Prepared by Elie F. Issa, Eng. D.E.C.

August 2016

SAMA BEIRUT

Sama Beirut is the tallest reinforced concrete tower in Lebanon soaring at a height of 220m from ground level

Project Entities

Owner Antonios Projects

Owner Representative Eng. Elie F. Issa

Marketing & Sales Prime Consult

Project Manager D.G.Jones & Partners (ME)

Lead Consultant Erga

Main Contractor MAN Enterprise

And many sub consultants & subcontractors

A word about real estate market in Lebanon

The market demand nowadays leans towards smallapartments and loft style apartments which is the new trend.

Vertical longitudinal buildings better fit these requirementsthan the low rise buildings

Going vertical does not use large spaces of land andcomprises more offices and residential spaces.

Going vertical leaves ground floor spaces for greenery andpublic areas.

Going vertical releases the views giving 360 degreespanoramic exposure of properly designed.

A word about Sama Beirut Sama Beirut offers retail space, offices & residential units

Flexibility in sizes & types of residential units and offices.

Areas ranging from 290 m2 for simplexes to 500 m2 duplexes

A penthouse of 1,400 m2 as a villa in the sky & amenities

6 Basements offering 720 parkings despite Beirut congestion

State of the art Home Automation systems for the next decade

Centrally located in the capital which is a key factor in real estate

5,000 m2 of land & 1,000 m2 tower footprint, rest is landscaped

LEED environmental design first of its nature in Lebanon

Optimized utilities cost thanks to energy saving LEED design

BMU especially customized for continuous cleaning of facade.

Structural Elements Key Features

Quantity of Concrete in Foundation 8,200 m3

Quantity of Concrete in Structure 40,000 m3

Quantity of Reinforcing Steel in Foundation 1,500 T

Quantity of Reinforcing Steel in Structure 10,000 T (Excluding the Post Tensioned PT Slabs)

Steel Reinforcement Specifications

Especially imported for Sama Beirut with high ductility

This steel type was not available in the local market

Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60 (Grade 420 MPa), deformed

Low-Alloy-Steel Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 706/A 706M, deformed

Concrete Mix Design Specifications

The highest concrete mix design is (70 Mpa)

Actual compressive strength exceeds 80 Mpa

Cement content 450 kg / m3

Water / cement ratio w/c = from 0.3 to 0.4

Renowned laboratory for testing ACTS

Third Party Control office BVL

The design in accordance with UBC 1997 codeconsidering a zone factor of Z=0.25g

This is equivalent to 7.5 on the Richter Scale

As per the requirements of the Lebanese Public safetyLaw, decree #7964 (issued in 07-04-2012 and applicablesince 06-12-2012).

Additional seismic construction detailing wereconsidered to increase the ductility of the reinforcedconcrete primary members.

Outriggers also connecting core walls CW1 & CW2

Closure strip connecting the core wall and the slabs

"Bearing wall system with reinforcedconcrete shear walls" is the adopted mainlateral load resisting system

Central core-wall connected to the outerframe’s wing walls with reinforcedconcrete outriggers located at thedifferent technical floors

Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin Inc. (RWDI) was retained by Erga tostudy the structural wind loading

The wind tunnel data were analytically analyzed with the structuralproperties of the tower

The objectives of this study were:

- To provide wind loading information for the overall structuraldesign

- To determine the wind-induced accelerations at the uppermostoccupied floors

The wind tunnel test shows the wind load to be prevailing over theseismic load on the façade (on the lateral facades of the tower)

The above allowed for a revised structural report and cladding report

The results showed low wind speeds of 1.5 kpa (150 kg/m2) at thelow zones and high speeds of 3.25 kpa (325 kg/m2) at the high zones.

The façade was subjected to several testing at3rd party laboratory testing with M/S Exova inDubai. Tests were the following:

Static air pressure water penetration

Dynamic air pressure water penetration

Wind resistance serviceability test

Wind resistance safety was 150% from actualpressure

To note that according to the most stringentscenario, the windows and façade systems.

Soil profile type marl rock soil is used in line with the project’s geotechnical report findings

Foundation was designed as deep foundation with piles 26 meters deep

Then it became matt foundation under the tower with strip footings to counter the uplift from the swelling effect of the soil

When swelling was not an issue, the foundation design became a raft over the area

The soil profile is constituted of a top soil, overlaying a soft Beige Marl and followed be a Grey Compact Marl considered as quasi impervious.

SOIL PROFILE

D-Wall – Shoring works

D-Wall serves as permanent wall & tanking system to the structure.

4 levels of anchors over more than 20m deep

Special water treatment done later to prevent leakage

Seven basements covering all the surface of the plot (~ 5.000 m²) were executed.

The shoring is a Permanent Diaphragm Wall of 62 cm thick, it was maintained during the working phases with anchors and struts and directly supported with the basement slabs during the final service phase.

SHORING

The Diaphragm Wall acts also as a deep foundation, while the tower itself was founded on a general raft of 3m thick, covering about 1.500 m² only.

FOUNDATION

Considering a Water Head of 21m, the inflow of water entering the excavation should not exceed :

Q ≈ 10 m³/h

for the whole site.

With such a limited value, a permanent pumping network was implemented, eliminating thus the uplift pressure and the need for tension piles.

Ech : 1/150

+37.9

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WATER INFLOW

During Construction of Foundation

Sama Beirut Raft foundation is huge in terms of both depth and surface area

The area of the raft stretches over 5,000 m2

Depths ranges between 3.2m to 4.5m deep in the elevators pits.

During Construction of FoundationTemperature control, due to hydration process was achieved by:

The use of thermo-couplers on three 3 levels, low, mid and upper.

The use of Styrofoam on the top of the Raft

Curing to control the effects of hydration

Continuous readings to monitor temperture

During Construction of Foundation Pouring sequence done in 4 separate zones to

prevent cold joints

The distribution of the concrete very well studied due to the huge area of the raft

Special arrangement with the municipality done to guarantee continuous pouring (24 hrs)

During Construction of Foundation

All aggregates from a single source

Make sure there is uniformity

Same chemical & physical properties in mix

Testing done many times & before pouring

Make sure quality control is assured

Settlement Monitoring Devices

Required to install a system for measurement of

the Tower Raft settlement and load transferthrough the main structural members to the raft.

The system monitors the raft lateral movement and inclination along with load cells under the major structural load bearing mega columns.

BTS

BC 1

BC 4

BC 2

BC 3

BC 6

BC 5

BC 7

SETLLEMENT STRIP

SETLLEMENT STRIP

SETTLEMENT

STRIP

TOWER FOOTPRINT

LOW RISEAREAS

MODEL: GEOKON A3 MPBX

DATE INST: Oct 2011

40-M DEEP HOLES

FOUR ANCHORS PER HOLE

Settlement strip pouring procedure

Settlement monitoring devices installed to measure the settlement of the building

Sensors installed at 5 different locations at different depths

Settlement is measured during construction & a minimum of three 3 years after construction

Several structural elements are poured late when the structure has settled enough

These include the settlement strip between the tower and podium, outrigger walls etc…

Settlement strip pouring procedure

The late pouring elements were cast when the structure was complete

The readings of the settlement monitoring devices indicated a settlement of 1.3 cm

Compensation in the settlement was taken into account in the upper floors vertical elements

The overall projected settlement of the structure is about 2.2 cm validated by actual readings

Concrete Mix Design

The increase of the strength of the concrete mix design was achieved not by the addition of cement but rather the control of the water to cement ratio which is much better. To note that the ACI does not limit the cement content in the mix design which in SB is 450kg/m3

Testing for Creep & ShrinkageThe testing for creep and shrinkage was done by an internationally renowned and certified laboratory based in the United Kingdom over a period of 12 months. As such, and based on the results received, the structural design was updated and other late pouring elements were poured mainly the closure strip between the core walls and slabs on each floor.

Post Tension Slabs

Area of post tension 40,000 m2

Compressive strength f’c = 50 MPA

Ultra thin post tension slabs of 22 cm

Big Span lengths

Number of columns minimized

Core Wall Construction Method

ACS used (Automatic Climbing System)

Operated by hydraulic Jacks & placing boom on top

Optimizes pouring cycle time & minimizes labor force

Has three levels, pouring, formwork & concrete repair

Core wall always is ahead of slabs by 3 floors