10.07.15 Visual Discussion 6Fluctuating Views of Americans on Colonial Experience of Koreans Colonial Period Japanese Rule as positive During the Asia- Pacific War KoreaTriangular Reality of Colonial Life ColonialismModern Education under Colonial RuleModernizationNationalism

Japan introduced the modern education system into Korean with one of the most proactive educational traditions in the world A double- edged sword for colonizer and colonized Education not only gets them ahead in the social hierarchy but also awakens them to the ironies of colonial realities Individuals are torn psychologically First, before the colonization depending on scholars, 3,000 schools opened between 1900-1910 for 10 year period before the colonization. Restricted private schools established by Koreans before 1910 Korean Educational Ordinance in 1911 (four- year primary education, 4/3 tear secondary educations, 2-3 year vocational education) 6 year elementary school 5 years middle for boys 4 years middle for girls After 1919, Japan changed the primary schools to a 6- year education for all genders (1922) Koreans wanted more education and upward nobilitySocial Curriculum In primary schools, ratios dedicated to learning Japanese to algebra changed 39.7 to 18.6 in 1920s, 37.6% to 17.67% in early 1930s, and 35.2% to 16.5% in late 1930s. More emphasis on school discipline in 1930s and on Militaristic, totalitarian and pseudo- religious Different ceremonies celebrating Emperor, suing Shinto shrines pseudo- religious rituals Colonial Contradictions In pre-colonial Korea, Choson founded modern systems such as mining, postal, electric schools and produced 3,600 survey engineers, Japan converted these school to practical knowledge centers that carried out low level training. Japan set up professional training school for science and technology one-third of enrollment was allocated to Koreans Kejo Imperial University was founded in 1924