.

• But even with all the borrowing from many other languages the heart of the English language remains the Anglo-Saxon of Old English.

THANK YOU EVERYONE

By: BAKIYAGANESAN