preparefor802.11ac4AA5-0004ENW

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Business white paper

Preparing forIEEE 802.11ac


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Executive summaryThis business white paper discusses the history that led to the IEEE 802.11ac standard and theconsiderations you need to weigh before you decide to deploy it. This new WLAN technology isbeing introduced into the market in two waves. Topics that will be addressed in this paper are:

802.11ac standard and its key features and bene ts

Considerations and guidance

HP strategy, o ering, and competitive di erentiations

Wi-Fi technology marches onSince its introduction in 1999, the 802.11 standard has made a huge leap in capabilities,performance, and availability f rom its starting point with the 802.11b standard, supportingup to 11Mb/s to a staggering 1.3 Gb/s with 802.11ac (Wave 1) standard in 2013. And by thebeginning of 2015, the 802.11ac (Wave 2) standard will be handling up to 7Gb/s, supportingeight spatial streams and 160 Mhz channel bandwidth.

In 1999, the 802.11b standard supported 20 MHz channels in the 2.4 GHz spectrum with fourdata rates per stream1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mb/s. At the same time, rati cation of the 802.11astandard was completed, supporting 20 MHz channels in the 5 GHz spectrum with a singlestream and 8 data rates6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mb/s. Both standards supported WEPfor security and encryption.

In mid 2003, the 802.11g standard was rati ed with backward compatibility with the 802.11b

standard. The 802.11g standard o ered the same 20 MHz channel bandwidth and data rates(6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mb/s) as the 802.11a standard, but in the 2.4 GHz band ratherthan in the 5 GHz band.

Due to the simplicity and ease of breaking the WEP keys, the IEEE set a group to develop a newsecurity and encryption standards. This resulted in the introduction of WPA and WPA2 (Wi-FiProtected Access). Understanding the limitation and vulnerability of WEP encryption, the IEEEo ered the WPA-personal TKIP as a temporary solution until the rati cation of the WPA2-personal AES.

2009 brought the news of a new Wi-Fi standard: the 802.11n HT (high throughput), with fullbackward compatibility to all previous standards. The 802.11n introduced support of:

20/40 MHz channels

Multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) streams

Multiple types of explicit beamforming

Both 2.4 and 5 GHz bands

Higher data rates7.2, 14.4, 21.7, 28.9, 43.3, 57.8, 65, 72.2 Mb/s for 20 MHz channels and 15,30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135, 150 Mb/s for 40 MHz channels (These data rates represent theoreticalrates for a single stream and do not represent actual throughput capabilities.)

Although 802.11n would support up to four spatial streams, support for only three spatialstreams was implemented in commercial access points/clients to date. With the use of threespatial streams, the maximum theoretical throughput is 450 Mb/s on a 40 MHz channel and 216Mb/s on a 20 MHz channel.

At the end of 2013, the IEEE organization rati ed the latest 802.11 standard: the 802.11ac VHT(very high throughput) Wave 1. It operates in the 5 GHz spectrum only and has been designed to

deliver almost four times the capacity compared with the previous standard, with support for: 256 QAM (compared with the 802.11n support for 64 QAM)

A single standard of beamformingthe Null Data Packet (NDP)

80 MHz channel bandwidth

The goal of the new standard is to enable delivery of bandwidth-hungry applications suchas HDTV over the airand doing so while supporting multiple clientsand prime theinfrastructure for futuristic high-bandwidth-demanding applications.

Since the standard is divided into two waves, some of the nal goals for it will only be achievedin the second wave.

Features such as supporting multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)1up to four at the same time,

Business white paper | Preparing for IEEE 802.11ac

Table of contents

2 Executive summary

2 Wi-Fi technology marches on

3 Bene ts of the IEEE 802.11ac standard

5 Considerations and guidance

6 HP IEEE 802.11ac position, strategy, ando ering

7 Staying ahead with HP Networking

7 Realizing a uni ed wired-wireless network

8 Conclusion


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Figure 1. Evolution of the IEEE 802.11 standard

802.11b

802.11a 802.11g

802.11n

802.11ac

1999 1999 2003 2009 2014

11 Mb/s54 Mb/s 54 Mb/s

600 Mb/s

7 Gb/s

utilizing more than four spatial streams (up to eight), and extending channel bandwidth to160 MHz are all expected to be implemented on the second wave. The graph below re ects theadvancement of the 802.11 technology over the past ve years.

Bene ts of the IEEE 802.11ac standardThis latest industry standard is a ll about improved performanceaddressing the increasingnumber of devices, handling much higher densities, and supporting higher speeds. The802.11ac standard supports up to 1.3 Gb/s, which is a leap from previous WLAN standards.This will bene t real-time application services such as VoIP and high-tra c scenarios. The newstandard also provides:

Wider channel bandwidths: The 802.11ac standard supports 20, 40, and 80 MHz channels,with optional support for contiguous 160 MHz channels or non-contiguous 80+80 MHzchannels. 80 MHz systems can use fewer antennas than a 40 MHz system, while providingthe same performance. Additionally, doubling the bandwidth from 40 MHz to 80 MHz allowseach spatial stream to support roughly twice the number of bits per symbol. As a result, ittakes a single-stream 80 MHz t ransmission to provide the same performance as a two-stream

40 MHz transmission.A caveat to the increased channel bandwidth is the creation of potential co-channel interferenceissues when using 80 MHz channel widths. Unlike the 802.11n standard, where 5 GHz channelallocation was a non-issue, in the 802.11ac standard, there are at most ve non-overlapping80 MHz channels ava ilable presently in most regulatory regionsand potentially fewer ifdynamic-frequency-selection (DFS) channels need to be avoided. These limitations are placing apremium on companies capable of delivering access points with best-in-class antenna featuresthat can minimize the bleeding of RF signals to neighboring channels.

MIMO spatial streams: The 802.11ac standard supports up to eight spatial streams, with eachspatial stream supporting up to 433 Mb/s on 80 MHz channels.

MU-MIMO: This provides the capability to serve multiple clients at the same time and supportan increased number of VoIP calls, v ideo streams, and other jitter- and latency-sensitive

applications. It is most suitable for organizations with medium-to-high-density deploymentsor those that have a deployment of client devices with a smaller number of spatial streamscompared to their access points. As the client can only process a portion of the spatial streamsavailable on the access point, the access point has some streams that are not ut ilized. WithMU-MIMO, those streams can be made available for use by another client at the same time.

Theres another bene t. Instead of allocating all spatial streams to a single client, providing theclient with all the bandwidth (in most cases without a real need from the client perspective),the access point can now divide the spatial streams according to the clients need. In the past,a single client would receive all three streams. But now, its possible to allocate one streamper user and serve three di erent clients at the same time, providing each client su cientbandwidth for its needs.

1 MU-MIMO is not available in Wave 1rst-generation chip sets.


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Business white paper | Preparing for IEEE 802.11ac The key bene t of deploying 802.11ac clients and access points is the ability of the technologyto handle moderate to very high throughput. With multimedia being transmitted more andmore each day, MU-MIMO will be a feature that should be considered before deploying Wave 1of the 802.11ac standard.

Figure 2. The di erence between single-user MIMO and multi-user MIMO

Single-user MIMO

SS1

SS2

SS3

Multi-user MIMO

SS1

SS2

SS3

Table 1. Di erent versions of the 802.11n/ac standard

Item 802.11n 802.11ac Wave 1 802.11ac Wave 2

Channel bandwidthin MHz

20 and 40 20, 40, and 80 20, 40, 80, and 160

Frequency in GHz 2.4 and 5 5 5

Modulation levelsBPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM,

and 64 QAM

BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM,

64 QAM, and 256 QAM

BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM,

64 QAM, and 256 QAM

Beamforming support Support multiple typesSupport only NDP Explicitbeamforming

Support only NDP Explicibeamforming

Spatial streams Up to 4 spatial streams Up to 8 spatial streams Up to 8 spatial streams

Client supportSupport a single client atany given moment

Support a single client atany given moment

Support up to 4 clients atany given moment

IEEE 802.11n IEEE 802.11ac Wave 1 IEEE 802.11ac Wave 2

40 MHz channels

Multiple 802.11ac 150 Mb/s 200 Mb/s 433 Mb/s

80 MHz channels

Multiple 802.11ac N/A 433 Mb/s 1.3 Gb/s

160 MHz channels

Multiple 802.11ac N/A N/A 2.6 Gb/s

Table 2. Performance comparison based on multiple clients/frequency channels

Table 3. IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac spatial stream comparisons

Spatialstreams

IEEE 802.11n max.(40 MHz)

IEEE 802.11ac max.(40 MHz)

IEEE 802.11ac max.(80 MHz)

IEEE 802.11ac max.(160 MHz) availablein Wave 2

1 150 Mb/s 200 Mb/s 433 Mb/s 866 Mb/s2 300 Mb/s 400 Mb/s 866 Mb/s 1.73 Gb/s3 450 Mb/s 600 Mb/s 1.3 Gb/s 2.34 Gb/s4 600 Mb/s 800 Mb/s 1.7 Gb/s 3.46 Gb/s

Modulation: The 802.11ac standard uses orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)to modulate bits for transmission. While the modulation method is the same as that used in the802.11n standard, the 802.11ac standard optionally allows the use of 256 QAM. This increasesthe number of bits per sub-carrier from six to eight, resulting in up to a 33 percent increase inthe physical data rate.

5 GHz wireless spectrum: The 802.11ac standard operates only in the less congested 5 GHzwireless spectrum versus the 2.4 GHz spectrum. The 5 GHz spectrum, which is less prone tointerference, o ers up to 23 (varies by country) non-overlapping 20 MHz channels versus thethree non-overlapping 20 MHz channels in the 2.4 GHz spectrum. By using the 5 GHz spectrum,the 802.11ac standard becomes more suitable for applications sensitive to packet loss anddelay and those requiring high performance and throughput, such as voice and video.


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Business white paper | Preparing for IEEE 802.11ac Beamforming: Tx beamforming can be used to increase throughput by improving the quality ofthe signal sent to wireless clients. When this option is enabled, access points use beamformingtechniques to optimize the signal strength for each individual wireless client station.Beamforming works by changing the characteristics of the transmitter to create a focusedbeam that can be more optimally received by a wireless station. To achieve this, the standarduses two entities: the beamformer (the entity that transmits) and the beamformee (the entitythat receives the transmission). It is important to remember that both sides need to be able tosupport beamforming technology.

By applying a well-calibrated time shift on each of the di erent Tx elements, the beamformertransmits the same signal from di erent Tx elements, resulting in a state where all signalsarrive at the same time to the beamformee. As all signals are the same and arrive at the sametime, the beamformee receives an increase in signal strength (usually by 23dBm).

Considerations and guidanceHere are few questions you need to re ect on before you deploy 802.11ac access points:

1. Is your network designed to easily upgrade your existing legacy access points?

Consider these key points:

802.11ac operates in the 5 GHz band only; but it is backward compatible with the 802.11aand 802.11n standardswhich protects your existing 802.11a/n investment.

Gartner asserts that enterprises should optimize the timing of the 802.11ac standardadoption to ensure that any 802.11ac standard-capable access points have integrated

dual-radio functionality to optimize the 802.11ac standard, which operates at 5 GHz,and also support 2.4 GHz legacy clients. 2

Backhaul infrastructure might need to be upgraded in preparation for supporting higherthroughput. In the past, 14 Gb/s uplinks were su cient on the edge switch. With the802.11ac standard, you should put in place 1040 Gb/s uplinks to the core of the networkfrom the edge switch, as each access point can deliver close to 1 Gb/s by itself.

Power consumption of 802.11ac access points will increase and you may need to reviewyour Power over Ethernet (PoE) capability. In some cases, 802.3af PoE may not be enoughto power your 802.11ac access points.

There are issues involved with using 80 MHz channels (refer to the next question).

Network World published an article on October 7, 2013, which re ected on the testing of802.11ac (Wave 1) access points with 802.11n clientsand how it resulted in improvedperformance. The throughput at any given distance from the access point is much betterin IEEE 802.11ac compared to IEEE 802.11n. Even at 60 meters, single-stream IEEE 802.11acoutperforms all but the 2x2 IEEE 802.11n at 40 MHz. Another result is that IEEE 802.11ac accesspoints can service a larger number of clients than IEEE 802.11n access points, says ChrisBrown, the director of business development for Broadcoms wireless connectivity unit . Readthe complete article at: Network World

2. Will you be able to safely utilize 80 MHz channels in your 802.11ac environmentwithout co-channel interference?

To begin with, is there a real need for you to deploy an 80 MHz channel? Are there anybandwidth-hungry applications on the network that use 40 MHz channels for whichthroughput isnt su cient? Depending on the regional limitation, the number of 80 MHzchannels varies from four to six non-overlapping channels. This poses severe challengeswhile designing an RF plan and trying to avoid/minimize co-channel interference andchannel overlapping.

3. Do you have the need to move large amounts of information, such as HD videoapplications?

If that is the case, you need to consider waiting for Wave 2 of the 802.11ac standard, whichincludes MU-MIMO. With MU-MIMO, the access point can serve multiple users at the sametime. And by doing so, it can dramatically reduce the impact on jitter- and latency-sensitiveapplications, providing a much more uni ed experience to all clients. However, keep in mindthat MU-MIMO will require client support and your backhaul infrastructure may need to beupgraded to support the higher throughput delivered by Wave 2 of the 802.11ac standard.

2 Enterprises should optimize the timing of IEEE802.11ac adoption, Gartner ID: G00255400,September 16, 2013.
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/100713-gigabit-wifi-274535.html?page=2http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/100713-gigabit-wifi-274535.html?page=2


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4. Is now a good time for you to deploy Wave 1 of the 802.11ac standard?

It depends on your business needs, your level of satisfaction with your current WLANnetwork, and the budget availability to upgrade your WLAN. If you have an existing 802.11nnetwork, you may be wondering whether you need to replace your 802.11n infrastructure.Again, this decision would be based on your satisfaction with your current networkperformance. You may be able to maintain optimum network performance by utilizingthe HP Wi-Fi Clear Connect solution, which provides an optimal client-WLAN connection.Gartner also indicates that you can extend the useful life of existing 802.11n technology byevaluating existing usage scenarios and, if appropriate, applying interim load-balancing andaccess point management tactics. 3

If you need to expand your 802.11n infrastructure, we recommend you do so by installing thenew 802.11ac access points from HP, for these reasons:

Performance: 802.11n clients o er better performance when working on 802.11ac infrastructure.

Cost perspective: There is a small cost di erence between the 802.11n and 802.11ac standards.

Future upgrade: By choosing to implement an 802.11ac infrastructure, you save yourself theneed to invest again in a future upgrade.

Compatibility: The 802.11ac standard o ers full backward compatibility with the previousstandards (802.11a/b/g and n), protecting your previous investments and allowing all devicesto continue their utilization of the network.

For those with 802.11n networks, struggling with low performance and throughput, installingand commissioning 802.11ac pockets is another option worth considering. This option wouldallow high-density environments and locations in need of high throughput to serve clientsfaster than with the current 802.11n solutions. HP testing indicates that the new-generationradios implemented with the 802.11ac standard allow 802.11n clients to perform better thanthey would with an 802.11n infrastructure. So, this option clearly enables support of 802.11acclients with their higher modulation compared with the previous standards.

If youre an early adopter, you could deploy Wave 1 of the 802.11ac standard now. For thosewith legacy-based networks (i.e. 802.11a/b/g), now would be a good time to start integrating802.11ac access points, as the performance of these standards are no longer capable ofdelivering su cient performance to sustain a satisfactory experience.

Those planning green eld deployments are encouraged to skip the 802.11n standard altogetherand embrace the new 802.11ac standard. As Wave 1 of the 802.11ac standard has already beenrati ed, there is no risk involved. As new networks should be designed to support current andfuture needs, building the infrastructure and edge around the latest standard that provides thehighest capabilities available to date is the rational choice.

HP IEEE 802.11ac position, strategy, and o eringAs the new 802.11ac (Wave 1) standard was rati ed on December 11th, 2013, Wave 2 chipsetmanufacturers are not expected to have silicon available until late 2014 or early 2015. AndWave 2 products are not expected until mid 2015.

With more mobile devices being used in the workplace and congesting the network, you maystruggle to provide the capacity and high-quality end-user experience your users have cometo expect. The new HP 560 and 517 IEEE 802.11ac wireless access points can help you addressthese challenges by o ering support for the growing number of mobile devices in dense areas,while improving the user experience. As new 802.11ac clients become available, you shouldconsider taking full advantage of the enhanced throughput o ered by the IEEE 802.11acstandard in the rst wave.

If you are ready for a 45 year WLAN network refresh and you have clients with IEEE 802.11acchipsets, you may want to invest in the IEEE 802.11ac (Wave 1) standard today. All the currentcontrollers and uni ed wired-wireless controllers from HP are IEEE 802.11ac ready.

As Wave 2 of the standard supports MU-MIMO and will most likely support up to four spatialstreams, each supporting up to 433 Mb/s, it is recommended for organizations in need ofMU-MIMOs increased use of channel e ciency. We expect IEEE 802.11ac client spatial streamcon gurations to experience a similar market roll out as seen with the IEEE 802.11n standarddelivering single and dual spatial-stream clients that take advantage of the MU-MIMOtechnology.


3 Enterprises should optimize the timing of IEEE802.11ac adoption, Gartner ID: G00255400,September 16, 2013.


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Business white paper | Preparing for IEEE 802.11ac Staying ahead with HP NetworkingHP has been talking to organizations across the globe to understand and address networkcomplexity issues with solutions that comply with industr y standards. We have established arange of products built with key industry benchmarks that bring added value to the business:

HP 560 IEEE 802.11ac Dual Radio Access Point: This access point brings 1.3GbE performance,faster application processing, and increased range to 802.11 clients. And it will run on 802.3afPoE. This means that you wouldnt have to upgrade your edge switches to support 802.3atPoE+. The highlights of this access point include:

It is ideal for dense client environments and high-bandwidth applications. It o ers full compatibility with legacy 802.11 clients and existing HP wireless controllers.

It has built-in spectral analysis and integrated wireless IDS/IPSto provide detection,classi cation, intelligent avoidance of non-802.11 interference, and comprehensive threatprotection.

It can be deployed in a managed or autonomous mode.

HP 517 Uni ed Walljack 4: This integrates GbE wired ports and 802.11ac wireless connectivityinto a low-pro le design that can be quickly insta lled in a standard wall-outlet box. It providesfour GbE ports, a dual band 802.11a/b/g/n/ac wireless access point, and a pass-through RJ-45connection to support a range of services and connectivity options. One Ethernet port can becon gured as an 802.3af-compliant PSE port for powering devices such as IP telephones. And itrequires a single PoE cable drop to provide wireless coverage for more than one room.

Unique multicast patents: The patented techniques from HP signi cantly enhance videodatain a way that the current competitive o erings dont. These techniques enable highlyscalable and reliable multicast video streaming, even when some of the clients use the 802.11power-save mode. The solutions available from other vendors solve the reliability problem byconverting multicast to unicast. However, in doing so, scalability is lost. HP solves the reliabilityproblem by using a combination of:

High-throughput multicast data rates, as opposed to legacy-only data rates for multicast

Patented, dynamically adjusting channel width and guard interval for multicast

Patented smart multicast, which allows the best multicast rate to be used, based on history

Patented multicast retry, which allows reliable multicast video streaming, even when some ofthe clients operate in the 802.11 power-save mode

Dynamic multicast-to-unicast conversion, for a smaller number of clients

Optimized WLAN architecture: Any HP 802.11ac dual-radio access point can be deployed asan integral component of our next-generation non-blocking WLAN architecture. The optimizedWLAN architecture support s exible tra c distribution models and combines centralizedmanagement and control with intelligent access points at the edge of the networkforunmatched scalability, performance, and ease of deployment.

The architecture enables optimal application deliverywith a low impact on the wired core,no single point of failure or performance bottlenecks, cost-e ective scalability, and stronginvestment protection. It enhances all VoIP tra c, mitigating latency. The VoIP tra c does notneed to pass through a centralized controller as other vendor architectures mandate.

Enhanced access-point survivability: HP access points will continue to operate without acontroller even after a power failure, using a prior con guration, as long network services such

as DHCP, DNS, and RADIUS are available. New clients can also be authenticated to the network,as the access point can directly communicate with the authentication server.

Realizing a uni ed wired-wireless networkHP has been helping organizations optimize network management by integrating their wiredand wireless networks. We have delivered uni ed networking solutions using:

Single-pane-of-glass management with HP Intelligent Management Center (IMC),which simpli es network management and delivers consistent security for wired andwireless networks

A single operating system with end-to-end quality of service (QoS)4 The HP 517 Uni ed Walljack will be available in

May 2014.


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Uni ed access and policy control associated with a users identity, which provides consistentguest and BYOD access, user authentication, policy enforcement, and user managementacross multivendor wired and wireless networks

Integrated WLAN controller modules for HP modular switching platforms, which saves realestate space and provides redundancy for always-on network access

Dedicated mobility controllers, which deliver exibility and choice

Over the past few years, HP Networking has been making a di erence to the way businesses,educational institutions, and governments nd solutions to their network challenges. Wevebeen delivering a wide range of proven capabilities, which include:

Converged management for wired and wireless networks and client devices

Clear visibility into the usage and active routes of both wired and wireless connections

Accurate WLAN coverage

Dynamic problem resolution, advanced analytics and client selfprovisioning, distributed QoSand application support, and perport intrusion prevention with acceleration

Optimized power for campus networks

Scalable performance from the core to the edge of the entire wired-wireless network

WIDS, which combines the access point functionality with security-sensing capabilities

Radio resource management, helping ensure e cient client-to-access-point load balancing

Wi-Fi Clear Connect, which provides the best possible WLAN connection automatically

In addition, HP Networking is leading the industr y with software-de ned networking (SDN)solutions that are OpenFlow enabled. We have just launched an SDN app store and an SDNdevelopers tool kit. You can access these resources today on the HP Networking webpage:hp.com/networking .

ConclusionIts our recommendation that you carefully scope your business requirements and growth pathwhen investing in the 802.11ac standard. HP sees bene ts in deploying 802.11ac Wave 1 accesspoints, as these access points can increase the overall throughput compared with 802.11naccess points. HP testing also demonstrates an increase in performance with 802.11n clientswhen connected to an 802.11ac access point.

The negligible price di erence between 802.11n and 802.11ac access points is another goodreason to opt for installation of 802.11ac access pointsespecially if you are expanding analready existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. And with the 802.11ac standard o ering full backwardcompatibility with previous standards and 802.11ac access points having dedicated 2.4 GHzradios, previous investment made in client devices stay protected.

In green eld deployments, it makes sense to deploy 802.11ac access points, as data usage andthroughput are expected to grow rapidly every year. Already, we are seeing those with 802.11ndeployments struggling to deliver su cient bandwidth and performance required by todaysapplications. And with the refresh rate of networks ranging from 35 years, we do not believethat 802.11n networks would be able to adequately support capacity needs in a few years.

Learn more at hp.com/networking


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Copyright 20132014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The onlywarranties for HP products and servi ces are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing hereinshould be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial er rors or omissions contained herein.

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