Prepared for Airports Council InternationalNorth America - and … · 2017. 7. 31. · 2016 ACI/IPI...

2016 ACI/IPI Parking SURVEY RESULTS – MARCH 2017

2016 ACI/IPI ParkingSURVEY RESULTSPrepared forAirports Council International-North America and International Parking Institute

byInterVISTAS Consulting, Inc.

March 2017


Table of Contents

1. Survey Background and Purpose

2. Survey Participants

3. Survey Methodology and Limitations

4. Importance of Airport Parking Revenues

5. Gross Parking Revenues

6. Public Parking Space Inventory

7. Public Parking Products

8. Parking Revenues and Transactions

8. Operation of Parking Facilities

9. Payment Types

10. Employee Parking

11. Cell Phone Lot

12. Parking Security

13. Shuttle Buses

14. Off-Airport Parking

15. Sources for Additional Information


Survey Background and Purpose

Since 1970, Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA) has conducted surveys of airport parking every three to five years. The survey results include data describing parking spaces, revenues and transactions, and the resources and methods used to operate parking facilities and shuttle buses, and collect revenues. The results have been useful to airport staff, consultants, and others when comparing parking operations.

This year ACI-NA once again conducted the survey in cooperation with the International Parking Institute (IPI). This cooperative effort resulted in a survey that focused on the specific needs of the airport staff responsible for parking operations on a day-to-day basis. InterVISTAS volunteered to lead the actual survey effort and summarize the results under the guidance of an Advisory Committee.

The members of the Technical Advisory Committee are:

Dorothy Harris (Chair) Denver International Airport

Ferdinando Colavita Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport

Armin Cruz Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

Michael Huggins Portland International Airport

Gary Myers Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport

Bill O’Reilly Albany International Airport

Lisa Ransom Cincinnati Northern Kentucky International Airport

Lenard Robinson Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport

Katie Stanciel Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport

Christopher Oswald Airports Council International-North America

Aneil Patel Airports Council International-North America

Shawn Conrad International Parking Institute

1


Survey Participants

• The staff of the largest 150 airports (ranked by the number of originating passengers) in the U.S. and 9 selected airports in Canada were invited to participate. Of those invited to participate, surveys were completed by staff at:

• 17 of the 30 Large Hub U.S. airports

• 15 of the 30 Medium Hub U.S. airports

• 26 of the 72 Small Hub U.S. airports

• 8 of the 9 Canadian airports*

* For analysis purposes, one Canadian airport was grouped with U.S. Large Hub airports, 6 with U.S. Medium Hub airports, and one with U.S. Small Hub airports

Nearly 60% of all Large and Medium Hub airports participated

56%

58%

37%

22%

Large Hubs

Medium Hubs

Small Hubs

Non-hubs

Response rate by hub category:

2


Survey Participants by FAA Region

• Responses were received from every FAA region

• Responses were received from eightCanadian airports

2 / 37 / 14 6 / 17

3 / 7

1 / 6

7 / 19

20 / 396 / 19

8 / 9

10 / 26

5 = airports that responded15 = airports invited to respond

3


Survey Methodology and Limitations

Survey MethodologyThe Technical Advisory Committee reviewed prior ACI-NA / IPI parking surveys and determined what data are most useful to airport parking operators. Under the guidance of the Technical Advisory Committee, InterVISTAS prepared and conducted the survey using a web-based survey tool. A pilot survey was conducted to test the survey instrument and questions. The final survey was distributed to the individuals responsible for parking operations at the largest 150 airports in the United States and 9 selected airports Canada in September 2016 with responses received from over 70 airports by December 2016.

This report summarizes the responses provided by representatives of 70 airports that provided sufficient valuable data. The number of responses to each question varies, as some airports did not respond fully to each question. The resulting data were reviewed and minor edits made to remove obvious errors. The summarized data are presented in the following pages.

Limitations of DataThe resulting data should be used carefully, recognizing the limited sample size, particularly when comparing data by hub size. The data excludes parking activity and revenues occurring in privately operated off-airport parking facilities. Finally, the data represents the actual responses provided by each participating airport and is thus limited by the accuracy of these data.

The annual originating airline passenger data used in this report were obtained from the FAA OD1A database for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, to correspond to the parking transaction and revenue data provided by the individual airports. The originating airline passenger data include both local residents, who generate parking demands, and non-residents who do not. Airports that primarily serve resident passengers have different parking characteristics than those having a high proportions of non-resident passengers (e.g., Orlando International Airport).

4


Aeronautical Revenue

$10,721 54%

Non-Aeronautical

Revenue$9,105 46%

Land and Non-

Terminal, $692 , 8%

Retail and Duty Free, $742 , 8%

Food and Beverage, $659 , 7%

*Services, $468 , 5%

Hotel, $135 , 2%

Parking and Ground

Transportation, $3,771 , 41%

Rental cars, $1,748 , 19%Other,

$890 , 10%

Why Parking Revenue is Important to Airports

Landside revenues—including parking, ground transportation and rental cars—represent approximately 60% of all non-aeronautical revenues

Total 2015 Operating Revenues for all U.S. Airports (in millions)

* Includes revenues for services such as telecommunications, internet access, advertising, barbershops, shoeshine stands, spas, and revenues from other non-aeronautical terminal uses not otherwise listed.

Source: FAA, AAS-400, CATS Report 127.

5

Total Operating Revenue: $19,826Total Non-Aeronautical Revenue: $9,105


Gross Revenues

Median gross revenue: Large Hubs: $63.4 million

Medium Hubs: $21.4 million

Small Hubs: $9.2 million

Non-hubs: $0.6 million

• Number of potential customers at each airport• Parking rates at each airport, which vary by

community and region• Parking duration (length of stay) patterns at

each airport

• Proportion of customers choosing to park rather being dropped off / picked up at the curbside or using other airport access modes

• Availability of privately-operated off-airport parking operators

These revenue data are influenced by:

$0.00

$20.00

$40.00

$60.00

$80.00

$100.00

$120.00

$140.00

$160.00

$180.00

$200.00

Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs

Gro

ss R

even

ues (

Mill

ions

)

6

= data point significantly different from others


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


Public Parking Space InventoryN

umbe

r of P

arki

ng S

pace

s (Th

ousa

nds)

• The number of parking spaces provided rather than number required at each airport.• For airport capacity (left chart), only the parking spaces located on the airport.At some airports, many of the long-term economy spaces are located off the airport in privately operated lots (right chart). Thus, estimates of future needs prepared using inventory data may under-estimate public parking space needs.

These public parking space data reflect:

Most Large and Medium Hub airports provide more than 7,000 spaces

7

21,700

10,500

3,4001,500

32%

24%

16%

11%

5%8%

3% 3%Shar

e of

Res

pond

ing

Airp

orts

Off-airport share of total public parking supply

At 19% of airports, over 30% of the parking supply is off-airport

x,xxx = median= data point

significantly different from others


Public Parking Space Inventory

Park

ing

Spac

es p

er 1,

000

Orig

inat

ing

Pass

enge

rs

Median public parking spacesper 1,000 originating passengers: Large Hubs: 1.6 spaces

Medium Hubs: 3.5 spaces Small Hubs: 3.2 spaces Non-hubs: 4.5 spaces

Sample size: Large Hubs = 10 airports Medium Hubs = 10 airports Small Hubs = 14 airports• Non-hubs = 3 airports

These data indicate spaces per airline passenger that are provided rather than the spaces actually required to meet demand.

Smaller airports typically provide more spaces per passenger

0.1

1

10

100

0.1 1 10 100

Tota

l Num

ber o

f Spa

ces

(tho

usan

ds)

Originating Passengers (millions)

Originating Passengers vs. Total Spaces


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


8


Public Parking Products

• Over 75% of Large and Medium Hubs, and over 50% of Small Hubs, provide parking in structures

• 17% of responding airports indicated availability of one or more “premium” products, including products offering reservations, memberships, and guaranteed spaces

• 35% of responding airports provide special rates for disabled parkers, 23% provide special rates for military veterans or disabled military veterans

56%

78%83%

33%

45%

85%80%

35%

7%

56%48%

4%0%

25%

50%

0%

Valet Short-term Long-term Economy

Large Hubs Medium Hubs Short Hubs Non-hubs

22%17%

44%

78%

0%5%

40%

60%

19%

70%74%

67%

0%

75% 75%

25%


Large Hubs Medium Hubs Short Hubs Non-hubs

9

Percent of Hubs Offering the Following Products in Parking Structures

Percent of Hubs Offering the Following Products in Surface Lots


On average, airports reported 352 transactionsper 1,000 originating passengers

Transactions per Originating Passenger

Chart excludes data point for DFW (1,472 transactions per 1,000 passengers), which processed over 12 million transactions for vehicles that did not park. At DFW, all to access the airport terminals.

The data for these public parking transactions reflect:

• Only parking transactions occurring on the airport

• The proportion of short-duration versus long-duration customers at each airport. Airports with more short-duration customers will have more transactions per passenger

10

Median public parking spacesper 1,000 originating passengers: Large Hubs: 232 transactions Medium Hubs: 247 transactions Small Hubs: 466 transactions

Sample size: Large Hubs = 16 airports Medium Hubs = 12 airports Small Hubs = 18 airports

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs


Revenues and Transactions by Parking Product

0.0%

0.4%

14.2%

35.6%

49.7%

5.1%

1.8%

15.3%

25.0%

52.9%

10.4%

0.0%

1.1%

19.6%

26.3%

42.6%

Other

Reserved

Valet

Economy

Long-term

Short-term


0.1%

3.0%

15.7%

57.2%

24.0%

9.5%

2.6%

15.7%

36.6%

35.6%

8.0%

0.0%

3.3%

25.2%

47.6%

15.9%

Other

Reserved

Valet

Economy

Long-term

Short-term


11

Transactions by Product Revenue by Product


Large Hubs $73.46 $8.70 $46.21 $46.14

Medium Hubs $54.72 $16.46 $46.97 $34.27

Small Hubs $127.36 $6.84 $31.56 $24.74

Combined $77.46 $10.22 $40.81 $37.00

The largest proportion of “Other” transactions and revenue consists of vehicles entering DFW that do not park. At DFW, all vehicles must pass through the parking entry and exit plazas to access the airport terminals.

Average Revenue per Transaction by Product Type

Large Hub Medium Hubs Small Hubs


Operation of Parking Facilities

Over 70% of airports use a contractor for parking operations and of those, most employ

management agreements

By Airport

17%

By Contractor

83%

Management Agreement

87%

Other7%

Concession Agreement

6%

Large Hubs Medium Hubs

By Airport

15%

By Contractor

85%


53%

Other41%


6%

By Airport

29% By Contractor

71%


65%

Other5%


30%

Small Hubs

12

Of airports offering valet parking, 60% operate valet parking through their overall parking management contractor and 40% use a separate contractor.


Operation of Parking Facilities

Most airports oversee parking operations, facility maintenance, and contracts, through their finance/business department

34%

57%

9%

16%

70%

14%

22%

21%

40%

18%

36%51%

13%

42%

2%

48%

8%

40%49%

12%

*Includes Finance, Properties, Concessions, and/or Commercial Development13

Employee Parking Operations

Shuttle Bus Operations (or Shuttle Bus Contractor)

Taxis, Limos, and Other Ground Transportation Services

Parking Contract Management

Public Parking Operations

Parking Facility/Equipment Maintenance (or Maintenance Contractor)

Operations Finance/Business* Multiple Departments Facility Maintenance


Cost of Parking Operations

$4.59

$1.92

$0.38

$5.61

$2.80

$2.20

$3.34

$1.98

$0.65

$4.49

$5.39

$1.13


$0.67

$0.29

$0.05

$0.77

$0.36

$0.37

$0.83

$0.43

$0.12

$0.35

$0.28

$0.28


14

Average Cost per Passenger Average Cost per Transaction

Methods of reporting operating costs and responsibilities vary widely among airports. Costs also reflect local conditions (especially snow), age and size of parking facilities, and the proportion of spaces in parking structures versus surface parking lots.

Average operating costs as a share of gross revenues: Large Hubs 18% Medium Hubs 22% Small Hubs 30% Non-hubs 27%

Large Hub

Medium Hubs

Small Hubs

Non-Hubs

Total OperatingCosts

Personnel

Maintenance(Excluding Labor)


Payment Type

Over 45% of the exits occur in staffed lanes; over 65% of revenue is paid using credit cards16.3%

23.2%

16.7%

8.5%

11.5%

1.2%

7.2%

15.4%

23.7%

30.3%

10.3%

18.6%

11.7%

1.3%

3.8%

0.4%

30.1%

29.5%

4.0%

24.3%

12.0%

0.1%

38.5%

49.0%

4.0%

7.3%

1.3%

Staffed - Cash/Check

Staffed - Credit/Debit

Pay-on-Foot

Ticket In/Credit Out

Credit In/Out

Monthly Access Card

AVI (toll)

Other

12.8%

0.6%

73.0%

6.9%

6.7%

12.1%

0.6%

76.0%

0.8%

4.1%

6.4%

17.3%

6.8%

65.3%

0.1%

1.8%

8.8%

10.5%

64.5%

25.0%

Cash

Check

Credit/Debit

Prepaid

AVI (toll)

Other

15

Share of Transactions by

Payment Type

Share of Revenues by

Payment Type

Large Hub Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs


Employee Parking

Over 90% of employee spaces were walkable at 17% of Large Hubs, 36% of Medium Hubs, and 58% of Small Hubs

16

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000


Employee Parking Spaces –Walkable to Terminal Area

Employee Parking Spaces –Require Shuttle

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000




$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

Large Hubs MediumHubs

Small Hubs

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60


Small Hubs

Employee Parking Fees

Monthly employee parking fees typically vary between $50 and $100 at Large Hub airports and $0 to $50 at Medium and Small hub airports

17

Airport Staff

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100


Small Hubs

Based/DomiciledAirlines Employees

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100


Small Hubs

Non-Based/Non-Domiciled Airlines Employees

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100


Small Hubs

Tenants/Concessionaires(Non-Federal, Non-Airline)

Transportation SecurityAdministration


$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100


Small Hubs

FAA & Customs andBorder Protection


0

100

200

300

400

500

600


Cell Phone Lot

Almost all responding Large and Medium Hub airports have cell phone lots

18

Airports with cell phone lots: 93% of Large Hubs

92% of Medium Hubs

71% of Small Hubs

33% of Non-hubs

Num

ber o

f Par

king

Spac

es In

Cel

l Pho

ne Lo

t

Cell Phone Lot Capacity



57%50%

79% 79%

21%

93%

57%

21%

64%

7%

92%

42%50%

83%

25%

58%

42%

8%

42%

86%

36%29%

64%

14%

57%50%

7%

36%

100% 100%

33%

67%

33%

100%

67%

33%

67%

Cameras Armed Patrols Unarmed Patrols Random Patrols Scheduled Patrols Vehicular Patrols Foot Patrols Horseback/bicyclePatrols

CCTV None

62%54%

62%

85%

8%

77%

23%15%

69%

8%

75%

33%42%

83%

25%

67%

25%

0%

42%

0%

79%

36%29%

64%

14%

57%

29%

7%

29%

67% 67%

33%

67%

33%

67%

33%

0%

33%

Cameras Armed Patrols Unarmed Patrols Random Patrols Scheduled Patrols Vehicular Patrols Foot PatrolsHorseback/bicycle

Patrols CCTV None

Parking Security

Use of security measures by airports at public and employee parking facilities by percent of airports using each measure

19

Large Hub Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs

Cameras ArmedPatrols

UnarmedPatrols

RandomPatrols

ScheduledPatrols

VehicularPatrols

FootPatrols

HorsebackBicycle Patrols CCTV None

PublicParking

EmployeeParking


Shuttle Bus Service

• Airports with shuttle bus service to public or employee parking facilities:

• 93% of Large Hub airports

• 71% of Medium Hub airports

• 29% of Small Hub airports

• 0% of Non-hub airports

• Service hours: Of 21 reporting airports, 20 operated shuttle buses 24 hours per day

• Average headways for airport parking shuttle vehicles

• Up to 5 minutes: 38%

• 5 to 10 minutes: 48%

• Over 10 minutes: 14%

• Seating capacity of airport parking shuttle vehicles

• Up to 15 seats: 36%

• 16 to 29 seats: 41%

• 30 seats and up: 23%

20


Shuttle Bus Operations

• Parking shuttle bus contracts:

• Of 18 responding Large and Medium Hub airports, 5 have an agreement directly with a shuttle bus operator, 11 contract shuttle bus service through their parking operator, and 2 self-operate the shuttle buses

• Of 4 responding Small Hub airports, 1 has an agreement directly with a shuttle bus operator and 3 contract shuttle bus service through their parking operator

• Vehicle purchase and maintenance:

• Of 22 responding airports, 15 were responsible for vehicle purchases, 6 used their shuttle operator for vehicle purchases, and 1 used both approaches.

• Of 22 responding airports, 9 were responsible for vehicle maintenance and 13 used their shuttle operator for vehicle maintenance

• Fuel used for parking shuttle buses:

• Regular fuel (diesel or gasoline) is used by 22% of Large Hub airports and 75% of Medium and Small Hub airports

• CNG is used by 67% of Large Hub airports, 13% of Medium Hub airports, and 25% of Small Hub airports

• One Large Hub airport reported using Bio-diesel and one Medium Hub airport reported using electric vehicles

21


Off-Airport Parking

Airports charging off-airport parking operator privilege fees(i.e., percent of gross revenues)

Yes36.8%

No31.6%

Did not respond

31.6%

Yes23.8%

No23.8%

Did not respond

52.4%

Yes11.1%

No3.7%

Did not respond

85.2%

Of airports charging off-airport parking privilege fees, 73% charge a fee calculatedas 10% of the business’ gross parking revenues. Other airports charge a lower

percentage or vary the percentage based on an operator’s annual revenues.

22

Large Hub AirportsSample size = 19

Medium Hub AirportsSample size = 21

Small Hub AirportsSample size = 27


Sources for Additional Information

Airports Council International-North AmericaAneil PatelDirector, Air [email protected]

Christopher OswaldVice President, Safety and Regulatory [email protected]

International Parking InstituteShawn Conrad, CAEChief Executive [email protected]

Dorothy Harris, CAPP (Chair, Airport Parking Survey Advisory Committee)Senior Vice President, Parking and Transportation Systems, Denver International Airport [email protected]

InterVISTAS Consulting Inc.Peter MandleExecutive Vice [email protected]

Gavin DuncanSenior Vice [email protected]

This report was prepared by the following InterVISTAS staff: Stephanie Box, Gavin Duncan, Peter Mandle, Derek Marazzo.

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Prepared for Airports Council InternationalNorth America - and … · 2017. 7. 31. · 2016 ACI/IPI...

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