Preparing for Babyhffo.cuna.org/download/2623_turningpoint.pdfTurning Points 3 Preparing for Baby...
Transcript of Preparing for Babyhffo.cuna.org/download/2623_turningpoint.pdfTurning Points 3 Preparing for Baby...
T u r n i n g thinspp o i n T s thinspn
Preparing for Baby
Turning Points 2 Preparing for Baby
Questionsn What should we do first
n How can we afford a baby
n Will health insurance cover the birth
n What kind of leave will we get
n Does FMLA protect my job
n Can I use short-term disability insurance for maternity leave
n How do I add my baby to my health insurance
n Does a flex plan help cover child-care expenses
n What are the other tax benefits of having a child
n Do we need a will
n Do I need a Social Security number for my baby
n Do we need life insurance
n Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differently
n How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college education
Having a baby is a big step in a relationship
Itrsquos usually a time of great joy hope and
excitement For many though itrsquos also a time
of uncertainty and anxiety Yet before you
grapple with decisions about going back to
work adding insurance or starting college
funds take a close look at your household
finances
What should we do firstIf yoursquore already having baby budget blues
(and even if yoursquore not) you need to do three
things before baby arrives Spend less save
more and pay down debt These steps not
only will increase your net worth theyrsquoll
also ease the transition to one income if you
or your spouse plan to stay home with the
baby or the transition to reduced income if
you will pay for child care
Increasing your net worth also positions you
better to handle the unexpected expenses
that crop up when you have children says
Adele Brady Bolson a certified public
accountant (CPA) in Bellevue Wash
And things always crop up Visits to the
emergency room and even an unexpected
car repair could throw you for a loop when
money is tight if you donrsquot have a rainy-day
fund
How can we afford a babyTherersquos an old adage that if everyone waited
until they could afford children no one
would have them Many expectant parents
worry about the impact a baby will have on
their finances many fear that they will not
be able to adjust their lifestyles to fit their
reduced income and yet many make the
transition
While the costs of gear clothing and diapers
and food and formula are not insignificant
the real impact on your budget comes not
from spending more but from earning less
Unless you have a family member who plans
to care for your baby at little or no cost you
either will lose an entire income if one parent
stays home or pay a large monthly sum for
child care if both parents return to work
Consider the net income you would lose
if one parent stayed home Bolson says
couples often overestimate the impact of
losing a salary because they look at gross
income not after-tax take-home dollars
Factor in any incidental costs of working
including gas for commuting lunches eaten
out clothing and dry-cleaning bills higher
taxes and any other work-related expenses
to calculate the true impact of a second
salary
If both parents plan to go back to work then
you know that your budget must absorb set
Get a Head Start With Financial Baby Talk
by Jennifer Garrett
Turning Points 3 Preparing for Baby
child-care costs Those should be fairly easy
to determine You can call child-care centers
nanny agencies and in-home child-care
providers (often listed in classifieds or in
listings compiled by local licensing agencies)
to inquire about fees
Of course there also is all the stuff you need
to buy In addition to the crib car seat and
stroller there are monthly expenses such
as diapers and possibly formula that add
up quickly Lifestyle trade-offs like cooking
at home instead of ordering take-out
borrowing DVDs from the library instead of
renting and borrowing or buying used baby
gear and clothing can offset some of the
increased costs associated with a baby
Second-hand stores and online classifieds
like craigslist also are good resources
for frugal parents For big items Bolson
recommends shopping for safety over
style For example she says a safe car
seat (the American Academy of Pediatrics
recommends avoiding buying used car seats
if you donrsquot know the seatrsquos history) should
be a priority but a totally redecorated
nursery with expensive furniture and
bedding isnrsquot Donrsquot confuse what you want
with what you need
If the math doesnrsquot quite add up make an
appointment with a financial planner CPA
or other adviser who can walk you through
various tax deductions and other savings
opportunities that might make your budget
more workable A budget counselor at your
credit union also may be able to help
Sometimes adjusting withholdings and
considering flex-spending options can make
the difference If you canrsquot see how to make
it work and you still want a baby you might
need to look at cutting fixed expenses
such as mortgages or car loans by moving
to a less expensive house or driving more
modest vehicles
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising
your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online
ldquoCost of Raising Your Childrdquo calculator
Will health insurance cover the birthItrsquos best to know what kind of coverage you
have before you get pregnant Some plans
might not cover prenatal care in which
case you might want to explore taking out
a supplemental policy that does But you
have to do it before yoursquore pregnant or the
pregnancy most likely will be considered a
pre-existing condition and will be excluded
So make an appointment with your
benefits specialist or HR (human resources)
representative If your insurance is through
your spousersquos employer and yoursquore
uncomfortable contacting someone at that
workplace call the number on the back of
your insurance card and speak directly with
the carrier Or visit the carrierrsquos Web site
Seattle HR consultant Jenny Broome says
most carriers have a wealth of information
online ldquoYou can get online and you can
put your group number in and you can look
at your particular plan and surf to what
you needrdquo Broome says ldquoItrsquos all about
knowledge and knowing where to go to get
the information you needrdquo
What kind of leave will we getMaternity and paternity leave varies from
company to company and state to state
Broome points out that for example
California offers up to six weeks of paid
leave Microsoft provides employees with
four weeks of maternity and paternity leave
For most individuals leave is a combination
of accrued personal vacation and sick time
along with disability insurance any state
benefits and unpaid time off So ask at work
about what is available and make sure you
understand what is paid and what is unpaid
If you get health insurance through your
employer and you go on unpaid leave
ask about how premiums are paid in your
absence
Family expenditures on a child by single-parent and husband-wife households 2009
Singe parent $149760
Husband-wife $160410
Source United States Agriculture DepartmentmdashCenter for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Turning Points 4 Preparing for Baby
Does FMLA protect my jobIf you work for an employer with more than
50 employees and have worked at the
company for at least one year your employer
must allow you to take up to 12 weeks of
leave according to the Family Medical Leave
Act (FMLA) You will probably have to cobble
that together with vacation and sick time
plus unpaid leave but your employer cannot
terminate or otherwise penalize you for taking
the full 12 weeks to bond with your baby
Can I use short-term disability insurance for maternity leaveA new birth mother generally can use short-
term disability insurance if she has it Short-
term disability insurance replaces part of
your income while yoursquore on leave Some
employers offer it and you can elect to carry
it independently in which case yoursquoll pay
a monthly premium Some states such as
California offer it as well Coverage typically
lasts around six weeks but some plans run
longer Complications or C-section births can
extend coverage as well
Since coverage varies in both amount
and duration review your policy before
getting pregnant If you find your coverage
insufficient you may want to add a
supplemental policy Requirements for using
the insurance also vary with some plans
requiring you to exhaust vacation and sick
leave before tapping in to your insurance
benefit Others have waiting periods and
require that you be away from work for a
defined period of time before drawing the
benefit
In most instances fathers and adoptive
parents cannot use short-term disability
insurance for any of their paternity or
maternity leave notes Kevin Jacobs
assistant vice chancellor for human
resources at the University of Colorado-
Denver The ldquodisabilityrdquo stems from having
given birth and therefore only applies to
biological mothers
Your employerrsquos HR representative might
not offer information about supplemental
insurance plans so be proactive and contact
an insurance agent on your own if yoursquore
serious about adding short-term disability
coverage Just because your employer
doesnrsquot offer it doesnrsquot mean you canrsquot get it
How do I add my baby to my health insuranceCoverage usually is retroactive to birth as
long as you add the child to the policy within
the required time frame (usually 30 or 31
days but the time is specific to your plan)
Some plans require that you notify your
employermdashif you have employer-sponsored
health caremdashand your insurance company
If you miss your deadline insurance wonrsquot
cover the babyrsquos expenses and yoursquoll have to
wait until open enrollment to enroll the baby
Jacobs cautions parents from assuming a
Estimated annual expenditures on children born in 2009 by income group overall United States
Income group
Year Age Lowest Middle Highest
2009 lt1 $8570 $11700 $19410
2010 1 8810 12030 19950
2011 2 9050 12360 20510
2012 3 9370 12740 21080
2013 4 9630 13090 21670
2014 5 9900 13460 22270
2015 6 9830 13740 22860
2016 7 10100 14120 23500
2017 8 10380 14520 24150
2018 9 11580 15910 25920
2019 10 11900 16350 26640
2020 11 12240 16810 27380
2021 12 13150 18210 29930
2022 13 13510 18720 30760
2023 14 13890 19240 31620
2024 15 14280 20440 35020
2025 16 14680 21010 36000
2026 17 15090 21600 37010
Total $205960 $286050 $475680
Estimates are for the younger child in husband-wife families with two children and assume an average annual inflation rate of 279 percent
Source United States Agriculture DepartmentmdashCenter for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Turning Points 5 Preparing for Baby
fax or e-mail transmission went through and
instead recommends calling to confirm that
the child is enrolled
Does a flex plan help cover child-care expensesMany employers offer flex plans that allow
you to set aside pre-tax dollars (per child)
to spend on qualified child-care expenses
Child-care centers and preschools usually
qualify In-home providers will too as long
as they report the income
If you choose not to use flex spending you
can take the amount for child-care expenses
as a tax deduction but financial planners
like Kathy Longo who works in Edina Minn
prefer flex spending because it keeps the
income off the tax return altogether and
allows the parents to incorporate the money
into monthly budgets
Yoursquoll have to fill out paperwork to start a
flex account and the required forms and
procedures vary from employer to employer
Many parents will spend money faster than
their accounts build up and reimbursements
will be spread out over the entire year even
if they spend all the money within the first
five months
Be careful when estimating child-care
expenses If you estimate too high and donrsquot
spend what you thought you would on child
care yoursquoll still be out the full amount placed
in the flexible spending account
What are the other tax benefits of having a childParents generally are eligible for a tax
deduction for each of their children Check
the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) Web site
for deduction amounts and gross income
qualifications Adoptive parents generally
may claim an additional credit as well
Do we need a willYes A will ensures proper transfer of your
assets and more important minimizes
the stress and disruption for your children
if both you and your spouse die
Without a will relatives could
disagree over where children
should go even if you
had verbal agreements
or understanding with
all family members
involved In that case
the child could end
up in foster care
until the court
settles the matter
One will can cover both parents but itrsquos
not a good idea says Indiana probate
attorney Arlene Kline (who calls joint wills
ldquouncommonrdquo and ldquodangerousrdquo) When one
spouse dies a joint will locks the other
spouse into the terms If a spouse dies very
young that means the
surviving spouse could
never change the will
even if life circumstances
change dramatically for
example the surviving
spouse remarries Itrsquos better
to have a will for each parent
and the wills should have
identical provisions in case both
parents die
Choosing a legal guardian for your childrenWhen creating a will one of the most challenging steps can be designating a guardian to take care of your children if you and your spouse die
Indiana probate attorney Arlene Kline advises parents to consider many factors when naming a physical guardian Grandparents often are a natural choice since they frequently maintain the closest relationships with your children However they may not feel able or be willing to raise children during their retirement Also factor in geography Itrsquos incredibly traumatic for a child to lose her parents but even worse if she has to move across the country and away from friends and a familiar school to live with relatives
Regardless Kline recommends discussing the matter with whomever you would like to name as guardians so they arenrsquot taken by surprise if something happens to you
Also keep in mind that laws vary from state to state In Indiana a judge does not have to appoint the guardian you name in your will Some individuals are legally ineligiblemdashagain in Indiana no one ever convicted of a felony can serve as a guardian So Kline suggests asking and naming secondary and tertiary choices in case your first pick declines or is deemed ineligible
Sometimes the guardian of your children and the trustee of your testamentary trust (or guardian of your estate) is the same person but you donrsquot have to do it that way Kline says If a brother is great with kids but terrible with money you can designate your shrewd aunt to handle the finances and let the two relatives work things out as they go
Turning Points 6 Preparing for Baby
Kline recommends waiting until the baby is
born before drafting the will Most states
recognize provisions that cover future
children but your will can be much more
specific about how your assets pass and
then are managed if you wait until you have
a name and Social Security number for your
child
Wills cover a lot of ground and each covers
unique assets and personal territory
However Kline says a will has two specific
purposes with respect to young children
1 The first is to name a guardian for the
children This guardian is the person who
will house feed shelter nurture educate
and otherwise raise your child should
something happen to both parents
2 The second purpose is to designate which
of your assets will pass to your child and
how they will be managed
The cost of drawing up a will varies
Working with an attorney can cost anywhere
from a few hundred to a few thousand
dollars depending on your market and the
complexity of your wills
Do I need a Social Security number for my babyNo You donrsquot have to apply for a Social
Security number (SSN) However most
parents do because you need one to claim
child-related tax deductions and credits to
add the child to your health plan to open
investment vehicles like 529 plans or to
purchase US savings bonds
If you give birth in a hospital chances are
that the hospital will give you (the mother)
a birth registration form Just check the
box to indicate that you want an SSN for
your baby Yoursquoll have to provide SSNs for
both parents to complete the form but the
hospital usually will process it with the rest of
your paperwork Once the card is issued the
Social Security Administration (SSA) will mail
it to the address you provided on the form
If you didnrsquot apply for a Social Security
card in the hospital then you can get a
card from the SSA Form SS-5 is available
online In most cases all you have to do is
print it fill it out and mail it in In some
cases you may need to take the application
to a local Social Security office or a Social
Security Card Center if one serves your area
Visit socialsecuritygov to find local office
addresses and phone numbers Be sure to
determine if you need to file in person before
you mail off the form as mistakes can delay
the process
If yoursquore adopting domestically and the baby
or child does not have an SSN you can apply
for one at any time even if the adoption is
not complete However the Social Security
Administration recommends waiting until
the adoption is complete so
that you can use the childrsquos
new name However
you can fill out Form
W-7A (Application
for Taxpayer
Identification
Number for Pending
US Adoptions)
while the adoption
is pending if you want
to claim the child for tax
purposes
If yoursquore adopting internationally you must
wait until the adoption is complete and the
child has entered the country
Do we need life insuranceFor most couples this definitely is a
question of what type of life insurance to
buy and not whether to get any Regardless
of whether just one or both of you will be
working when the baby arrives consider
how each spouse would manage if the
other passes away In most cases even
the nonworking spouse should be insured
While he or she may not have an income the
working spouse would have to cover child-
care expenses if the at-home parent were no
longer available to care for the child
The actual dollar amount of life insurance
yoursquoll need depends on individual
circumstances To come up with a reliable
What about disability insuranceMany couples overlook disability insurance Perhaps they assume disability insurance that an employer provides is adequate or they donrsquot consider the possibility that injury or
illness will prevent one of them from working or fulfilling
household duties Kevin Simpson manager of life and health product marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which provides insurance and financial services
to credit unions and their members) Waverly Iowa
says disability insurance is a critical component of a sound
financial plan He explains that parents of young children are more likely to become disabled than they are to die and disability often causes greater financial hardship for families than does the death of a spouse
Disability insurance is either short term or long term Many employers offer one or both but coverage may not be what you want or need Review what you have and discuss with an adviser what kind of additional coverage would be sensible
Turning Points 7 Preparing for Baby
figure meet with a financial adviser to
review your income expenses and any
educational goals or plans for your children
Factor in monthly mortgage auto loan
student loan and other debt payments
Consider other monthly payments including
food clothing utilities entertainment
insurance premiums and so on Donrsquot forget
annual real estate taxes
Yoursquoll also have to consider types of life
insurance Termthinsplifethinspinsurance is less
expensive while wholethinsplifethinspinsurance
accumulates cash value over time For young
families on a budget term insurance often
makes the most sense However Kevin
Simpson manager of life and health product
marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which
provides insurance and financial services to
credit unions and their members) Waverly
Iowa recommends exploring options with
an adviser as many carriers offer convertible
policies and other choices beyond the simple
term and whole life options
Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differentlyOnce adopted legally a child is treated the
same as any biological children However itrsquos
often during the period between placement
and when the adoption is finalized that
parents may encounter trouble says Chicago
adoption attorney Kathleen Hogan Morrison
Check health-insurance policies to see how
and when they begin coverage Morrison
advises Some extend coverage from date
of birth but others require proof of a
placement agreement a court order or other
documentation She also notes that ERISA
(Employee Retirement Income Security Act)
protects adopted children in that if your
health insurance would cover a biological
child it also must cover an adopted child
Maternity and paternity leave can be tricky
as well Morrison says Short-term disability
is not available to adoptive parents While
FMLA may offer the opportunity for unpaid
leave some employers are not governed by
the act Others simply donrsquot treat adoptive
parents the same way they do biological
parents
The bottom line Know your rights know
your policies and advocate for yourself and
your child
How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college educationAny kind of savings account or vehicle will
work Bolson says but education-specific
investments often offer desirable tax
advantages
There are two main ways to save for a childrsquos
education The Coverdell Education Savings
Account (ESA) and a 529 plan
Bolson likes Coverdell ESAs which can be
opened at almost any credit union and tend
to have more flexible investment options and
lower fees than 529 plans Contributions are
not tax-deductible but earnings grow tax-
free You can use funds for any educational
expense such as private high-school tuition
whereas 529 plans are just for college-level
education However Coverdell Accounts
also have lower contribution limits than 529
plans
Longo likes the 529 plans because she says
they offer the most tax advantages ldquoThe
money in there will grow tax freerdquo she says
ldquoWhen you take it out all of those earnings
come out tax freerdquo
There are other types of vehicles to use for
saving for college as well such as Roth IRAs
custodial accounts and trusts Talk to the
professionals at your credit union or your
financial planner for more information
You can begin building your education
nest egg at any time but you need a Social
Security number and name for 529 plans
and some other investments You can always
start the plans naming another child as a
beneficiary but yoursquod have to amend the
plan once your child is born Itrsquos easier to
wait until the birth
You can save as much you want in various
savings vehicles but most of the education-
specific savings options have limits
Longo cautions parents from
overcontributing college funds at the
expense of other needs ldquoYou can borrow
for college but you canrsquot borrow for
retirementrdquo she says noting that 529 plans
have stiff penalties for early withdrawals for
unqualified expenses ldquoMake sure you have
both [retirement and college] covered before
you start putting everything into the college
fundrdquo
How much does it cost to adopt a babyAdoption fees vary widely and itrsquos hard to pinpoint a figure However according to data
from Adoptive Families magazine nearly half of domestic newborn adoptions cost less
than $20000 and the majority cost less than $25000 Alternately more than 75 of
international adoptions cost more than $20000
If you need help with these expenses talk to a loan officer at your credit union
For more information about the costs and details associated with adoption visit
theadoptionguidecom
Turning Points 8 Preparing for Baby
Useful resources
copy2009 Credit Union National Association the trade association for credit unions in the US
babycentercom has a wealth of information on all things baby from finances to formula to friendship and beyond
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online ldquoCostthinspofthinspraisingthinspYourthinspChildrdquothinspcalculator
www360financialliteracyorg a consumer finance Web site published by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants offers
money-saving strategies for families at all stages
Visit the US Labor Departmentrsquos ldquoLifethinspChangesthinsprequirethinspHealththinspChoicesthinspKnowthinspYourthinspBenefitthinspoptionsrdquo for pregnancy childbirth and
adoption information
Parentsregthinspmagazine offers advice about money matters when raising kids
Turning Points 2 Preparing for Baby
Questionsn What should we do first
n How can we afford a baby
n Will health insurance cover the birth
n What kind of leave will we get
n Does FMLA protect my job
n Can I use short-term disability insurance for maternity leave
n How do I add my baby to my health insurance
n Does a flex plan help cover child-care expenses
n What are the other tax benefits of having a child
n Do we need a will
n Do I need a Social Security number for my baby
n Do we need life insurance
n Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differently
n How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college education
Having a baby is a big step in a relationship
Itrsquos usually a time of great joy hope and
excitement For many though itrsquos also a time
of uncertainty and anxiety Yet before you
grapple with decisions about going back to
work adding insurance or starting college
funds take a close look at your household
finances
What should we do firstIf yoursquore already having baby budget blues
(and even if yoursquore not) you need to do three
things before baby arrives Spend less save
more and pay down debt These steps not
only will increase your net worth theyrsquoll
also ease the transition to one income if you
or your spouse plan to stay home with the
baby or the transition to reduced income if
you will pay for child care
Increasing your net worth also positions you
better to handle the unexpected expenses
that crop up when you have children says
Adele Brady Bolson a certified public
accountant (CPA) in Bellevue Wash
And things always crop up Visits to the
emergency room and even an unexpected
car repair could throw you for a loop when
money is tight if you donrsquot have a rainy-day
fund
How can we afford a babyTherersquos an old adage that if everyone waited
until they could afford children no one
would have them Many expectant parents
worry about the impact a baby will have on
their finances many fear that they will not
be able to adjust their lifestyles to fit their
reduced income and yet many make the
transition
While the costs of gear clothing and diapers
and food and formula are not insignificant
the real impact on your budget comes not
from spending more but from earning less
Unless you have a family member who plans
to care for your baby at little or no cost you
either will lose an entire income if one parent
stays home or pay a large monthly sum for
child care if both parents return to work
Consider the net income you would lose
if one parent stayed home Bolson says
couples often overestimate the impact of
losing a salary because they look at gross
income not after-tax take-home dollars
Factor in any incidental costs of working
including gas for commuting lunches eaten
out clothing and dry-cleaning bills higher
taxes and any other work-related expenses
to calculate the true impact of a second
salary
If both parents plan to go back to work then
you know that your budget must absorb set
Get a Head Start With Financial Baby Talk
by Jennifer Garrett
Turning Points 3 Preparing for Baby
child-care costs Those should be fairly easy
to determine You can call child-care centers
nanny agencies and in-home child-care
providers (often listed in classifieds or in
listings compiled by local licensing agencies)
to inquire about fees
Of course there also is all the stuff you need
to buy In addition to the crib car seat and
stroller there are monthly expenses such
as diapers and possibly formula that add
up quickly Lifestyle trade-offs like cooking
at home instead of ordering take-out
borrowing DVDs from the library instead of
renting and borrowing or buying used baby
gear and clothing can offset some of the
increased costs associated with a baby
Second-hand stores and online classifieds
like craigslist also are good resources
for frugal parents For big items Bolson
recommends shopping for safety over
style For example she says a safe car
seat (the American Academy of Pediatrics
recommends avoiding buying used car seats
if you donrsquot know the seatrsquos history) should
be a priority but a totally redecorated
nursery with expensive furniture and
bedding isnrsquot Donrsquot confuse what you want
with what you need
If the math doesnrsquot quite add up make an
appointment with a financial planner CPA
or other adviser who can walk you through
various tax deductions and other savings
opportunities that might make your budget
more workable A budget counselor at your
credit union also may be able to help
Sometimes adjusting withholdings and
considering flex-spending options can make
the difference If you canrsquot see how to make
it work and you still want a baby you might
need to look at cutting fixed expenses
such as mortgages or car loans by moving
to a less expensive house or driving more
modest vehicles
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising
your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online
ldquoCost of Raising Your Childrdquo calculator
Will health insurance cover the birthItrsquos best to know what kind of coverage you
have before you get pregnant Some plans
might not cover prenatal care in which
case you might want to explore taking out
a supplemental policy that does But you
have to do it before yoursquore pregnant or the
pregnancy most likely will be considered a
pre-existing condition and will be excluded
So make an appointment with your
benefits specialist or HR (human resources)
representative If your insurance is through
your spousersquos employer and yoursquore
uncomfortable contacting someone at that
workplace call the number on the back of
your insurance card and speak directly with
the carrier Or visit the carrierrsquos Web site
Seattle HR consultant Jenny Broome says
most carriers have a wealth of information
online ldquoYou can get online and you can
put your group number in and you can look
at your particular plan and surf to what
you needrdquo Broome says ldquoItrsquos all about
knowledge and knowing where to go to get
the information you needrdquo
What kind of leave will we getMaternity and paternity leave varies from
company to company and state to state
Broome points out that for example
California offers up to six weeks of paid
leave Microsoft provides employees with
four weeks of maternity and paternity leave
For most individuals leave is a combination
of accrued personal vacation and sick time
along with disability insurance any state
benefits and unpaid time off So ask at work
about what is available and make sure you
understand what is paid and what is unpaid
If you get health insurance through your
employer and you go on unpaid leave
ask about how premiums are paid in your
absence
Family expenditures on a child by single-parent and husband-wife households 2009
Singe parent $149760
Husband-wife $160410
Source United States Agriculture DepartmentmdashCenter for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Turning Points 4 Preparing for Baby
Does FMLA protect my jobIf you work for an employer with more than
50 employees and have worked at the
company for at least one year your employer
must allow you to take up to 12 weeks of
leave according to the Family Medical Leave
Act (FMLA) You will probably have to cobble
that together with vacation and sick time
plus unpaid leave but your employer cannot
terminate or otherwise penalize you for taking
the full 12 weeks to bond with your baby
Can I use short-term disability insurance for maternity leaveA new birth mother generally can use short-
term disability insurance if she has it Short-
term disability insurance replaces part of
your income while yoursquore on leave Some
employers offer it and you can elect to carry
it independently in which case yoursquoll pay
a monthly premium Some states such as
California offer it as well Coverage typically
lasts around six weeks but some plans run
longer Complications or C-section births can
extend coverage as well
Since coverage varies in both amount
and duration review your policy before
getting pregnant If you find your coverage
insufficient you may want to add a
supplemental policy Requirements for using
the insurance also vary with some plans
requiring you to exhaust vacation and sick
leave before tapping in to your insurance
benefit Others have waiting periods and
require that you be away from work for a
defined period of time before drawing the
benefit
In most instances fathers and adoptive
parents cannot use short-term disability
insurance for any of their paternity or
maternity leave notes Kevin Jacobs
assistant vice chancellor for human
resources at the University of Colorado-
Denver The ldquodisabilityrdquo stems from having
given birth and therefore only applies to
biological mothers
Your employerrsquos HR representative might
not offer information about supplemental
insurance plans so be proactive and contact
an insurance agent on your own if yoursquore
serious about adding short-term disability
coverage Just because your employer
doesnrsquot offer it doesnrsquot mean you canrsquot get it
How do I add my baby to my health insuranceCoverage usually is retroactive to birth as
long as you add the child to the policy within
the required time frame (usually 30 or 31
days but the time is specific to your plan)
Some plans require that you notify your
employermdashif you have employer-sponsored
health caremdashand your insurance company
If you miss your deadline insurance wonrsquot
cover the babyrsquos expenses and yoursquoll have to
wait until open enrollment to enroll the baby
Jacobs cautions parents from assuming a
Estimated annual expenditures on children born in 2009 by income group overall United States
Income group
Year Age Lowest Middle Highest
2009 lt1 $8570 $11700 $19410
2010 1 8810 12030 19950
2011 2 9050 12360 20510
2012 3 9370 12740 21080
2013 4 9630 13090 21670
2014 5 9900 13460 22270
2015 6 9830 13740 22860
2016 7 10100 14120 23500
2017 8 10380 14520 24150
2018 9 11580 15910 25920
2019 10 11900 16350 26640
2020 11 12240 16810 27380
2021 12 13150 18210 29930
2022 13 13510 18720 30760
2023 14 13890 19240 31620
2024 15 14280 20440 35020
2025 16 14680 21010 36000
2026 17 15090 21600 37010
Total $205960 $286050 $475680
Estimates are for the younger child in husband-wife families with two children and assume an average annual inflation rate of 279 percent
Source United States Agriculture DepartmentmdashCenter for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Turning Points 5 Preparing for Baby
fax or e-mail transmission went through and
instead recommends calling to confirm that
the child is enrolled
Does a flex plan help cover child-care expensesMany employers offer flex plans that allow
you to set aside pre-tax dollars (per child)
to spend on qualified child-care expenses
Child-care centers and preschools usually
qualify In-home providers will too as long
as they report the income
If you choose not to use flex spending you
can take the amount for child-care expenses
as a tax deduction but financial planners
like Kathy Longo who works in Edina Minn
prefer flex spending because it keeps the
income off the tax return altogether and
allows the parents to incorporate the money
into monthly budgets
Yoursquoll have to fill out paperwork to start a
flex account and the required forms and
procedures vary from employer to employer
Many parents will spend money faster than
their accounts build up and reimbursements
will be spread out over the entire year even
if they spend all the money within the first
five months
Be careful when estimating child-care
expenses If you estimate too high and donrsquot
spend what you thought you would on child
care yoursquoll still be out the full amount placed
in the flexible spending account
What are the other tax benefits of having a childParents generally are eligible for a tax
deduction for each of their children Check
the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) Web site
for deduction amounts and gross income
qualifications Adoptive parents generally
may claim an additional credit as well
Do we need a willYes A will ensures proper transfer of your
assets and more important minimizes
the stress and disruption for your children
if both you and your spouse die
Without a will relatives could
disagree over where children
should go even if you
had verbal agreements
or understanding with
all family members
involved In that case
the child could end
up in foster care
until the court
settles the matter
One will can cover both parents but itrsquos
not a good idea says Indiana probate
attorney Arlene Kline (who calls joint wills
ldquouncommonrdquo and ldquodangerousrdquo) When one
spouse dies a joint will locks the other
spouse into the terms If a spouse dies very
young that means the
surviving spouse could
never change the will
even if life circumstances
change dramatically for
example the surviving
spouse remarries Itrsquos better
to have a will for each parent
and the wills should have
identical provisions in case both
parents die
Choosing a legal guardian for your childrenWhen creating a will one of the most challenging steps can be designating a guardian to take care of your children if you and your spouse die
Indiana probate attorney Arlene Kline advises parents to consider many factors when naming a physical guardian Grandparents often are a natural choice since they frequently maintain the closest relationships with your children However they may not feel able or be willing to raise children during their retirement Also factor in geography Itrsquos incredibly traumatic for a child to lose her parents but even worse if she has to move across the country and away from friends and a familiar school to live with relatives
Regardless Kline recommends discussing the matter with whomever you would like to name as guardians so they arenrsquot taken by surprise if something happens to you
Also keep in mind that laws vary from state to state In Indiana a judge does not have to appoint the guardian you name in your will Some individuals are legally ineligiblemdashagain in Indiana no one ever convicted of a felony can serve as a guardian So Kline suggests asking and naming secondary and tertiary choices in case your first pick declines or is deemed ineligible
Sometimes the guardian of your children and the trustee of your testamentary trust (or guardian of your estate) is the same person but you donrsquot have to do it that way Kline says If a brother is great with kids but terrible with money you can designate your shrewd aunt to handle the finances and let the two relatives work things out as they go
Turning Points 6 Preparing for Baby
Kline recommends waiting until the baby is
born before drafting the will Most states
recognize provisions that cover future
children but your will can be much more
specific about how your assets pass and
then are managed if you wait until you have
a name and Social Security number for your
child
Wills cover a lot of ground and each covers
unique assets and personal territory
However Kline says a will has two specific
purposes with respect to young children
1 The first is to name a guardian for the
children This guardian is the person who
will house feed shelter nurture educate
and otherwise raise your child should
something happen to both parents
2 The second purpose is to designate which
of your assets will pass to your child and
how they will be managed
The cost of drawing up a will varies
Working with an attorney can cost anywhere
from a few hundred to a few thousand
dollars depending on your market and the
complexity of your wills
Do I need a Social Security number for my babyNo You donrsquot have to apply for a Social
Security number (SSN) However most
parents do because you need one to claim
child-related tax deductions and credits to
add the child to your health plan to open
investment vehicles like 529 plans or to
purchase US savings bonds
If you give birth in a hospital chances are
that the hospital will give you (the mother)
a birth registration form Just check the
box to indicate that you want an SSN for
your baby Yoursquoll have to provide SSNs for
both parents to complete the form but the
hospital usually will process it with the rest of
your paperwork Once the card is issued the
Social Security Administration (SSA) will mail
it to the address you provided on the form
If you didnrsquot apply for a Social Security
card in the hospital then you can get a
card from the SSA Form SS-5 is available
online In most cases all you have to do is
print it fill it out and mail it in In some
cases you may need to take the application
to a local Social Security office or a Social
Security Card Center if one serves your area
Visit socialsecuritygov to find local office
addresses and phone numbers Be sure to
determine if you need to file in person before
you mail off the form as mistakes can delay
the process
If yoursquore adopting domestically and the baby
or child does not have an SSN you can apply
for one at any time even if the adoption is
not complete However the Social Security
Administration recommends waiting until
the adoption is complete so
that you can use the childrsquos
new name However
you can fill out Form
W-7A (Application
for Taxpayer
Identification
Number for Pending
US Adoptions)
while the adoption
is pending if you want
to claim the child for tax
purposes
If yoursquore adopting internationally you must
wait until the adoption is complete and the
child has entered the country
Do we need life insuranceFor most couples this definitely is a
question of what type of life insurance to
buy and not whether to get any Regardless
of whether just one or both of you will be
working when the baby arrives consider
how each spouse would manage if the
other passes away In most cases even
the nonworking spouse should be insured
While he or she may not have an income the
working spouse would have to cover child-
care expenses if the at-home parent were no
longer available to care for the child
The actual dollar amount of life insurance
yoursquoll need depends on individual
circumstances To come up with a reliable
What about disability insuranceMany couples overlook disability insurance Perhaps they assume disability insurance that an employer provides is adequate or they donrsquot consider the possibility that injury or
illness will prevent one of them from working or fulfilling
household duties Kevin Simpson manager of life and health product marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which provides insurance and financial services
to credit unions and their members) Waverly Iowa
says disability insurance is a critical component of a sound
financial plan He explains that parents of young children are more likely to become disabled than they are to die and disability often causes greater financial hardship for families than does the death of a spouse
Disability insurance is either short term or long term Many employers offer one or both but coverage may not be what you want or need Review what you have and discuss with an adviser what kind of additional coverage would be sensible
Turning Points 7 Preparing for Baby
figure meet with a financial adviser to
review your income expenses and any
educational goals or plans for your children
Factor in monthly mortgage auto loan
student loan and other debt payments
Consider other monthly payments including
food clothing utilities entertainment
insurance premiums and so on Donrsquot forget
annual real estate taxes
Yoursquoll also have to consider types of life
insurance Termthinsplifethinspinsurance is less
expensive while wholethinsplifethinspinsurance
accumulates cash value over time For young
families on a budget term insurance often
makes the most sense However Kevin
Simpson manager of life and health product
marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which
provides insurance and financial services to
credit unions and their members) Waverly
Iowa recommends exploring options with
an adviser as many carriers offer convertible
policies and other choices beyond the simple
term and whole life options
Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differentlyOnce adopted legally a child is treated the
same as any biological children However itrsquos
often during the period between placement
and when the adoption is finalized that
parents may encounter trouble says Chicago
adoption attorney Kathleen Hogan Morrison
Check health-insurance policies to see how
and when they begin coverage Morrison
advises Some extend coverage from date
of birth but others require proof of a
placement agreement a court order or other
documentation She also notes that ERISA
(Employee Retirement Income Security Act)
protects adopted children in that if your
health insurance would cover a biological
child it also must cover an adopted child
Maternity and paternity leave can be tricky
as well Morrison says Short-term disability
is not available to adoptive parents While
FMLA may offer the opportunity for unpaid
leave some employers are not governed by
the act Others simply donrsquot treat adoptive
parents the same way they do biological
parents
The bottom line Know your rights know
your policies and advocate for yourself and
your child
How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college educationAny kind of savings account or vehicle will
work Bolson says but education-specific
investments often offer desirable tax
advantages
There are two main ways to save for a childrsquos
education The Coverdell Education Savings
Account (ESA) and a 529 plan
Bolson likes Coverdell ESAs which can be
opened at almost any credit union and tend
to have more flexible investment options and
lower fees than 529 plans Contributions are
not tax-deductible but earnings grow tax-
free You can use funds for any educational
expense such as private high-school tuition
whereas 529 plans are just for college-level
education However Coverdell Accounts
also have lower contribution limits than 529
plans
Longo likes the 529 plans because she says
they offer the most tax advantages ldquoThe
money in there will grow tax freerdquo she says
ldquoWhen you take it out all of those earnings
come out tax freerdquo
There are other types of vehicles to use for
saving for college as well such as Roth IRAs
custodial accounts and trusts Talk to the
professionals at your credit union or your
financial planner for more information
You can begin building your education
nest egg at any time but you need a Social
Security number and name for 529 plans
and some other investments You can always
start the plans naming another child as a
beneficiary but yoursquod have to amend the
plan once your child is born Itrsquos easier to
wait until the birth
You can save as much you want in various
savings vehicles but most of the education-
specific savings options have limits
Longo cautions parents from
overcontributing college funds at the
expense of other needs ldquoYou can borrow
for college but you canrsquot borrow for
retirementrdquo she says noting that 529 plans
have stiff penalties for early withdrawals for
unqualified expenses ldquoMake sure you have
both [retirement and college] covered before
you start putting everything into the college
fundrdquo
How much does it cost to adopt a babyAdoption fees vary widely and itrsquos hard to pinpoint a figure However according to data
from Adoptive Families magazine nearly half of domestic newborn adoptions cost less
than $20000 and the majority cost less than $25000 Alternately more than 75 of
international adoptions cost more than $20000
If you need help with these expenses talk to a loan officer at your credit union
For more information about the costs and details associated with adoption visit
theadoptionguidecom
Turning Points 8 Preparing for Baby
Useful resources
copy2009 Credit Union National Association the trade association for credit unions in the US
babycentercom has a wealth of information on all things baby from finances to formula to friendship and beyond
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online ldquoCostthinspofthinspraisingthinspYourthinspChildrdquothinspcalculator
www360financialliteracyorg a consumer finance Web site published by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants offers
money-saving strategies for families at all stages
Visit the US Labor Departmentrsquos ldquoLifethinspChangesthinsprequirethinspHealththinspChoicesthinspKnowthinspYourthinspBenefitthinspoptionsrdquo for pregnancy childbirth and
adoption information
Parentsregthinspmagazine offers advice about money matters when raising kids
Turning Points 3 Preparing for Baby
child-care costs Those should be fairly easy
to determine You can call child-care centers
nanny agencies and in-home child-care
providers (often listed in classifieds or in
listings compiled by local licensing agencies)
to inquire about fees
Of course there also is all the stuff you need
to buy In addition to the crib car seat and
stroller there are monthly expenses such
as diapers and possibly formula that add
up quickly Lifestyle trade-offs like cooking
at home instead of ordering take-out
borrowing DVDs from the library instead of
renting and borrowing or buying used baby
gear and clothing can offset some of the
increased costs associated with a baby
Second-hand stores and online classifieds
like craigslist also are good resources
for frugal parents For big items Bolson
recommends shopping for safety over
style For example she says a safe car
seat (the American Academy of Pediatrics
recommends avoiding buying used car seats
if you donrsquot know the seatrsquos history) should
be a priority but a totally redecorated
nursery with expensive furniture and
bedding isnrsquot Donrsquot confuse what you want
with what you need
If the math doesnrsquot quite add up make an
appointment with a financial planner CPA
or other adviser who can walk you through
various tax deductions and other savings
opportunities that might make your budget
more workable A budget counselor at your
credit union also may be able to help
Sometimes adjusting withholdings and
considering flex-spending options can make
the difference If you canrsquot see how to make
it work and you still want a baby you might
need to look at cutting fixed expenses
such as mortgages or car loans by moving
to a less expensive house or driving more
modest vehicles
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising
your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online
ldquoCost of Raising Your Childrdquo calculator
Will health insurance cover the birthItrsquos best to know what kind of coverage you
have before you get pregnant Some plans
might not cover prenatal care in which
case you might want to explore taking out
a supplemental policy that does But you
have to do it before yoursquore pregnant or the
pregnancy most likely will be considered a
pre-existing condition and will be excluded
So make an appointment with your
benefits specialist or HR (human resources)
representative If your insurance is through
your spousersquos employer and yoursquore
uncomfortable contacting someone at that
workplace call the number on the back of
your insurance card and speak directly with
the carrier Or visit the carrierrsquos Web site
Seattle HR consultant Jenny Broome says
most carriers have a wealth of information
online ldquoYou can get online and you can
put your group number in and you can look
at your particular plan and surf to what
you needrdquo Broome says ldquoItrsquos all about
knowledge and knowing where to go to get
the information you needrdquo
What kind of leave will we getMaternity and paternity leave varies from
company to company and state to state
Broome points out that for example
California offers up to six weeks of paid
leave Microsoft provides employees with
four weeks of maternity and paternity leave
For most individuals leave is a combination
of accrued personal vacation and sick time
along with disability insurance any state
benefits and unpaid time off So ask at work
about what is available and make sure you
understand what is paid and what is unpaid
If you get health insurance through your
employer and you go on unpaid leave
ask about how premiums are paid in your
absence
Family expenditures on a child by single-parent and husband-wife households 2009
Singe parent $149760
Husband-wife $160410
Source United States Agriculture DepartmentmdashCenter for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Turning Points 4 Preparing for Baby
Does FMLA protect my jobIf you work for an employer with more than
50 employees and have worked at the
company for at least one year your employer
must allow you to take up to 12 weeks of
leave according to the Family Medical Leave
Act (FMLA) You will probably have to cobble
that together with vacation and sick time
plus unpaid leave but your employer cannot
terminate or otherwise penalize you for taking
the full 12 weeks to bond with your baby
Can I use short-term disability insurance for maternity leaveA new birth mother generally can use short-
term disability insurance if she has it Short-
term disability insurance replaces part of
your income while yoursquore on leave Some
employers offer it and you can elect to carry
it independently in which case yoursquoll pay
a monthly premium Some states such as
California offer it as well Coverage typically
lasts around six weeks but some plans run
longer Complications or C-section births can
extend coverage as well
Since coverage varies in both amount
and duration review your policy before
getting pregnant If you find your coverage
insufficient you may want to add a
supplemental policy Requirements for using
the insurance also vary with some plans
requiring you to exhaust vacation and sick
leave before tapping in to your insurance
benefit Others have waiting periods and
require that you be away from work for a
defined period of time before drawing the
benefit
In most instances fathers and adoptive
parents cannot use short-term disability
insurance for any of their paternity or
maternity leave notes Kevin Jacobs
assistant vice chancellor for human
resources at the University of Colorado-
Denver The ldquodisabilityrdquo stems from having
given birth and therefore only applies to
biological mothers
Your employerrsquos HR representative might
not offer information about supplemental
insurance plans so be proactive and contact
an insurance agent on your own if yoursquore
serious about adding short-term disability
coverage Just because your employer
doesnrsquot offer it doesnrsquot mean you canrsquot get it
How do I add my baby to my health insuranceCoverage usually is retroactive to birth as
long as you add the child to the policy within
the required time frame (usually 30 or 31
days but the time is specific to your plan)
Some plans require that you notify your
employermdashif you have employer-sponsored
health caremdashand your insurance company
If you miss your deadline insurance wonrsquot
cover the babyrsquos expenses and yoursquoll have to
wait until open enrollment to enroll the baby
Jacobs cautions parents from assuming a
Estimated annual expenditures on children born in 2009 by income group overall United States
Income group
Year Age Lowest Middle Highest
2009 lt1 $8570 $11700 $19410
2010 1 8810 12030 19950
2011 2 9050 12360 20510
2012 3 9370 12740 21080
2013 4 9630 13090 21670
2014 5 9900 13460 22270
2015 6 9830 13740 22860
2016 7 10100 14120 23500
2017 8 10380 14520 24150
2018 9 11580 15910 25920
2019 10 11900 16350 26640
2020 11 12240 16810 27380
2021 12 13150 18210 29930
2022 13 13510 18720 30760
2023 14 13890 19240 31620
2024 15 14280 20440 35020
2025 16 14680 21010 36000
2026 17 15090 21600 37010
Total $205960 $286050 $475680
Estimates are for the younger child in husband-wife families with two children and assume an average annual inflation rate of 279 percent
Source United States Agriculture DepartmentmdashCenter for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Turning Points 5 Preparing for Baby
fax or e-mail transmission went through and
instead recommends calling to confirm that
the child is enrolled
Does a flex plan help cover child-care expensesMany employers offer flex plans that allow
you to set aside pre-tax dollars (per child)
to spend on qualified child-care expenses
Child-care centers and preschools usually
qualify In-home providers will too as long
as they report the income
If you choose not to use flex spending you
can take the amount for child-care expenses
as a tax deduction but financial planners
like Kathy Longo who works in Edina Minn
prefer flex spending because it keeps the
income off the tax return altogether and
allows the parents to incorporate the money
into monthly budgets
Yoursquoll have to fill out paperwork to start a
flex account and the required forms and
procedures vary from employer to employer
Many parents will spend money faster than
their accounts build up and reimbursements
will be spread out over the entire year even
if they spend all the money within the first
five months
Be careful when estimating child-care
expenses If you estimate too high and donrsquot
spend what you thought you would on child
care yoursquoll still be out the full amount placed
in the flexible spending account
What are the other tax benefits of having a childParents generally are eligible for a tax
deduction for each of their children Check
the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) Web site
for deduction amounts and gross income
qualifications Adoptive parents generally
may claim an additional credit as well
Do we need a willYes A will ensures proper transfer of your
assets and more important minimizes
the stress and disruption for your children
if both you and your spouse die
Without a will relatives could
disagree over where children
should go even if you
had verbal agreements
or understanding with
all family members
involved In that case
the child could end
up in foster care
until the court
settles the matter
One will can cover both parents but itrsquos
not a good idea says Indiana probate
attorney Arlene Kline (who calls joint wills
ldquouncommonrdquo and ldquodangerousrdquo) When one
spouse dies a joint will locks the other
spouse into the terms If a spouse dies very
young that means the
surviving spouse could
never change the will
even if life circumstances
change dramatically for
example the surviving
spouse remarries Itrsquos better
to have a will for each parent
and the wills should have
identical provisions in case both
parents die
Choosing a legal guardian for your childrenWhen creating a will one of the most challenging steps can be designating a guardian to take care of your children if you and your spouse die
Indiana probate attorney Arlene Kline advises parents to consider many factors when naming a physical guardian Grandparents often are a natural choice since they frequently maintain the closest relationships with your children However they may not feel able or be willing to raise children during their retirement Also factor in geography Itrsquos incredibly traumatic for a child to lose her parents but even worse if she has to move across the country and away from friends and a familiar school to live with relatives
Regardless Kline recommends discussing the matter with whomever you would like to name as guardians so they arenrsquot taken by surprise if something happens to you
Also keep in mind that laws vary from state to state In Indiana a judge does not have to appoint the guardian you name in your will Some individuals are legally ineligiblemdashagain in Indiana no one ever convicted of a felony can serve as a guardian So Kline suggests asking and naming secondary and tertiary choices in case your first pick declines or is deemed ineligible
Sometimes the guardian of your children and the trustee of your testamentary trust (or guardian of your estate) is the same person but you donrsquot have to do it that way Kline says If a brother is great with kids but terrible with money you can designate your shrewd aunt to handle the finances and let the two relatives work things out as they go
Turning Points 6 Preparing for Baby
Kline recommends waiting until the baby is
born before drafting the will Most states
recognize provisions that cover future
children but your will can be much more
specific about how your assets pass and
then are managed if you wait until you have
a name and Social Security number for your
child
Wills cover a lot of ground and each covers
unique assets and personal territory
However Kline says a will has two specific
purposes with respect to young children
1 The first is to name a guardian for the
children This guardian is the person who
will house feed shelter nurture educate
and otherwise raise your child should
something happen to both parents
2 The second purpose is to designate which
of your assets will pass to your child and
how they will be managed
The cost of drawing up a will varies
Working with an attorney can cost anywhere
from a few hundred to a few thousand
dollars depending on your market and the
complexity of your wills
Do I need a Social Security number for my babyNo You donrsquot have to apply for a Social
Security number (SSN) However most
parents do because you need one to claim
child-related tax deductions and credits to
add the child to your health plan to open
investment vehicles like 529 plans or to
purchase US savings bonds
If you give birth in a hospital chances are
that the hospital will give you (the mother)
a birth registration form Just check the
box to indicate that you want an SSN for
your baby Yoursquoll have to provide SSNs for
both parents to complete the form but the
hospital usually will process it with the rest of
your paperwork Once the card is issued the
Social Security Administration (SSA) will mail
it to the address you provided on the form
If you didnrsquot apply for a Social Security
card in the hospital then you can get a
card from the SSA Form SS-5 is available
online In most cases all you have to do is
print it fill it out and mail it in In some
cases you may need to take the application
to a local Social Security office or a Social
Security Card Center if one serves your area
Visit socialsecuritygov to find local office
addresses and phone numbers Be sure to
determine if you need to file in person before
you mail off the form as mistakes can delay
the process
If yoursquore adopting domestically and the baby
or child does not have an SSN you can apply
for one at any time even if the adoption is
not complete However the Social Security
Administration recommends waiting until
the adoption is complete so
that you can use the childrsquos
new name However
you can fill out Form
W-7A (Application
for Taxpayer
Identification
Number for Pending
US Adoptions)
while the adoption
is pending if you want
to claim the child for tax
purposes
If yoursquore adopting internationally you must
wait until the adoption is complete and the
child has entered the country
Do we need life insuranceFor most couples this definitely is a
question of what type of life insurance to
buy and not whether to get any Regardless
of whether just one or both of you will be
working when the baby arrives consider
how each spouse would manage if the
other passes away In most cases even
the nonworking spouse should be insured
While he or she may not have an income the
working spouse would have to cover child-
care expenses if the at-home parent were no
longer available to care for the child
The actual dollar amount of life insurance
yoursquoll need depends on individual
circumstances To come up with a reliable
What about disability insuranceMany couples overlook disability insurance Perhaps they assume disability insurance that an employer provides is adequate or they donrsquot consider the possibility that injury or
illness will prevent one of them from working or fulfilling
household duties Kevin Simpson manager of life and health product marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which provides insurance and financial services
to credit unions and their members) Waverly Iowa
says disability insurance is a critical component of a sound
financial plan He explains that parents of young children are more likely to become disabled than they are to die and disability often causes greater financial hardship for families than does the death of a spouse
Disability insurance is either short term or long term Many employers offer one or both but coverage may not be what you want or need Review what you have and discuss with an adviser what kind of additional coverage would be sensible
Turning Points 7 Preparing for Baby
figure meet with a financial adviser to
review your income expenses and any
educational goals or plans for your children
Factor in monthly mortgage auto loan
student loan and other debt payments
Consider other monthly payments including
food clothing utilities entertainment
insurance premiums and so on Donrsquot forget
annual real estate taxes
Yoursquoll also have to consider types of life
insurance Termthinsplifethinspinsurance is less
expensive while wholethinsplifethinspinsurance
accumulates cash value over time For young
families on a budget term insurance often
makes the most sense However Kevin
Simpson manager of life and health product
marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which
provides insurance and financial services to
credit unions and their members) Waverly
Iowa recommends exploring options with
an adviser as many carriers offer convertible
policies and other choices beyond the simple
term and whole life options
Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differentlyOnce adopted legally a child is treated the
same as any biological children However itrsquos
often during the period between placement
and when the adoption is finalized that
parents may encounter trouble says Chicago
adoption attorney Kathleen Hogan Morrison
Check health-insurance policies to see how
and when they begin coverage Morrison
advises Some extend coverage from date
of birth but others require proof of a
placement agreement a court order or other
documentation She also notes that ERISA
(Employee Retirement Income Security Act)
protects adopted children in that if your
health insurance would cover a biological
child it also must cover an adopted child
Maternity and paternity leave can be tricky
as well Morrison says Short-term disability
is not available to adoptive parents While
FMLA may offer the opportunity for unpaid
leave some employers are not governed by
the act Others simply donrsquot treat adoptive
parents the same way they do biological
parents
The bottom line Know your rights know
your policies and advocate for yourself and
your child
How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college educationAny kind of savings account or vehicle will
work Bolson says but education-specific
investments often offer desirable tax
advantages
There are two main ways to save for a childrsquos
education The Coverdell Education Savings
Account (ESA) and a 529 plan
Bolson likes Coverdell ESAs which can be
opened at almost any credit union and tend
to have more flexible investment options and
lower fees than 529 plans Contributions are
not tax-deductible but earnings grow tax-
free You can use funds for any educational
expense such as private high-school tuition
whereas 529 plans are just for college-level
education However Coverdell Accounts
also have lower contribution limits than 529
plans
Longo likes the 529 plans because she says
they offer the most tax advantages ldquoThe
money in there will grow tax freerdquo she says
ldquoWhen you take it out all of those earnings
come out tax freerdquo
There are other types of vehicles to use for
saving for college as well such as Roth IRAs
custodial accounts and trusts Talk to the
professionals at your credit union or your
financial planner for more information
You can begin building your education
nest egg at any time but you need a Social
Security number and name for 529 plans
and some other investments You can always
start the plans naming another child as a
beneficiary but yoursquod have to amend the
plan once your child is born Itrsquos easier to
wait until the birth
You can save as much you want in various
savings vehicles but most of the education-
specific savings options have limits
Longo cautions parents from
overcontributing college funds at the
expense of other needs ldquoYou can borrow
for college but you canrsquot borrow for
retirementrdquo she says noting that 529 plans
have stiff penalties for early withdrawals for
unqualified expenses ldquoMake sure you have
both [retirement and college] covered before
you start putting everything into the college
fundrdquo
How much does it cost to adopt a babyAdoption fees vary widely and itrsquos hard to pinpoint a figure However according to data
from Adoptive Families magazine nearly half of domestic newborn adoptions cost less
than $20000 and the majority cost less than $25000 Alternately more than 75 of
international adoptions cost more than $20000
If you need help with these expenses talk to a loan officer at your credit union
For more information about the costs and details associated with adoption visit
theadoptionguidecom
Turning Points 8 Preparing for Baby
Useful resources
copy2009 Credit Union National Association the trade association for credit unions in the US
babycentercom has a wealth of information on all things baby from finances to formula to friendship and beyond
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online ldquoCostthinspofthinspraisingthinspYourthinspChildrdquothinspcalculator
www360financialliteracyorg a consumer finance Web site published by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants offers
money-saving strategies for families at all stages
Visit the US Labor Departmentrsquos ldquoLifethinspChangesthinsprequirethinspHealththinspChoicesthinspKnowthinspYourthinspBenefitthinspoptionsrdquo for pregnancy childbirth and
adoption information
Parentsregthinspmagazine offers advice about money matters when raising kids
Turning Points 4 Preparing for Baby
Does FMLA protect my jobIf you work for an employer with more than
50 employees and have worked at the
company for at least one year your employer
must allow you to take up to 12 weeks of
leave according to the Family Medical Leave
Act (FMLA) You will probably have to cobble
that together with vacation and sick time
plus unpaid leave but your employer cannot
terminate or otherwise penalize you for taking
the full 12 weeks to bond with your baby
Can I use short-term disability insurance for maternity leaveA new birth mother generally can use short-
term disability insurance if she has it Short-
term disability insurance replaces part of
your income while yoursquore on leave Some
employers offer it and you can elect to carry
it independently in which case yoursquoll pay
a monthly premium Some states such as
California offer it as well Coverage typically
lasts around six weeks but some plans run
longer Complications or C-section births can
extend coverage as well
Since coverage varies in both amount
and duration review your policy before
getting pregnant If you find your coverage
insufficient you may want to add a
supplemental policy Requirements for using
the insurance also vary with some plans
requiring you to exhaust vacation and sick
leave before tapping in to your insurance
benefit Others have waiting periods and
require that you be away from work for a
defined period of time before drawing the
benefit
In most instances fathers and adoptive
parents cannot use short-term disability
insurance for any of their paternity or
maternity leave notes Kevin Jacobs
assistant vice chancellor for human
resources at the University of Colorado-
Denver The ldquodisabilityrdquo stems from having
given birth and therefore only applies to
biological mothers
Your employerrsquos HR representative might
not offer information about supplemental
insurance plans so be proactive and contact
an insurance agent on your own if yoursquore
serious about adding short-term disability
coverage Just because your employer
doesnrsquot offer it doesnrsquot mean you canrsquot get it
How do I add my baby to my health insuranceCoverage usually is retroactive to birth as
long as you add the child to the policy within
the required time frame (usually 30 or 31
days but the time is specific to your plan)
Some plans require that you notify your
employermdashif you have employer-sponsored
health caremdashand your insurance company
If you miss your deadline insurance wonrsquot
cover the babyrsquos expenses and yoursquoll have to
wait until open enrollment to enroll the baby
Jacobs cautions parents from assuming a
Estimated annual expenditures on children born in 2009 by income group overall United States
Income group
Year Age Lowest Middle Highest
2009 lt1 $8570 $11700 $19410
2010 1 8810 12030 19950
2011 2 9050 12360 20510
2012 3 9370 12740 21080
2013 4 9630 13090 21670
2014 5 9900 13460 22270
2015 6 9830 13740 22860
2016 7 10100 14120 23500
2017 8 10380 14520 24150
2018 9 11580 15910 25920
2019 10 11900 16350 26640
2020 11 12240 16810 27380
2021 12 13150 18210 29930
2022 13 13510 18720 30760
2023 14 13890 19240 31620
2024 15 14280 20440 35020
2025 16 14680 21010 36000
2026 17 15090 21600 37010
Total $205960 $286050 $475680
Estimates are for the younger child in husband-wife families with two children and assume an average annual inflation rate of 279 percent
Source United States Agriculture DepartmentmdashCenter for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Turning Points 5 Preparing for Baby
fax or e-mail transmission went through and
instead recommends calling to confirm that
the child is enrolled
Does a flex plan help cover child-care expensesMany employers offer flex plans that allow
you to set aside pre-tax dollars (per child)
to spend on qualified child-care expenses
Child-care centers and preschools usually
qualify In-home providers will too as long
as they report the income
If you choose not to use flex spending you
can take the amount for child-care expenses
as a tax deduction but financial planners
like Kathy Longo who works in Edina Minn
prefer flex spending because it keeps the
income off the tax return altogether and
allows the parents to incorporate the money
into monthly budgets
Yoursquoll have to fill out paperwork to start a
flex account and the required forms and
procedures vary from employer to employer
Many parents will spend money faster than
their accounts build up and reimbursements
will be spread out over the entire year even
if they spend all the money within the first
five months
Be careful when estimating child-care
expenses If you estimate too high and donrsquot
spend what you thought you would on child
care yoursquoll still be out the full amount placed
in the flexible spending account
What are the other tax benefits of having a childParents generally are eligible for a tax
deduction for each of their children Check
the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) Web site
for deduction amounts and gross income
qualifications Adoptive parents generally
may claim an additional credit as well
Do we need a willYes A will ensures proper transfer of your
assets and more important minimizes
the stress and disruption for your children
if both you and your spouse die
Without a will relatives could
disagree over where children
should go even if you
had verbal agreements
or understanding with
all family members
involved In that case
the child could end
up in foster care
until the court
settles the matter
One will can cover both parents but itrsquos
not a good idea says Indiana probate
attorney Arlene Kline (who calls joint wills
ldquouncommonrdquo and ldquodangerousrdquo) When one
spouse dies a joint will locks the other
spouse into the terms If a spouse dies very
young that means the
surviving spouse could
never change the will
even if life circumstances
change dramatically for
example the surviving
spouse remarries Itrsquos better
to have a will for each parent
and the wills should have
identical provisions in case both
parents die
Choosing a legal guardian for your childrenWhen creating a will one of the most challenging steps can be designating a guardian to take care of your children if you and your spouse die
Indiana probate attorney Arlene Kline advises parents to consider many factors when naming a physical guardian Grandparents often are a natural choice since they frequently maintain the closest relationships with your children However they may not feel able or be willing to raise children during their retirement Also factor in geography Itrsquos incredibly traumatic for a child to lose her parents but even worse if she has to move across the country and away from friends and a familiar school to live with relatives
Regardless Kline recommends discussing the matter with whomever you would like to name as guardians so they arenrsquot taken by surprise if something happens to you
Also keep in mind that laws vary from state to state In Indiana a judge does not have to appoint the guardian you name in your will Some individuals are legally ineligiblemdashagain in Indiana no one ever convicted of a felony can serve as a guardian So Kline suggests asking and naming secondary and tertiary choices in case your first pick declines or is deemed ineligible
Sometimes the guardian of your children and the trustee of your testamentary trust (or guardian of your estate) is the same person but you donrsquot have to do it that way Kline says If a brother is great with kids but terrible with money you can designate your shrewd aunt to handle the finances and let the two relatives work things out as they go
Turning Points 6 Preparing for Baby
Kline recommends waiting until the baby is
born before drafting the will Most states
recognize provisions that cover future
children but your will can be much more
specific about how your assets pass and
then are managed if you wait until you have
a name and Social Security number for your
child
Wills cover a lot of ground and each covers
unique assets and personal territory
However Kline says a will has two specific
purposes with respect to young children
1 The first is to name a guardian for the
children This guardian is the person who
will house feed shelter nurture educate
and otherwise raise your child should
something happen to both parents
2 The second purpose is to designate which
of your assets will pass to your child and
how they will be managed
The cost of drawing up a will varies
Working with an attorney can cost anywhere
from a few hundred to a few thousand
dollars depending on your market and the
complexity of your wills
Do I need a Social Security number for my babyNo You donrsquot have to apply for a Social
Security number (SSN) However most
parents do because you need one to claim
child-related tax deductions and credits to
add the child to your health plan to open
investment vehicles like 529 plans or to
purchase US savings bonds
If you give birth in a hospital chances are
that the hospital will give you (the mother)
a birth registration form Just check the
box to indicate that you want an SSN for
your baby Yoursquoll have to provide SSNs for
both parents to complete the form but the
hospital usually will process it with the rest of
your paperwork Once the card is issued the
Social Security Administration (SSA) will mail
it to the address you provided on the form
If you didnrsquot apply for a Social Security
card in the hospital then you can get a
card from the SSA Form SS-5 is available
online In most cases all you have to do is
print it fill it out and mail it in In some
cases you may need to take the application
to a local Social Security office or a Social
Security Card Center if one serves your area
Visit socialsecuritygov to find local office
addresses and phone numbers Be sure to
determine if you need to file in person before
you mail off the form as mistakes can delay
the process
If yoursquore adopting domestically and the baby
or child does not have an SSN you can apply
for one at any time even if the adoption is
not complete However the Social Security
Administration recommends waiting until
the adoption is complete so
that you can use the childrsquos
new name However
you can fill out Form
W-7A (Application
for Taxpayer
Identification
Number for Pending
US Adoptions)
while the adoption
is pending if you want
to claim the child for tax
purposes
If yoursquore adopting internationally you must
wait until the adoption is complete and the
child has entered the country
Do we need life insuranceFor most couples this definitely is a
question of what type of life insurance to
buy and not whether to get any Regardless
of whether just one or both of you will be
working when the baby arrives consider
how each spouse would manage if the
other passes away In most cases even
the nonworking spouse should be insured
While he or she may not have an income the
working spouse would have to cover child-
care expenses if the at-home parent were no
longer available to care for the child
The actual dollar amount of life insurance
yoursquoll need depends on individual
circumstances To come up with a reliable
What about disability insuranceMany couples overlook disability insurance Perhaps they assume disability insurance that an employer provides is adequate or they donrsquot consider the possibility that injury or
illness will prevent one of them from working or fulfilling
household duties Kevin Simpson manager of life and health product marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which provides insurance and financial services
to credit unions and their members) Waverly Iowa
says disability insurance is a critical component of a sound
financial plan He explains that parents of young children are more likely to become disabled than they are to die and disability often causes greater financial hardship for families than does the death of a spouse
Disability insurance is either short term or long term Many employers offer one or both but coverage may not be what you want or need Review what you have and discuss with an adviser what kind of additional coverage would be sensible
Turning Points 7 Preparing for Baby
figure meet with a financial adviser to
review your income expenses and any
educational goals or plans for your children
Factor in monthly mortgage auto loan
student loan and other debt payments
Consider other monthly payments including
food clothing utilities entertainment
insurance premiums and so on Donrsquot forget
annual real estate taxes
Yoursquoll also have to consider types of life
insurance Termthinsplifethinspinsurance is less
expensive while wholethinsplifethinspinsurance
accumulates cash value over time For young
families on a budget term insurance often
makes the most sense However Kevin
Simpson manager of life and health product
marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which
provides insurance and financial services to
credit unions and their members) Waverly
Iowa recommends exploring options with
an adviser as many carriers offer convertible
policies and other choices beyond the simple
term and whole life options
Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differentlyOnce adopted legally a child is treated the
same as any biological children However itrsquos
often during the period between placement
and when the adoption is finalized that
parents may encounter trouble says Chicago
adoption attorney Kathleen Hogan Morrison
Check health-insurance policies to see how
and when they begin coverage Morrison
advises Some extend coverage from date
of birth but others require proof of a
placement agreement a court order or other
documentation She also notes that ERISA
(Employee Retirement Income Security Act)
protects adopted children in that if your
health insurance would cover a biological
child it also must cover an adopted child
Maternity and paternity leave can be tricky
as well Morrison says Short-term disability
is not available to adoptive parents While
FMLA may offer the opportunity for unpaid
leave some employers are not governed by
the act Others simply donrsquot treat adoptive
parents the same way they do biological
parents
The bottom line Know your rights know
your policies and advocate for yourself and
your child
How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college educationAny kind of savings account or vehicle will
work Bolson says but education-specific
investments often offer desirable tax
advantages
There are two main ways to save for a childrsquos
education The Coverdell Education Savings
Account (ESA) and a 529 plan
Bolson likes Coverdell ESAs which can be
opened at almost any credit union and tend
to have more flexible investment options and
lower fees than 529 plans Contributions are
not tax-deductible but earnings grow tax-
free You can use funds for any educational
expense such as private high-school tuition
whereas 529 plans are just for college-level
education However Coverdell Accounts
also have lower contribution limits than 529
plans
Longo likes the 529 plans because she says
they offer the most tax advantages ldquoThe
money in there will grow tax freerdquo she says
ldquoWhen you take it out all of those earnings
come out tax freerdquo
There are other types of vehicles to use for
saving for college as well such as Roth IRAs
custodial accounts and trusts Talk to the
professionals at your credit union or your
financial planner for more information
You can begin building your education
nest egg at any time but you need a Social
Security number and name for 529 plans
and some other investments You can always
start the plans naming another child as a
beneficiary but yoursquod have to amend the
plan once your child is born Itrsquos easier to
wait until the birth
You can save as much you want in various
savings vehicles but most of the education-
specific savings options have limits
Longo cautions parents from
overcontributing college funds at the
expense of other needs ldquoYou can borrow
for college but you canrsquot borrow for
retirementrdquo she says noting that 529 plans
have stiff penalties for early withdrawals for
unqualified expenses ldquoMake sure you have
both [retirement and college] covered before
you start putting everything into the college
fundrdquo
How much does it cost to adopt a babyAdoption fees vary widely and itrsquos hard to pinpoint a figure However according to data
from Adoptive Families magazine nearly half of domestic newborn adoptions cost less
than $20000 and the majority cost less than $25000 Alternately more than 75 of
international adoptions cost more than $20000
If you need help with these expenses talk to a loan officer at your credit union
For more information about the costs and details associated with adoption visit
theadoptionguidecom
Turning Points 8 Preparing for Baby
Useful resources
copy2009 Credit Union National Association the trade association for credit unions in the US
babycentercom has a wealth of information on all things baby from finances to formula to friendship and beyond
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online ldquoCostthinspofthinspraisingthinspYourthinspChildrdquothinspcalculator
www360financialliteracyorg a consumer finance Web site published by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants offers
money-saving strategies for families at all stages
Visit the US Labor Departmentrsquos ldquoLifethinspChangesthinsprequirethinspHealththinspChoicesthinspKnowthinspYourthinspBenefitthinspoptionsrdquo for pregnancy childbirth and
adoption information
Parentsregthinspmagazine offers advice about money matters when raising kids
Turning Points 5 Preparing for Baby
fax or e-mail transmission went through and
instead recommends calling to confirm that
the child is enrolled
Does a flex plan help cover child-care expensesMany employers offer flex plans that allow
you to set aside pre-tax dollars (per child)
to spend on qualified child-care expenses
Child-care centers and preschools usually
qualify In-home providers will too as long
as they report the income
If you choose not to use flex spending you
can take the amount for child-care expenses
as a tax deduction but financial planners
like Kathy Longo who works in Edina Minn
prefer flex spending because it keeps the
income off the tax return altogether and
allows the parents to incorporate the money
into monthly budgets
Yoursquoll have to fill out paperwork to start a
flex account and the required forms and
procedures vary from employer to employer
Many parents will spend money faster than
their accounts build up and reimbursements
will be spread out over the entire year even
if they spend all the money within the first
five months
Be careful when estimating child-care
expenses If you estimate too high and donrsquot
spend what you thought you would on child
care yoursquoll still be out the full amount placed
in the flexible spending account
What are the other tax benefits of having a childParents generally are eligible for a tax
deduction for each of their children Check
the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) Web site
for deduction amounts and gross income
qualifications Adoptive parents generally
may claim an additional credit as well
Do we need a willYes A will ensures proper transfer of your
assets and more important minimizes
the stress and disruption for your children
if both you and your spouse die
Without a will relatives could
disagree over where children
should go even if you
had verbal agreements
or understanding with
all family members
involved In that case
the child could end
up in foster care
until the court
settles the matter
One will can cover both parents but itrsquos
not a good idea says Indiana probate
attorney Arlene Kline (who calls joint wills
ldquouncommonrdquo and ldquodangerousrdquo) When one
spouse dies a joint will locks the other
spouse into the terms If a spouse dies very
young that means the
surviving spouse could
never change the will
even if life circumstances
change dramatically for
example the surviving
spouse remarries Itrsquos better
to have a will for each parent
and the wills should have
identical provisions in case both
parents die
Choosing a legal guardian for your childrenWhen creating a will one of the most challenging steps can be designating a guardian to take care of your children if you and your spouse die
Indiana probate attorney Arlene Kline advises parents to consider many factors when naming a physical guardian Grandparents often are a natural choice since they frequently maintain the closest relationships with your children However they may not feel able or be willing to raise children during their retirement Also factor in geography Itrsquos incredibly traumatic for a child to lose her parents but even worse if she has to move across the country and away from friends and a familiar school to live with relatives
Regardless Kline recommends discussing the matter with whomever you would like to name as guardians so they arenrsquot taken by surprise if something happens to you
Also keep in mind that laws vary from state to state In Indiana a judge does not have to appoint the guardian you name in your will Some individuals are legally ineligiblemdashagain in Indiana no one ever convicted of a felony can serve as a guardian So Kline suggests asking and naming secondary and tertiary choices in case your first pick declines or is deemed ineligible
Sometimes the guardian of your children and the trustee of your testamentary trust (or guardian of your estate) is the same person but you donrsquot have to do it that way Kline says If a brother is great with kids but terrible with money you can designate your shrewd aunt to handle the finances and let the two relatives work things out as they go
Turning Points 6 Preparing for Baby
Kline recommends waiting until the baby is
born before drafting the will Most states
recognize provisions that cover future
children but your will can be much more
specific about how your assets pass and
then are managed if you wait until you have
a name and Social Security number for your
child
Wills cover a lot of ground and each covers
unique assets and personal territory
However Kline says a will has two specific
purposes with respect to young children
1 The first is to name a guardian for the
children This guardian is the person who
will house feed shelter nurture educate
and otherwise raise your child should
something happen to both parents
2 The second purpose is to designate which
of your assets will pass to your child and
how they will be managed
The cost of drawing up a will varies
Working with an attorney can cost anywhere
from a few hundred to a few thousand
dollars depending on your market and the
complexity of your wills
Do I need a Social Security number for my babyNo You donrsquot have to apply for a Social
Security number (SSN) However most
parents do because you need one to claim
child-related tax deductions and credits to
add the child to your health plan to open
investment vehicles like 529 plans or to
purchase US savings bonds
If you give birth in a hospital chances are
that the hospital will give you (the mother)
a birth registration form Just check the
box to indicate that you want an SSN for
your baby Yoursquoll have to provide SSNs for
both parents to complete the form but the
hospital usually will process it with the rest of
your paperwork Once the card is issued the
Social Security Administration (SSA) will mail
it to the address you provided on the form
If you didnrsquot apply for a Social Security
card in the hospital then you can get a
card from the SSA Form SS-5 is available
online In most cases all you have to do is
print it fill it out and mail it in In some
cases you may need to take the application
to a local Social Security office or a Social
Security Card Center if one serves your area
Visit socialsecuritygov to find local office
addresses and phone numbers Be sure to
determine if you need to file in person before
you mail off the form as mistakes can delay
the process
If yoursquore adopting domestically and the baby
or child does not have an SSN you can apply
for one at any time even if the adoption is
not complete However the Social Security
Administration recommends waiting until
the adoption is complete so
that you can use the childrsquos
new name However
you can fill out Form
W-7A (Application
for Taxpayer
Identification
Number for Pending
US Adoptions)
while the adoption
is pending if you want
to claim the child for tax
purposes
If yoursquore adopting internationally you must
wait until the adoption is complete and the
child has entered the country
Do we need life insuranceFor most couples this definitely is a
question of what type of life insurance to
buy and not whether to get any Regardless
of whether just one or both of you will be
working when the baby arrives consider
how each spouse would manage if the
other passes away In most cases even
the nonworking spouse should be insured
While he or she may not have an income the
working spouse would have to cover child-
care expenses if the at-home parent were no
longer available to care for the child
The actual dollar amount of life insurance
yoursquoll need depends on individual
circumstances To come up with a reliable
What about disability insuranceMany couples overlook disability insurance Perhaps they assume disability insurance that an employer provides is adequate or they donrsquot consider the possibility that injury or
illness will prevent one of them from working or fulfilling
household duties Kevin Simpson manager of life and health product marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which provides insurance and financial services
to credit unions and their members) Waverly Iowa
says disability insurance is a critical component of a sound
financial plan He explains that parents of young children are more likely to become disabled than they are to die and disability often causes greater financial hardship for families than does the death of a spouse
Disability insurance is either short term or long term Many employers offer one or both but coverage may not be what you want or need Review what you have and discuss with an adviser what kind of additional coverage would be sensible
Turning Points 7 Preparing for Baby
figure meet with a financial adviser to
review your income expenses and any
educational goals or plans for your children
Factor in monthly mortgage auto loan
student loan and other debt payments
Consider other monthly payments including
food clothing utilities entertainment
insurance premiums and so on Donrsquot forget
annual real estate taxes
Yoursquoll also have to consider types of life
insurance Termthinsplifethinspinsurance is less
expensive while wholethinsplifethinspinsurance
accumulates cash value over time For young
families on a budget term insurance often
makes the most sense However Kevin
Simpson manager of life and health product
marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which
provides insurance and financial services to
credit unions and their members) Waverly
Iowa recommends exploring options with
an adviser as many carriers offer convertible
policies and other choices beyond the simple
term and whole life options
Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differentlyOnce adopted legally a child is treated the
same as any biological children However itrsquos
often during the period between placement
and when the adoption is finalized that
parents may encounter trouble says Chicago
adoption attorney Kathleen Hogan Morrison
Check health-insurance policies to see how
and when they begin coverage Morrison
advises Some extend coverage from date
of birth but others require proof of a
placement agreement a court order or other
documentation She also notes that ERISA
(Employee Retirement Income Security Act)
protects adopted children in that if your
health insurance would cover a biological
child it also must cover an adopted child
Maternity and paternity leave can be tricky
as well Morrison says Short-term disability
is not available to adoptive parents While
FMLA may offer the opportunity for unpaid
leave some employers are not governed by
the act Others simply donrsquot treat adoptive
parents the same way they do biological
parents
The bottom line Know your rights know
your policies and advocate for yourself and
your child
How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college educationAny kind of savings account or vehicle will
work Bolson says but education-specific
investments often offer desirable tax
advantages
There are two main ways to save for a childrsquos
education The Coverdell Education Savings
Account (ESA) and a 529 plan
Bolson likes Coverdell ESAs which can be
opened at almost any credit union and tend
to have more flexible investment options and
lower fees than 529 plans Contributions are
not tax-deductible but earnings grow tax-
free You can use funds for any educational
expense such as private high-school tuition
whereas 529 plans are just for college-level
education However Coverdell Accounts
also have lower contribution limits than 529
plans
Longo likes the 529 plans because she says
they offer the most tax advantages ldquoThe
money in there will grow tax freerdquo she says
ldquoWhen you take it out all of those earnings
come out tax freerdquo
There are other types of vehicles to use for
saving for college as well such as Roth IRAs
custodial accounts and trusts Talk to the
professionals at your credit union or your
financial planner for more information
You can begin building your education
nest egg at any time but you need a Social
Security number and name for 529 plans
and some other investments You can always
start the plans naming another child as a
beneficiary but yoursquod have to amend the
plan once your child is born Itrsquos easier to
wait until the birth
You can save as much you want in various
savings vehicles but most of the education-
specific savings options have limits
Longo cautions parents from
overcontributing college funds at the
expense of other needs ldquoYou can borrow
for college but you canrsquot borrow for
retirementrdquo she says noting that 529 plans
have stiff penalties for early withdrawals for
unqualified expenses ldquoMake sure you have
both [retirement and college] covered before
you start putting everything into the college
fundrdquo
How much does it cost to adopt a babyAdoption fees vary widely and itrsquos hard to pinpoint a figure However according to data
from Adoptive Families magazine nearly half of domestic newborn adoptions cost less
than $20000 and the majority cost less than $25000 Alternately more than 75 of
international adoptions cost more than $20000
If you need help with these expenses talk to a loan officer at your credit union
For more information about the costs and details associated with adoption visit
theadoptionguidecom
Turning Points 8 Preparing for Baby
Useful resources
copy2009 Credit Union National Association the trade association for credit unions in the US
babycentercom has a wealth of information on all things baby from finances to formula to friendship and beyond
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online ldquoCostthinspofthinspraisingthinspYourthinspChildrdquothinspcalculator
www360financialliteracyorg a consumer finance Web site published by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants offers
money-saving strategies for families at all stages
Visit the US Labor Departmentrsquos ldquoLifethinspChangesthinsprequirethinspHealththinspChoicesthinspKnowthinspYourthinspBenefitthinspoptionsrdquo for pregnancy childbirth and
adoption information
Parentsregthinspmagazine offers advice about money matters when raising kids
Turning Points 6 Preparing for Baby
Kline recommends waiting until the baby is
born before drafting the will Most states
recognize provisions that cover future
children but your will can be much more
specific about how your assets pass and
then are managed if you wait until you have
a name and Social Security number for your
child
Wills cover a lot of ground and each covers
unique assets and personal territory
However Kline says a will has two specific
purposes with respect to young children
1 The first is to name a guardian for the
children This guardian is the person who
will house feed shelter nurture educate
and otherwise raise your child should
something happen to both parents
2 The second purpose is to designate which
of your assets will pass to your child and
how they will be managed
The cost of drawing up a will varies
Working with an attorney can cost anywhere
from a few hundred to a few thousand
dollars depending on your market and the
complexity of your wills
Do I need a Social Security number for my babyNo You donrsquot have to apply for a Social
Security number (SSN) However most
parents do because you need one to claim
child-related tax deductions and credits to
add the child to your health plan to open
investment vehicles like 529 plans or to
purchase US savings bonds
If you give birth in a hospital chances are
that the hospital will give you (the mother)
a birth registration form Just check the
box to indicate that you want an SSN for
your baby Yoursquoll have to provide SSNs for
both parents to complete the form but the
hospital usually will process it with the rest of
your paperwork Once the card is issued the
Social Security Administration (SSA) will mail
it to the address you provided on the form
If you didnrsquot apply for a Social Security
card in the hospital then you can get a
card from the SSA Form SS-5 is available
online In most cases all you have to do is
print it fill it out and mail it in In some
cases you may need to take the application
to a local Social Security office or a Social
Security Card Center if one serves your area
Visit socialsecuritygov to find local office
addresses and phone numbers Be sure to
determine if you need to file in person before
you mail off the form as mistakes can delay
the process
If yoursquore adopting domestically and the baby
or child does not have an SSN you can apply
for one at any time even if the adoption is
not complete However the Social Security
Administration recommends waiting until
the adoption is complete so
that you can use the childrsquos
new name However
you can fill out Form
W-7A (Application
for Taxpayer
Identification
Number for Pending
US Adoptions)
while the adoption
is pending if you want
to claim the child for tax
purposes
If yoursquore adopting internationally you must
wait until the adoption is complete and the
child has entered the country
Do we need life insuranceFor most couples this definitely is a
question of what type of life insurance to
buy and not whether to get any Regardless
of whether just one or both of you will be
working when the baby arrives consider
how each spouse would manage if the
other passes away In most cases even
the nonworking spouse should be insured
While he or she may not have an income the
working spouse would have to cover child-
care expenses if the at-home parent were no
longer available to care for the child
The actual dollar amount of life insurance
yoursquoll need depends on individual
circumstances To come up with a reliable
What about disability insuranceMany couples overlook disability insurance Perhaps they assume disability insurance that an employer provides is adequate or they donrsquot consider the possibility that injury or
illness will prevent one of them from working or fulfilling
household duties Kevin Simpson manager of life and health product marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which provides insurance and financial services
to credit unions and their members) Waverly Iowa
says disability insurance is a critical component of a sound
financial plan He explains that parents of young children are more likely to become disabled than they are to die and disability often causes greater financial hardship for families than does the death of a spouse
Disability insurance is either short term or long term Many employers offer one or both but coverage may not be what you want or need Review what you have and discuss with an adviser what kind of additional coverage would be sensible
Turning Points 7 Preparing for Baby
figure meet with a financial adviser to
review your income expenses and any
educational goals or plans for your children
Factor in monthly mortgage auto loan
student loan and other debt payments
Consider other monthly payments including
food clothing utilities entertainment
insurance premiums and so on Donrsquot forget
annual real estate taxes
Yoursquoll also have to consider types of life
insurance Termthinsplifethinspinsurance is less
expensive while wholethinsplifethinspinsurance
accumulates cash value over time For young
families on a budget term insurance often
makes the most sense However Kevin
Simpson manager of life and health product
marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which
provides insurance and financial services to
credit unions and their members) Waverly
Iowa recommends exploring options with
an adviser as many carriers offer convertible
policies and other choices beyond the simple
term and whole life options
Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differentlyOnce adopted legally a child is treated the
same as any biological children However itrsquos
often during the period between placement
and when the adoption is finalized that
parents may encounter trouble says Chicago
adoption attorney Kathleen Hogan Morrison
Check health-insurance policies to see how
and when they begin coverage Morrison
advises Some extend coverage from date
of birth but others require proof of a
placement agreement a court order or other
documentation She also notes that ERISA
(Employee Retirement Income Security Act)
protects adopted children in that if your
health insurance would cover a biological
child it also must cover an adopted child
Maternity and paternity leave can be tricky
as well Morrison says Short-term disability
is not available to adoptive parents While
FMLA may offer the opportunity for unpaid
leave some employers are not governed by
the act Others simply donrsquot treat adoptive
parents the same way they do biological
parents
The bottom line Know your rights know
your policies and advocate for yourself and
your child
How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college educationAny kind of savings account or vehicle will
work Bolson says but education-specific
investments often offer desirable tax
advantages
There are two main ways to save for a childrsquos
education The Coverdell Education Savings
Account (ESA) and a 529 plan
Bolson likes Coverdell ESAs which can be
opened at almost any credit union and tend
to have more flexible investment options and
lower fees than 529 plans Contributions are
not tax-deductible but earnings grow tax-
free You can use funds for any educational
expense such as private high-school tuition
whereas 529 plans are just for college-level
education However Coverdell Accounts
also have lower contribution limits than 529
plans
Longo likes the 529 plans because she says
they offer the most tax advantages ldquoThe
money in there will grow tax freerdquo she says
ldquoWhen you take it out all of those earnings
come out tax freerdquo
There are other types of vehicles to use for
saving for college as well such as Roth IRAs
custodial accounts and trusts Talk to the
professionals at your credit union or your
financial planner for more information
You can begin building your education
nest egg at any time but you need a Social
Security number and name for 529 plans
and some other investments You can always
start the plans naming another child as a
beneficiary but yoursquod have to amend the
plan once your child is born Itrsquos easier to
wait until the birth
You can save as much you want in various
savings vehicles but most of the education-
specific savings options have limits
Longo cautions parents from
overcontributing college funds at the
expense of other needs ldquoYou can borrow
for college but you canrsquot borrow for
retirementrdquo she says noting that 529 plans
have stiff penalties for early withdrawals for
unqualified expenses ldquoMake sure you have
both [retirement and college] covered before
you start putting everything into the college
fundrdquo
How much does it cost to adopt a babyAdoption fees vary widely and itrsquos hard to pinpoint a figure However according to data
from Adoptive Families magazine nearly half of domestic newborn adoptions cost less
than $20000 and the majority cost less than $25000 Alternately more than 75 of
international adoptions cost more than $20000
If you need help with these expenses talk to a loan officer at your credit union
For more information about the costs and details associated with adoption visit
theadoptionguidecom
Turning Points 8 Preparing for Baby
Useful resources
copy2009 Credit Union National Association the trade association for credit unions in the US
babycentercom has a wealth of information on all things baby from finances to formula to friendship and beyond
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online ldquoCostthinspofthinspraisingthinspYourthinspChildrdquothinspcalculator
www360financialliteracyorg a consumer finance Web site published by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants offers
money-saving strategies for families at all stages
Visit the US Labor Departmentrsquos ldquoLifethinspChangesthinsprequirethinspHealththinspChoicesthinspKnowthinspYourthinspBenefitthinspoptionsrdquo for pregnancy childbirth and
adoption information
Parentsregthinspmagazine offers advice about money matters when raising kids
Turning Points 7 Preparing for Baby
figure meet with a financial adviser to
review your income expenses and any
educational goals or plans for your children
Factor in monthly mortgage auto loan
student loan and other debt payments
Consider other monthly payments including
food clothing utilities entertainment
insurance premiums and so on Donrsquot forget
annual real estate taxes
Yoursquoll also have to consider types of life
insurance Termthinsplifethinspinsurance is less
expensive while wholethinsplifethinspinsurance
accumulates cash value over time For young
families on a budget term insurance often
makes the most sense However Kevin
Simpson manager of life and health product
marketing with CUNA Mutual Group (which
provides insurance and financial services to
credit unions and their members) Waverly
Iowa recommends exploring options with
an adviser as many carriers offer convertible
policies and other choices beyond the simple
term and whole life options
Wersquore adoptingmdashis anything else handled differentlyOnce adopted legally a child is treated the
same as any biological children However itrsquos
often during the period between placement
and when the adoption is finalized that
parents may encounter trouble says Chicago
adoption attorney Kathleen Hogan Morrison
Check health-insurance policies to see how
and when they begin coverage Morrison
advises Some extend coverage from date
of birth but others require proof of a
placement agreement a court order or other
documentation She also notes that ERISA
(Employee Retirement Income Security Act)
protects adopted children in that if your
health insurance would cover a biological
child it also must cover an adopted child
Maternity and paternity leave can be tricky
as well Morrison says Short-term disability
is not available to adoptive parents While
FMLA may offer the opportunity for unpaid
leave some employers are not governed by
the act Others simply donrsquot treat adoptive
parents the same way they do biological
parents
The bottom line Know your rights know
your policies and advocate for yourself and
your child
How can I start saving for my babyrsquos college educationAny kind of savings account or vehicle will
work Bolson says but education-specific
investments often offer desirable tax
advantages
There are two main ways to save for a childrsquos
education The Coverdell Education Savings
Account (ESA) and a 529 plan
Bolson likes Coverdell ESAs which can be
opened at almost any credit union and tend
to have more flexible investment options and
lower fees than 529 plans Contributions are
not tax-deductible but earnings grow tax-
free You can use funds for any educational
expense such as private high-school tuition
whereas 529 plans are just for college-level
education However Coverdell Accounts
also have lower contribution limits than 529
plans
Longo likes the 529 plans because she says
they offer the most tax advantages ldquoThe
money in there will grow tax freerdquo she says
ldquoWhen you take it out all of those earnings
come out tax freerdquo
There are other types of vehicles to use for
saving for college as well such as Roth IRAs
custodial accounts and trusts Talk to the
professionals at your credit union or your
financial planner for more information
You can begin building your education
nest egg at any time but you need a Social
Security number and name for 529 plans
and some other investments You can always
start the plans naming another child as a
beneficiary but yoursquod have to amend the
plan once your child is born Itrsquos easier to
wait until the birth
You can save as much you want in various
savings vehicles but most of the education-
specific savings options have limits
Longo cautions parents from
overcontributing college funds at the
expense of other needs ldquoYou can borrow
for college but you canrsquot borrow for
retirementrdquo she says noting that 529 plans
have stiff penalties for early withdrawals for
unqualified expenses ldquoMake sure you have
both [retirement and college] covered before
you start putting everything into the college
fundrdquo
How much does it cost to adopt a babyAdoption fees vary widely and itrsquos hard to pinpoint a figure However according to data
from Adoptive Families magazine nearly half of domestic newborn adoptions cost less
than $20000 and the majority cost less than $25000 Alternately more than 75 of
international adoptions cost more than $20000
If you need help with these expenses talk to a loan officer at your credit union
For more information about the costs and details associated with adoption visit
theadoptionguidecom
Turning Points 8 Preparing for Baby
Useful resources
copy2009 Credit Union National Association the trade association for credit unions in the US
babycentercom has a wealth of information on all things baby from finances to formula to friendship and beyond
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online ldquoCostthinspofthinspraisingthinspYourthinspChildrdquothinspcalculator
www360financialliteracyorg a consumer finance Web site published by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants offers
money-saving strategies for families at all stages
Visit the US Labor Departmentrsquos ldquoLifethinspChangesthinsprequirethinspHealththinspChoicesthinspKnowthinspYourthinspBenefitthinspoptionsrdquo for pregnancy childbirth and
adoption information
Parentsregthinspmagazine offers advice about money matters when raising kids
Turning Points 8 Preparing for Baby
Useful resources
copy2009 Credit Union National Association the trade association for credit unions in the US
babycentercom has a wealth of information on all things baby from finances to formula to friendship and beyond
To find out how much yoursquoll spend raising your little one visit Babycenterrsquos online ldquoCostthinspofthinspraisingthinspYourthinspChildrdquothinspcalculator
www360financialliteracyorg a consumer finance Web site published by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants offers
money-saving strategies for families at all stages
Visit the US Labor Departmentrsquos ldquoLifethinspChangesthinsprequirethinspHealththinspChoicesthinspKnowthinspYourthinspBenefitthinspoptionsrdquo for pregnancy childbirth and
adoption information
Parentsregthinspmagazine offers advice about money matters when raising kids