Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.
-
Upload
richard-bradford -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.
![Page 1: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prelude to Global War
Angela Brown
Chapter 14 Section 1
1
![Page 2: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fascism and Nazism
• In Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union totalitarian government controlled every aspect of life.
• Used terror to suppress individual rights and to silence all forms of opposition
• Hitler and Mussolini based their government on fascism – places the importance of the nation above the value of the individual
• They focused on need to rebuild Germany and Italy.
2
![Page 3: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.soldat.com/Kunst%2520
Hitler.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.soldat.com/kunst%2520Hitler.htm&h=638&w=507&sz=36&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=qPSj9jejI8scaM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhitler%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN
http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-leaders/ww2/mussolini.htm
3
![Page 4: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Communism = all society jointly owns nation’s means of production (workers owners = no conflict)
• Fascism allows private business (conflicts resolved by government power)
• Both – Individual rights and freedoms are lost as everyone works for the benefit of society and the nation.
4
![Page 5: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mussolini Controls Italy
• Benito Mussolini joined with other dissatisfied war veterans to organize the revolutionary Fascist party in 1919.
• Il Duce (“ the leader”) – relied on gangs of fascist thugs – Blackshirts – to terrorize and control opposition
• 1922 Mussolini threatened to March on Rome, the King panicked and appointed him Prime Minister.
5
![Page 7: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
http://www.coranix.com/killers/mussolini.jpg7
![Page 8: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Mussolini suspended elections, outlawed all other political parties and established a dictatorship.
• 1935 invaded Ethiopia by March 1936 had control.
8
![Page 9: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hitler Rules Germany
• Austrian painter, wounded in WWI, enraged by terms of peace settlement.
• 1919 joined National Socialist German Workers’ party, or Nazi Party.
• November 1923 attempted to overthrow government with 3000 followers – caught and sentenced to five years – confined 9 months.
9
![Page 10: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mein Kampf
• In prison wrote Mein Kampf (“My struggle”)• Outlined Nazi philosophy, views of Germany’s
problems, plans for nation.• Germany had been weakened by certain groups –
blamed Jewish population for Germany’s defeat in WWI
• Called for the expansion and purification of the Aryan “race”.
10
![Page 11: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Promised to stabilize economy and restore lost empire.
• Jan 1933 Nazi party largest group in the Reichstag (the German parliament) = Hitler head of German State
• Silenced opposition, suspended civil liberties, took dictorial powers – took the title Der Fuhrer, or “the leader”
11
![Page 12: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nazi Party
http://www.galenfrysinger.com/images/nurnbe1.gif 12
![Page 13: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
http://www.wwnorton.com/nrl/english/nawol/maps/MAP36WII.JPG13
![Page 14: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Europe Goes to War
• March 1936 – German troops moved into Rhineland, border of France and Belgium.
• Clearly violating the Versailles Treaty.• Germany was not ready to fight.• Later admitted he would have withdrawn if either
nation had resisted him. • 1936 signed alliance with Mussolini – created an
“axis” between Rome and Berlin • Later joined by Japan to become the axis powers.
14
![Page 15: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Axis Powers
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/c/c1/400px-WWII.png 15
![Page 16: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The German Empire Grows
• Encouraged by success in the Rhineland – March 1938 Hitler invaded and annexed Austria
• Britain and France protested – Germany Defiant • Hitler then demanded the Sudentenland of
Czechoslovakia.• Representatives from England, France, Germany
and Italy met in Munich in 1938 .
16
![Page 17: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Followed a policy of appeasement or giving in to someone’s demands to keep the peace.
• Neither were ready to fight – remembered costs of WWI
• Agreed to give Germany Sudentenland – chose dishonor over war said Winston Churchill – member of Parliament
• 1939 Hitler annexed the rest of Czechoslovakia.
17
![Page 18: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Winston Churchill
http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/winston_churchill.htm18
![Page 19: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Britain and France again warned against expansion – pledged support to Poland if invaded
• Hitler unconcerned – signed treaty with Soviet Union so he would face no threat from the East
• Sept 1939 invaded Poland.• Two days later Britain and France declared war on
Germany.
19
![Page 20: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Blitzkrieg and Sitzkrieg
• Blitzkrieg or “lightning war” – rapid strikes before enemy had time to react
• Overran Poland in less than a month
• Stalin seized eastern Poland for the Soviet Union
• Lull = Sitzkrieg or “sit-down war”
20
![Page 21: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Germany watched French forces build a system of defenses along German border – called “the phony war” by U.S. press.
• April 9, 1940 Hitler attacked Denmark and Norway.
• May 10 1940 – launched blitzkrieg on Belgium, the Netherlands, and France – all three quickly overwhelmed.
21
![Page 22: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• 900 small private crafts braved attacks by Luftwaffe (German air force) to carry 340,000 soldiers across English Channel to Great Britain.
• June 14 German troops entered Paris France surrendered.
• Great Britain now stood alone.
22
![Page 23: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Luftwaffe
http://www.axishistory.com/fileadmin/user_upload/l/luftwaffe-logo-large.jpg23
![Page 24: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Battle of Britain
• Hitler massed troops on French Coast 20 miles away across English Channel.
• Launched greatest air assault the world had yet seen.
• 1,000 planes a day rained bombs on Britain.
24
![Page 25: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
http://library.thinkquest.org/17573/maps/map.htm25
![Page 26: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
London Damage
http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/wwii/photos/gallery_006/V2%20damage%20London%20.jpg
26
![Page 27: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Royal Air Force (RAF) greatly outnumbered; RAF pilots often flew six and seven missions a day.
• End of 1941 20,000 killed and 73,000 injured in London
27
![Page 28: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Royal Air Force (RAF)
http://www.holum.net/gen/squadron26.htm 28
![Page 29: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Japan Builds an Empire
• Japanese needed raw materials, markets, and land = desire to establish empire
• Great Depression added to woes = more military power.
• 1931 seized Manchuria.
• 1937 aggression toward China.
29
![Page 30: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
http://www.shsu.edu/~his_sub/map--imperial%20japan.jpg30
![Page 31: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• By 1940 Japanese controlled most of eastern China.
• Set sights on Southeast Asia and the Dutch East Indies‘.
• Joined Axis powers – Tripartheid Pact 1940• Signed Neutrality Pact with Soviet Union.• Ready to challenge Europeans and Americans for
supremacy in Asia.
31
![Page 32: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Jesse Owens
• 1936 Olympic Games in Munich Owens won 4 gold medals in track and field events.
• He was African American.
• Hitler was furious.
• He expected a showcase of German athletes’ superiority due to “non-Aryan” inferiority.
32
![Page 33: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Jesse Owens
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/triumph/owens-medal.jpg33
![Page 34: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
1936 Olympics in Berlin
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/triumph/owens-sprint.jpg34
![Page 35: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The American Response
• 1938 FDR began naval build up in the Pacific.
• 1939 moved American Pacific fleet from San Diego, Cal. to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
35
![Page 36: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/PEARLH-W1.gif 36
![Page 37: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
American Remains Neutral
• Disillusioned by WWI – fought to make the world safe for democracy – now questioned if actions made any difference
• Nation had enough problems at home.
• U.S. economy trapped in Great Depression.
37
![Page 38: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
U.S. Policies
• Supported policy of Isolationism – U.S. interests better served by staying out of other nations quarrels
• Congress passed Neutrality Acts – declared that U.S. would withhold weapons and loans from all nations at war
• “Cash and Carry” policy – nonmilitary goods sold to nations at war be paid for in cash and transported by purchaser
• Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed GB and France to purchase weapons on a cash and carry basis – later amended to allow U.S. Merchant Ships to transfer to GB – no loans or purchases on credit.
38
![Page 39: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
American Involvement Grows
• German aggression scared Americans.• Allowed FDR to trade 50 old destroyers to GB in
return for permission to build bases on British territory in Western Hemisphere.
• Congress authorized first peace time draft.• Selective Service Act required all males 21-36 to
register for military service – limited number selected to serve a year in army.
39
![Page 40: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• November 1940 FDR won re-election to 3rd term.• 1941 proposed provide war supplies to GB
without any payment in return.• Lend-Lease Act, March 1941, authorized
President to aid any nation whose defense is believed to be vital to American security.
• U.S. became “the great arsenal of democracy”
40
![Page 41: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
• Japanese demanded control and occupied French colonies in Indochina – mid 1941.
• FDR froze Japanese financial assets in U.S. and cut off all trade with Japan.
• Oct. 1941, Gen. Hideki Tojo became Prime Minister of Japan and supported war with U.S.
http://sc.groups.msn.com/tn/BF/71/sequitur/35/7ec.jpg
41
![Page 42: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• FDR proposed resume trade if Japan halt troop movement – still hoped for peace.
• November 25, U.S. government learned Japanese fleet moving toward Southeast Asia.
• U.S. demanded Japan withdraw from all conquered territory and Tripartite Pact.
• A second fleet of 6 aircraft carriers and more than 20 other ships were underway.
42
![Page 43: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
• Japan had decided must destroy U.S. fleet in Hawaii if goals were to be met in Asia.
• Dec. 7, 1941, 180 Japanese warplanes overhead.
• Most of Pacific fleet lay anchored at Pearl Harbor in an area less than (3) square miles.
• Less than 2 hours 2400 Americans killed – 1200 wounded.
43
![Page 44: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
http://www.us.oup.com/us/brochure/0195182200/maps/0195307674pearlharbor.jpg44
![Page 45: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
http://www.delsjourney.com/images/family_history/ww2/neosho/pearl_harbor/Oahu_Attack_Plan_-_132dpi.gif45
![Page 46: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g470000/g474789.jpg 46
![Page 47: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• 300 U.S. warplanes sunk or damaged. (8 of 9 battleships)
• Japan lost 29 planes.
• Stunned Americans
• FDR stated this is “a date which will live in infamy,” next day ask Congress to declare War on Japan.
47
![Page 48: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
FDR
http://i43.photobucket.com/albums/e399/Leopardtini/fdr-1.jpg
48
![Page 49: Prelude to Global War Angela Brown Chapter 14 Section 1 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e105503460f94afb45b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• Three days later Germany and Italy declared war on U.S.
• Japanese missed three aircraft carriers and the fleets heavy cruisers - their main goal.
• Two at sea and One in CA for repairs.
49