The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Abbay Basin Authority

Wetlands Ecosystems Coverage,Status and Threats in the

Abbay River Basin

Conducted By:

Getnet Hunegnaw

Habib Mengesha

Alemante Aimro

Biazin Ferede

Abbay Basin Authority

December, 2013

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... ii

List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. iv

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. v

Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... vi

Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ vii

Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Objectives of the assessment .......................................................................................... 3

1.3 Scope of the assessment ................................................................................................. 3

2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Wetlands in the world ........................................................................................................ 4

2.2 Wetlands in Ethiopia ......................................................................................................... 6

2.3 Wetlands in the Abbay Basin ........................................................................................... 8

2.4 Classification of wetlands ............................................................................................... 10

2.5 Functions of wetlands ..................................................................................................... 12

2.5.1 Wetland economic values ..................................................................................................... 13

3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 15

3.1 Description of Assessment Areas ................................................................................. 15

3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods ........................................................................ 17

4. Findings of the Assessment and Discussion ..................................................................... 17

4.1 Wetlands Distribution in the Abbay Basin ................................................................ 17

4.2 Uses of wetlands in the Abbay River Basin ................................................................ 23

4.2.1 Fisheries ........................................................................................................................ 24

4.2.2 Food supply ................................................................................................................... 25

4.2.4 Material supply .............................................................................................................. 26

4.2.5 Water supply ................................................................................................................. 27

4.2.6 Urban wastewater and Surface runoff treatment ................................................... 28

4.3 Bird Species Diversity ..................................................................................................... 28

4.4 Plant Species Diversity ................................................................................................... 29

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4.5 Current wetlandmanagementsystems……………………………………………….30

4.6 Threats of Wetlands ........................................................................................................ 30

4.7 Legal Frameworks ........................................................................................................... 31

4.8 Strategic issues for future wetland management ....................................................... 32

5. Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................................... 33

5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 33

5.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 35

References .................................................................................................................................. 37

Annexes ....................................................................................................................................... 41

Annex I. Assessment Questionnaires ................................................................................ 41

Annex II. Bird Species .......................................................................................................... 45

Annex III. Plant Species ........................................................................................................ 46

Annex IV. Wild Animals ........................................................................................................ 49

Annex V. Reptiles .................................................................................................................. 49

Annex VI. Fishes ................................................................................................................... 49

Annex VII. Lists of wetlands found in the Tana sub basin ............................................... 50

Annex VIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Debub Gojjam sub basin ............................ 59

Annex IX. Lists of wetlands found in the Fincha sub basin ........................................... 74

Annex X. Lists of wetlands found in the Beles sub basin ............................................... 82

Annex XI. Lists of wetlands found in the DiDessa sub basin ......................................... 84

Annex XII. Lists of wetlands found in the Dabus sub basin ........................................... 84

Annex XIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin .......................................... 85

Annex XIV. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin ..................................................... 85

Annex XV. Lists of wetlands found in North Gojjam sub basin ................................................. 85

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List of Figures

Figure 2 1 Wetalds distribution around Lake Tana .................................................................. 9

Figure 3. 1 Assessment Study areas ........................................................................................ 16

Figure 4. 1 Wetland distributions in Tana sub basin at wereda level .................................. 19

Figure 4. 2 Wetland distributions in Debub Gojjam sub basin at wereda level .................. 20

Figure 4. 3 Wetland distributions in Fincha sub basin at wereda level ............................... 20

Figure 4. 4 Wetland distributions in Dabus sub basin at wereda level ................................ 21

Figure 4. 5 Wetland distributions in Didessa sub basin at wereda level ............................. 21

Figure 4. 6 Wetland distributions in Muger sub basin at wereda level ................................ 22

Figure 4. 7 Wetland distributions in Welaka sub basin at wereda level .............................. 22

Figure 4. 8 Wetland distributions in Beshilo sub basin at wereda level .............................. 23

Figure 4. 9 Wetland distributions in Jemma sub basin at wereda level .............................. 23

Figure 4. 10 Rice cultivation in Fogera swamps ................................................................... 25

Figure 4. 11 Wetlands used for grazing .................................................................................. 26

Figure 4. 12 Local boats made from wetland products (Papyrus) in Lake Tana ............. 27

Figure 4. 13 Flock of Eurasian Cranes and other large waterbirds, Fogera Plain, ........ 29

Figure 4. 14 Nymphaea sp. and sedges along roadside wetlands in Fogera Plain ........ 30

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List of Tables

Table 2. 1 Wetland types ............................................................................................................ 6

Table 2. 2 Wetland distribution by region in Ethiopia ............................................................ 7

Table 2. 3 Wetland goods and services, intrinsic attributes and ecological functions .... 14

Table 4. 1 Typical loss of wetland areas in Tana Sub- basin .............................................. 31

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Acronyms

ABA Abbay Basin Authority

BCM Billion Cubic Meter

BoEPLAU Bureau of Environmental Protection Land Administration and

Use

CBOs Community Based Organizations

EPA Environmental Protection Authority

EWNRA Ethiopian Wetlands and natural resources Association

EWRP Ethiopian Wetland Research Programme

FAO Food and Agriculture organization

FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

GIS Geographical Information System

GPS Global Positioning System

LUPRD Land use Planning and Regulatory Department

MoWR Ministry of Water Resources

MW MegaWatt

NGOs Non Governmental Organizations

SNNPRS Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples‟ Regional State

USDA United Nations Department of Agriculture

WA Wetland Action

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Abstract

Wetlands are ecosystems or units of the landscape that are found in the interface between land

and water. Of the total estimated wetlands area of Ethiopia the Abbay Basin covers about 1.43%

wetlands area and are largely found in Tana sub basin at the shore of Lake Tana, Didessa,

Fincha sub basin and Dabus sub basins.

Wetland assessment study data was cllected in the Administrative Zones of the Amhara, Oromiya

and Benishangul Gumuz Regions embraced by the sub basins of Abbay Basin. In all of the

assessed sub-basins significant hectares of wetlands are found. Accordingly, the total coverage

areas of wetlands in the four sub basins are estimated to be above 188,528 hectares of marshy

or swampy areas. Tana and Didesa sub basins are the largest center of wetlands that comprise

Fogera and Dembia flood plains in which are the largest wetland areas in Ethiopia. Wetlands of

the sub basins are rich in bird, plant and large mammals’ diversity including reptiles. These

wetlands are providing services being shelters for indigenous and migratory bird species that

come from England and other European countries seasonally to cope up the weather conditions,

and wild animals. In addition these, wetlands consist of plant species like papyrus, gicha, filla,

sedges…etc.

Wetlands found in the Basin serves the surrounding communities for animal grazing, irrigation,

water sources for animal and human consumption, fishing center for the local communities,

harvesting place for green grasses-‘Chefe’ for holiday and festival ceremony, sources of hatches

for hats, shelter for wild lives and reptiles. Wetlands are the sources of sedges that serve the

local community to prepare rain protective material-‘Gessa’ in the rainy season.

The current management of wetlands in the sub basins is poor and even attacked by recession

and drain agriculture. Because of the misuse and poor management of wetlands the very crucial

biodiversity of wetlands are indangered and no policy formulation and legal frame works

enacted for the management and sustainable utilization of wetlands in Federal or Regional

governments

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Introduction

1.1 Background

Ethiopia, with its different land formations and climatic conditions, is endowed with

considerable water resources and wetland ecosystems, including twelve drainage

systems/basins, more than eight major lakes, many swamps, marshes, floodplains, and

human made reservoirs. Out of the twelve drainage systems in the country three of

them, namely Abbay (Upper part of Blue Nile), Baro-Akobo, and Tekeze, are located

within the Nile Basin.

The Abbay Basin having total area coverage of 199,812km2 is the most important river

basin in Ethiopia. It accounts for about 20% of Ethiopia land area, 50% of its total

average annual run-off, and 25 % of its population (MoWR, 1998). The land cover of the

basin includes Afro-Alphine (0.57%), cultivated (34%), forest and plantations (1.4%),

bamboo (3.5%), woodland (20.3%), bush and shrub (10.2%), grassland (23.1%),

wetland (2.9%), rock (3%) and urban area (0.05%) (MoWR,1998).

Wetlands are ecosystems or units of the landscape that are found in the interface

between land and water. While water is a major factor of wetland definition, soils,

vegetation and animal life also contribute to their unique characteristics (Rogeri 1995).

Over years wetlands were defined in different forms in different parts of the world and

more than 50 definitions exist. However, the recent definition provided by the Ramsar

Bureau seems to be gaining more acceptance across the globe; the Ramsar

Convention under Article 1.1 defines wetlands as: “areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or

water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or

flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low

tide does not exceed six meters”. In addition, the convention (Article 2) provides that

wetlands: “may incorporate riparian and costal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and

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islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying within the

wetlands” (Ramsar 1971).

In this regard wetlands in the Abbay Basin provide various services and benefits to the

wider local community members. They are important natural resources both in terms of

their environmental functions and their products, which are used by local communities.

Wetlands in this part of the basin are also considered an important source of medicinal

plants, their vegetation is palatable to cattle which are given access to wetlands during

the dry season, and critically, communities rely on wetlands for drinking water which is

collected from springs around their periphery (Bognetteau et al 2003; Dixon et al 2002;

Afework 1998). Wetlands serve as livelihood income bases for the local communities,

for example papyrus plant that grows in wetland found around Lake Tana shore is

source of livelihood income for the „Negede Weyto‟ communities who made local small

boats and household artefacts.

Although, wetlands have a significant economic and environmental value they are under

serious threats from human intervention. They are facing serious threats that have

resulted in the loss of a number of wetlands and degradation which will lead to further

loss of wetlands in the near future. Despite the fact that some efforts being made to

address the problems and the threats that wetlands have encountered, the situation

needs considerable attention, and commitments from all groups of actors at all levels

from the grass roots to decision and policy makers in order to stop and reverse the

threats and bring a sustainable solution to the problem.

So, the aim of this assessment report is to assess the existing situation of wetland

ecosystems in Tana, Fincha, Debub Gojjam and Beles sub-basins and serve as a

spring board for the preparation of strategic plan for wetlands conservation and its

sustainable management system in the Abbay River Basin.

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1.2 Objectives of the assessment

The general objective of this study is assessment of the over all status of wetlands

that will lead to the preparation of strategic plan for sustainable utilization and

management in the Abbay River Basin.

Specific objectives are:-

To prepare baseline information on total coverage of wetlands area found in the

Abbay Basin

To assess the status and usage of wetlands in the basin

To assess the abundance of plants, birds and animals living within the area.

To investigate the threats and opportunities in the management and use of

wetlands

1.3 Scope of the assessment

This assessment study is limited only to four sub-basins of the Abbay River Basin

mainly targeted in collection of task relevant data from zonal offices and sample

woredas in each sub basins based on the information obtained from zonal Agriculture

and Environment offices. Therefore the study report mainly focuses on secondary

information collected from relevant stakeholders and primary data obtained from the

field visits. The primary data collected is limited to marshy and swampy areas only that

does not include water bodies.

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2. Literature Review

2.1 Wetlands in the world

Wetlands, are a distinctive group of habitats intermediate between aquatic and

terrestrial ecosystems, have specialized vegetation which copes with the vagaries of

fluctuating water tables, the chemical oddities of anaerobic soils and the problems of

inundation with saline water. Over years wetlands were defined in different forms in

different parts of the world and more than 50 definitions exist. However, the recent

definition provided by the Ramsar Bureau is gaining more acceptance worldwide and

the Ramsar Convention under Article 1.1 defines wetlands as: “areas of marsh, fen,

peat land, or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that

is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of

which at low tide does not exceed six meters”. In addition, the convention (Article 2)

provides that wetlands: “may incorporate riparian and costal zones adjacent to the

wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying

within the wetlands” (Ramsar 1971).

The extent of the world‟s Wetlands is generally thought to range from 7 to 9 million Km2

or about 4 to 6 % of the land surface of the earth (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2002).

However, based on the Russian geographers, it is estimated that more than 6.4% of the

land surface of the world, or 8.8% million Km2, is wetland, and almost 56% of this

estimated total wetland area is found in tropical (2.6 million Km2) and subtropical (2.1

million Km2) regions. But, a more recent estimate of the world‟s wetlands by the U.S

Department of Agriculture (USDA) cited in (Hayal Desta, 2006) states that 13.7% (18.8

million Km2 ) of the earth‟s surface is wetland.

Wetlands are very important for the multifarious values that they provide free of charge.

They constitute a resource of great economic, cultural, scientific and recreational

values. They support high level of biological diversity. They are the richest ecosystem

next to tropical rainforest on this planet, providing essential life support for much of

humanity, as well as for other species. They are described as “the kidney of the

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landscape” because they function as the downstream receiver of water and waste from

both natural and human sources (hydrological and chemical cycles) (Mitsch and

Gosselink, 2002). They stabilize water supplies, thus ameliorating both flood and

drought, cleanse polluted waters, protect shorelines, and recharge ground water

aquifers. They also have been called “biological supermarkets” because of the

extensive food chain and rich biodiversity that they support (Afework, 1998). They offer

sanctuary to a wide variety of plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and

mammals, as well as to millions of both migratory and sedentary water birds. They are

being described by carbon dioxide sinks and climate change stabilizers on a global

scale (Mitsch and Gosselink), 2002).

Wetlands have long been viewed as dismal, beg-infested areas of nuisance and

unsightliness. Rather, they are rich centers of many fauna and flora resources (Hayal

Desta, 2006). They are also important sources of water for agriculture, industrial and

domestic uses. Wetlands especially river valleys and their associated flood plains have

been at the heart of human civilization. Thus, wetland systems have played key role

throughout the development and survival of human communities.

Wetlands differ widely due to regional and local variations in soils, landscape

(topography), climate, hydrology (water regime), water chemistry, existing vegetation

and anthropogenic disturbances. In general, according to (Cowardin et.al.. 1979) cited

in (Bacon, 1999), five major wetland system types are recognized: marine, estuarine,

lacustrine, riverine and palustrine. Of the global total wetland area estimated, the

greatest part is occupied by wetlands in freshwater environments (Table 2.1).

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Table 2. 1 Wetland types

Type Percentage (%)

Marine 16.6 saline water

Estuarine 9.2 Brakish water

Lacustrine 23.8 Freshwater

Riverine 15.9 Freshwater

Palustrine 30.0 Freshwater

Artificial (man made) 10.5 Freshwater

Source: Bacon, 1999

Marine (coastal areas) and estuarine (deltas and tidal areas) systems describe coastal,

saltwater wetlands, whereas the other three categories represent freshwater systems.

Lacustrine wetlands are associated with lakes; riverine wetlands are found along rivers

and streams; and palustrine wetlands represent those wetlands that are often referred

to as marshes, swamps and bogs, which are characterized by spongy peat deposits, a

growth of evergreen trees and shrubs and a floor covered by a thick carpet of

Sphagnum moss. According to Hayal Desta, 2006 wetlands can be divided into two

types; peat forming (with > 40 cm of accumulated organic matter) and non-peat forming

(with < 40 cm of accumulated organic matter). Non-peat forming wetlands are classified

as shallow open-water wetlands, marshes and swamps. Peat forming wetlands are

subdivided into fens and bogs.

2.2 Wetlands in Ethiopia

The wetlands of Ethiopia represent a significant environment in the country, estimated

to cover around 1.5% of total land area (1.43% of it is within the Abbay Basin) (Johnston

and McCartney, 2010). Ethiopia is home to all types of wetlands except those associated

with coastal wetlands. The wetlands in the country vary in size and type. The types of

wetlands that are dominant in one part of the country might be rare in other areas and

vice versa. Although the potential of Ethiopia‟s wetland resources is not fully

7

documented; it is known that they represent a significant micro-environment in parts of

the country.

According to Hillman (1993) there are about 73 major wetlands in Ethiopia with a total

coverage of 13,699 km2. Furthermore, according to the FAO Land Use Map of Ethiopia,

produced from air photos from the 1960s and 1970s, and early Landsat data, 0.74% of

the country is made up of wetlands. However, this only includes permanent wetlands of

the size which can be registered by such remote sensing sources. The report

accompanying the map recognizes that the figure is nearer to 2% of its total area (

22,500 Km2 ) including shallow lakes, small wetlands, peat lands, swamp forests and

seasonal wetlands not picked up by these sources (FAO 1984). In addition the data

compiled from the Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Project (2002-unpublished)

study indicates that the 1.43% of the country is covered by wetlands that include

swamps, marshes and water bodies (Table 2.2). The distribution of wetlands varies

from one region to the other and Gambella has the highest proportion of wetlands

followed by Amhara Regional state whilst Tigray has the lowest proportion of wetlands

after Benishangul Gumuz.

Table 2. 2 Wetland distribution by region in Ethiopia

Regions

Total area

(ha)

Wetlands*

Coverage (ha) % wetlands

Gambella 3,203,280 247,556 7.73

Amhara 15,764,744 431,695 2.74

SNNPRS 11,064,200 152,900 1.38

Afar 9,526,567 131,000 1.38

Oromiya 35,961,996 397,853 1.11

Somali 29,151,596 250,612 0.86

Beneshangul Gumuz 5,033,592 22,466 0.45

Tigray 5,085,784 8,053 0.16

Total 114,791,759 1,642,135 1.43

Source: Afework 1998 (cited in Woody Biomass, 2002- unpublished report)

*Includes all wetland types including water bodies

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2.3 Wetlands in the Abbay Basin

The Abbay Basin occupies an area of 199,812 km2 and is located within the Eastern

and central part of Ethiopia between latitudes 7o 45‟ and 12o 45‟N and longitude 34o 05‟

to 39o 45‟E. The basin drains towards Sudan on its Western border and shares common

boundaries with the Tekeze basin to the North, the Omo Gibe basin to the South, the

Awash basin to the East and South-east and the Baro-Akobo to the South-west (FDRE

MoWR, 1998). The basin is located within part of each of the Amhara, Oromiya and

Benishangul-Gumuz Regions.

The basin accounts for about 20% of Ethiopia land area, 50% of its total average annual

run-off, and 25 % of its population. It has wetlands area that accounts 2.9% of its area

(FDRE MoWR, 1998). Out of the 2.9% the basin wetlands area coverage; water bodies

account about 1.7% i.e. 3,415 km2 (equivalent to 341500 ha) and marshy and swampy

lands account about 1.2% i.e. 2,384 km2 (equivalent to 238400 ha) of the Basin area.

Wetlands are much more common in the Amhara region (2.74% of area of which 90%

of the wetlands are found within Abbay drainage system (Woody Biomass 2002) than in

Oromiya (1.11%) or Benishangul-Gumuz (0.45%) (AMU,2009). Abebe and Geheb

(2003) list 73 significant wetland sites nationally. Of these, seven lie within the Abbay

Basin (Aloba Lake, Ashenge Lake, Chomen Lake, Fogera Swamps, Tana Lake, Wonchi

Lake, Zangana Lake), and there are many other small wetlands within the basin. The

main wetland areas within the basin occur around Lake Tana, the Finchaa and Chomen

swamps and the large Dabus swamp which is located within the Western Wellega zone

of the Oromiya region.

Wetlands are used extensively for a range of purposes including domestic water supply

and agriculture (Wood 2001). Because of the importance of livestock in the basin many

are used for grazing. In many places grazing strategies follow distinct seasonal and

spatial patterns with grazing pressure focused on wetlands during the dry season and in

uplands during the rainy season when the wetlands are too wet (Mwendera et al. 1997).

Rice farming in swamp areas is practiced South of Gonder in Amhara, on the Fogera

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floodplain wetlands (around Lake Tana) and also in the Dabus wetland (Gebregziabher

2010).

The wetlands of Amhara region are distributed all over the region, but the largest portion

of the wetlands are found in the Abbay Basin drainage system associated with Lake

Tana such as Fogera, Dembia, Kunzela flood plains (Figure 2.1), marshes and swamps

are dominant within Awi and Western and Eastern Gojjam zones.

Figure 2 1 Wetalds distribution around Lake Tana

Source: Amhara National Regional State Bureau of Agriculture, 2001.

Furthermore the Oromiya region, especially that of the upper part of Nile Basin South

Western and Eastern areas with a varied landscape and considerable rainfall up to

2,200mm in Illubabor highlands, has varied wetlands from small wetlands scattered all

over to larger and bigger wetlands located deep in forested areas. The dominant types

found in the region include valley bottom swamps, marshes, floodplains, human made

reservoirs mainly Fincha, peat swamps and forested and riverine wetlands. The overall

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estimate of wetlands within the Western Oromiya Region mainly in the Abbay Basin is

estimated up to 1.0% (Afework 2005).

Out of 43 wetlands inventoried in the country by the Environmental Protection Authority

(EPA 2003) some 19 wetlands (44%) including lakes, swamps, marshes and human

made reservoirs are found in the Abbay Basin part of Ethiopia. Although the proportion

of wetland area is low, the contribution of wetlands to the livelihood of the community

and their ecological significance is much higher than their area coverage.

2.4 Classification of wetlands

Ethiopia as well as the Abbay Basin hosts all types of wetlands that have been

classified and listed in different parts of the world except wetlands that are associated

with costal zones. However, due to lack of institutional setup and legal frame work

within the country there has no systemic classification and inventory of wetlands has

been undertaken. There are isolated reports on the location and estimates on the extent

of wetlands in different parts of the country. Some researchers and resource managers

have tried to list names and location of limited number of wetlands within the country

and made rough estimates of their area coverage. Hunghes and Hughes (1992) have

made some attempts to group Ethiopian wetlands into ten categories based on their

ecological zones and also made their descriptions. On the other hand Leykun Abunie

(2003) has made an attempt to classify Ethiopian wetlands into four major categories

based on ecological zones, hydrological functions, geomorphologic formations and

climatic conditions. He explained that the four categories in which he has classified are

linked with the four major biomes, which also describe climatic conditions in Ethiopia.

The four wetland biome he tried to identify includes:

o The Afro-Tropical wetland system,

o Somali-Masai wetland system,

o Sudano Guinean wetland system, and

o Sahelian Transitional wetland system.

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However, such classification is based on their location and do not take into account the

nature of the wetlands itself and lacks to provide proper information for their

management.

There are many systems of classifying wetlands followed by various organization and

institutions depending on their sources of water and nutrients (river, lake, ground water

or rainfall), according to their hydrological regime-e.g. permanently or temporarily

flooded, permanently waterlogged, etc and many other classification criteria could be

envisaged (such as soil type, vegetation structure, etc.) as well.

Based on a simplified classification version used by the Ramsar Convention one can

also classify the wetlands in Ethiopia into three broad classes which include Fresh

Water, Salt Water and Human made wetlands.

A) Fresh water wetlands

Most of the wetlands in the country can be classified as fresh water wetlands. This in

turn can be classified as riverine wetlands that are associated with presence and flow of

rivers, plustraine wetlands that are associated with temporary and permanent

freshwater marshes and swamps and lacustrine wetland types that are lakes and

wetlands associated with lake systems.

i) Riverine wetland types

Examples of riverine wetland types in Ethiopia are the floodplains of Fogera, Dembia

and Kunzela in Amhara Regional State, Beles in Benishangul Gumuz Region, and

floodplains of Wabe Shebelle, Genale, Dabus, Geba, Dedessa Rivers in Oromiya

Regional State and others.

ii) Plustrine wetland types

The plustraine wetlands are represented by Borkena/Cheffa, Fincha Swamps, Gumero

Wetland and others that are numerous in number within Southwest Ethiopian highlands.

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iii) Lacustrine wetland types

There are abundant lacustrine type of wetlands that include lakes of the Rift Valley

(Lake Ziway, Langano, Awassa, Shalla, etc), Lake Tana, Lakes of Bishofetu and many

crater lakes and the associated wetlands.

B) Salt water wetlands

There are limited salt water wetlands in Ethiopia. The example of salt water wetlands

includes wetlands of Dallol Depression in Afar Regional State.

C) Human made wetlands

Human made wetlands includes Koka, Gelgel Gibe, Melka-Wakana, Fincha, Alwero and

other hydropower and irrigation dams. Further, municipal and small water reservoirs like

dams built for various purposes, aquifers and wells.

2.5 Functions of wetlands

The major functions of wetland ecosystems are water storage, ground water recharge,

flood control, shoreline stabilization, and water quality control, moderation of climate

and flood regulation. They are also a source of substantial biodiversity and support

numerous species from all of the major groups of organisms from microbes to

mammals.

The ecological functions of wetland ecosystems in the Abbay Basin are poorly studied

and documented. However, the wetland ecosystem in the basin provides many

ecological functions which maintain and protect nature and systems which benefit

people through services such as maintenance of water quality, flow and storage, flood

control, nutrient retention and microclimate stabilization. For example Fincha, Chomen

and Lake Tana wetlands support thousands of birds and act as stop-over sites for

migratory species, including some globally endangered species. A prime example is the

large numbers of Lesser Flamingos are common in these wetlands starting from the end

of October to March.

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Furthermore, out of a total of 73 important bird areas identified in Ethiopia about 30

(41%) of them are wetlands and they support a variety of bird species including some

birds endemic to Ethiopia, as well as worldwide endangered bird species such as the

White Winged Fluff tail. In addition to that, of 861 bird species that are believed to exist

in the country, 204 (around 25%) of them are dependent on wetlands (Mengistu, 2003).

Wetlands serve as natural water purification systems. This has crucial practical

benefits, for example Gimbi Town Water Supply Plant is located at the downstream end

of Gefar wetland system which is effectively purifying water and reducing the level of

sediment in it (Afework, 1998).

The most impressive example of wetland services is the flood regulating and flood

control ability of wetlands in highland Illubabor. In earlier decades before deforestation

and wetland drainage intensified in Highland Illubabor there was no history of flooding in

the neighbouring Gambella Township. However, with increased deforestation and

extensive drainage of wetlands in Illubabor Highlands flooding has become a major

threat to Gambella Town and until recently dikes were built along the river bank to stop

such a threat. Another example is the presence of Shallo wetland or Cheleleka wetland

in the influent of Lake Awassa which plays a similar role. Shallow wetland holds much of

the runoff from Lake Awassa‟s catchment that drains first into the swamp and then

gradually flows to the lake via the Tikur Wuha River. From this point of view, the wetland

plays a vital role in controlling flooding, particularly that which originates from the

Wondo Genet highlands (Zerihun 2003).

2.5.1 Wetland economic values

The economic values of wetland ecosystems are extremely significant and critically

important for all local communities that are dependent on wetland products and

resources. In Ethiopia, wetlands have been providing benefits to many local

communities throughout the nation for centuries. The current economic, social and

cultural values that wetlands deliver in the country remain overwhelming and there are

14

many communities who depend on wetlands for their livelihood. Table 2.3 presents the

goods and services, intrinsic attributes, ecological functions and possible future values

of wetlands as a general.

Table 2. 3 Wetland goods and services, intrinsic attributes and ecological functions

Direct Values Indirect Values Optional Values Non-use

Values

Production and

consumption of goods

and services such as:

o Fish

o Fuel wood

o Building poles

o Sand, gravel, clay

o Thatch

o Water

o Wild foods

o Medicines

o Agriculture/cultivation

o Pasture/grazing

o Transport

o recreation

Ecosystem functions

and services

o water quality

o water flow

o water storage

o water purification

o water recharge

o flood control

o storm protection

o nutrient retention

o microclimate

regulation

o shore stabilization

Premium placed on

possible future uses

and applications

such as:

o pharmaceutical

o agricultural

o industrial

o leisure

o water use

Intrinsic

significance in

terms of:

o cultural

values

o aesthetic

value

o heritage

value

o bequest

value

o existence

value

Source: Emerton (1999).

15

3. Methodology

3.1 Description of Assessment Areas

The wetlands assessment study was conducted in all of the Administrative Zones found

in Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul Gumuz Regions embraced by the Abbay River

Basin.

The Abbay basin occupies an area of 199,812 km2 and is located within the eastern and

central part of Ethiopia between latitudes 7o 45‟ and 12o 45‟N and longitude 34o 05‟ to

39o 45‟E. The basin drains towards Sudan on its western border and shares common

boundaries with the Tekeze basin to the north, the Omo Gibe basin to the south, the

Awash basin to the east and south-east and the Baro-Akobo to the south-west. The

basin is located within part of each of the Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul-Gumuz

Regions. Abbay Basin further sub divided in to 16 sub-basins namely Tana, Beles,

Dinder, Rahad, Dabus, Anger, Muger, Guder, Jemma, Walaka, Beshilo, South Gojjam,

North Gojjam, Dedessa, Wenbera and Fincha.

The climate of the basin is primarily influenced by altitude and the proximity to the

equatorial monsoonal systems. These factors produce a wide variety of local climates

ranging from hot and semi-arid to high altitude cool alpine climates. Mean annual rainfall

within the basin varies from 800 - 2,000 mm and generally increases with altitude.

(Figure 2). Rainfall in most of the basin is unimodal with the majority of the rain falling in

the wet season (June to September) brought by the south west monsoon originating

from the Atlantic Ocean. The dry season extends from October to March while a period

of short rains may sometimes occur from April to May from the penetration of the south

East Indian Ocean monsoon into the basin area. The eastern fringe area of the basin

can have a bimodal rainfall distribution, where the “belg” rains comprise nearly 50

percent of the “keremt” rains.

16

Figure 3. 1 Assessment Study areas

17

3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods

Review of secondary data: Available secondary data were collected from the web site

and relevant institution and reviewed to extract valuable information about wetlands

relevant to this assessment study.

Primary data Collection: Closed and open ended questionnaire was prepared and

used as a tool to gather relevant information from Zonal and Woreda Agriculture Offices

and Environmental protection, land administration and use offices. In addition direct

observation of wetlands and informal discussions and interviews were made throughout

the assessment. The team used direct observation to perceive the existing conditions of

sample wetland in each sub-basin. It was an important method for the study team to get

acquainted with the present situation of the study area. Through direct observation,

information was obtained on threats and services of wetlands.

Secondary data collection: Secondary data were obtained from published and

unpublished sources. The main sources of secondary data for this study were MoWR,

EPA, BoEPLAU, EWNRA and Website Information relevant for this study was screened

for immediate use.

4. Findings of the Assessment and Discussion

4.1 Wetlands Distribution in the Abbay Basin

Abbay basin comprises of 16 sub basins and we were to address all administrative

relevant offices in the sub basins to collect the desired data. Tana Sub-basin wetlands

cover parts of areas found under the administrative Zones of South Gondar, North

Gondar, West Gojjam and Awi zone. Tana sub basin contributes 23 999.8 hectares of

swampy areas and 315960 hectares of water bodies. The Beles sub basin wetlands

covers most parts of the Metekel zone and partly Awi zone and covers about 23,908 ha

18

of seasonal wetlands. Fincha sub basin wetlands cover most parts of Horo Gudru

zones having 17884.25ha permanent swampy areas.

Debub Gojjam sub basin covers most parts of Eastern Gojjam and some parts of West

Gojjam and Awi Zones having 16,123.25 ha of seasonal and permanent wetlands.

Didessa sub basin wetalands includes some parts of Jimma, most parts of Illu Aba Bora

and Qelem Wellega Administrative Zone marshy and swampy lands with an area of

about 54,127 hectares. The following sub basins covers-Dabus 35,564, mugger 32.

Jemma 1516.5, Anger 15309, North Gojjam 38.8 welakka 11, and Beshilo 53.4 hectares

of wetlands

The total area of wetlands in Abbay basin was estimated to be above 188,528 hectares

of marshy or swampy areas and water bodies. Tana sub basin being the largest areaof

wetlands that comprises fogera and Dembia flood plains which are the largest wetland

areas in Ethiopia. These wetlands are providing services being shelters for indigenous

and migratory bird species that come from England and other European countries to

cope up seasonal weather conditions. It is also a shelter of wetland animal species. In

addition these wetlands consist of plant species like papyrus, gicha, filla, sedges …etc.

Wetlands found in the sub-basins serves the surrounding communities for animal

grazing, irrigation, water sources for animal and human consumption, fishing center for

the local communities, harvesting place for green grasses-„Chefe‟ for holiday and

festival ceremony, sources of thatches for huts, shelter for wild lives and reptiles.

Wetlands are the sources of sedges that serve the local community to prepare rain

protective material-„Gessa‟ in the rainy season. It is also a source of Hydropower in the

case of Fincha sub basin.

Wetlands distribution data in the Abbay Basin were collected at the Zonal Bureau of

agriculture and Environmental Protection land Administration and Use Departments.

Because of the absence of well recorded data concerning the area of swampy /marshy

areas in each woredas and kebeles in the contacted relevant offices, we were not able

to obntain significant areas of swapy/marshy areas in Rahad, Dinder, Wenbera and

Guder Sub basins. Based on the collected data the distributions of wetlands (only

19

marshy/swampy areas) in the assessed Sub-Basins at woreda level with respective

areas are indicated below (Figures 4.1-4.9). The total sum of wetland areas of the

indicated figure does not represent the total areas of wetlands found in each sub basins

due to the presence of some woredas in each sub basin that do not have recorded

areas of wetlands. According to the collected data most wetlands in Tana sub basins

are found at Fogera woreda followed by Bahr Dar zuria Wereda as shown in Figure 4.1.

About 16,591ha of wetlands in Debub Gojjam basin are found in Gozamin weredas and

in Fincha sub basin 15,537.25 hectares are found in Abbay Chomen weredas as shown

in Figure 4.2 and 4.3.

Figure 4. 1 Wetland distributions in Tana sub basin at wereda level

20

Figure 4. 2 Wetland distributions in Debub Gojjam sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 3 Wetland distributions in Fincha sub basin at wereda level

21

Figure 4. 4 Wetland distributions in Dabus sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 5 Wetland distributions in Didessa sub basin at wereda level

22

Figure 4. 6 Wetland distributions in Muger sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 7 Wetland distributions in Welaka sub basin at wereda level

23

Figure 4. 8 Wetland distributions in Beshilo sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 9 Wetland distributions in Jemma sub basin at wereda level

4.2 Uses of wetlands in the Abbay River Basin

The extent to which Abbay Basin wetland resources contribute to the national

development has poorly studied and no empirical information exists in this regard

except for very few wetlands and wetland resources such as fisheries. However, the

wetland and the wetland resources in the assessed sub basins have immense

economical values. The following are just a few of the many economic and social

benefits that wetlands provide: supply of fish, food through drainage and recession

24

agriculture, raw materials for thatching huts and crafts, water, clay soil for pottery and

ceramics, medicinal plants, sand and grazing for the majority of livestock owners across

the sub basins.

The wetland ecosystems and the major rivers within the basin are fundamental parts of

life interwoven into the structure and welfare of societies and natural ecosystems. In

this regard wetlands in the Tana, Fincha and Debub Gojjam Sub-basins in greater

extent and in Beles sub basin in lesser extent provide various services and benefits to

the wider local community members. They are important natural resources both in terms

of their environmental functions and their products, which are used by local

communities. They represent a vital source of water throughout the year. As an

example, the wetlands in Tana sub basin are sources of Papyrus which are used to

make local boats, craft products, and as chefe for coffee and festival ceremonies, and

Fincha sub basins are dominated by sedge vegetation known as cheffe (Cyperus

latifolius) which is the main raw material used for thatching local huts. Cheffe is used by

many local communities and urban dwellers throughout the year in a range of

ceremonies and celebrations. Wetlands in this part of the basin are also considered an

important source of medicinal plants, their vegetation is palatable to cattle which are

given access to wetlands during the dry season, and critically, communities rely on

wetlands for drinking water which is collected from springs around their periphery.

Although, wetlands have a significant economic and environmental value they are under

serious threats from human intervention. They are drained and cultivated for food

production in unsustainable ways, over-grazed and their resources are over-exploited.

4.2.1 Fisheries

Wetlands are a major source of fish and wetland fisheries constitute a very important

sector of the local economy and contribute towards the livelihood of tens and thousands

of the citizens especially in Tana sub-basin surrounding areas of Bahir dar, Gorgora,

Delgi and Zege. Further, the „Nagade Weyto‟ community is a particular ethnic group on

Lake Tana who is specialized on fishing using small tankaus (boats made up of

25

Papyrus) and whose livelihoods highly depend on fishing. Wetlands found in the lake

shore are important breading centers of fish and sources of food for fish fingerlings.

4.2.2 Food supply

Wetlands in all of the assessed sub-basins have been draining and used for growing

food crops. In wetlands of Tana sub basin of Lake Tana shores, around Fincha sub

basin various forms of recession agriculture are practiced by the local communities to

produce food for domestic use. Market-oriented agriculture has appeared more recently,

especially on the Fogera Plain, with the development of extensive wetland reclamation

for rice and garlic cultivation.

Figure 4. 10 Rice cultivation in Fogera swamps

4.2.3 Grazing

In the assessed sub-basins wetlands have been found, and remain significant field sites

for livestock grazing. Wetlands are important destination for livestock owners or grazers

during the dry season. It would be no exaggeration to claim that the survival of the sub

basin‟s especially the Fogera breed and Debub Gojjam livestock is directly linked to the

abundance of wetlands.

26

Figure 4. 11 Wetlands used for grazing

4.2.4 Material supply

Wetlands found in the sub basins are important sources of raw materials to construct

local houses, rain protective materials, boats and household and ornamental artefacts

Sedges are one of the important wetland resources that local communities value in all of

the assessed basins .For example, in Fincha sub basin sedges have a variety of uses

for the local communities and their prime importance is for thatching local huts

especially where other suitable materials are not available or are too expensive.

Around Lake Tana in the Tana Sub- basin, Papyrus is an important raw material used

by the „Nagade Weyto‟ Community and other local households, as well as for craft

making and ceremonial purposes.

27

Figure 4. 12 Local boats made from wetland products (Papyrus) in Lake Tana

4.2.5 Water supply

Along the edges of most wetlands there are many water springs. They are the major

sources of drinking water for the rural population of most of the Eastern Wellega of

Fincha and Metekel zones of Beles sub basins. Wetlands are also a major water source

for domestic stock as well as wildlife. In the dry months of the year, when many streams

dry up, wetlands constitute a reliable source of water for domestic and wild animals. In

areas where there are no wetlands or where rivers are ephemeral, farmers move their

cattle in search of water every day.

Other benefits of wetlands include:

Wetlands have medicinal plants that contribute to the health care of humans as well

as livestock,

Wetlands are bird watching sites for tourist attractions – Lake Tana, Enfranz

wetland,

28

Sites for investment can be found in wetlands, such as sugarcane farming in Fincha,

livestock and crop farming Fogera wetlands.

4.2.6 Urban wastewater and Surface runoff treatment

Natural wetlands purify water by breaking and assimilating nutrients, bacteria, heavy

metal residues and other contaminants. Wetlands can be designed, constructed to take

advantage of these naturally occurring processes to treat wastewater from a variety of

sources. The natural wetlands found around Lake Tana are serving as natural treatment

for waste waters and runoffs coming from urban center, Bahir Dar, and farm lands into

the Lake. Fore example the wastewater runoff from Bahir Dar city kebele 13 and 16 are

discharging to the natural wetland found near to the Avanti Hotel in South of Lake Tana.

4.3 Bird Species Diversity

Wetlands are important bird and wildlife areas and have significance for congregational

bird species (Flamingos, cranes, ducks, geese etc.) and over-wintering areas for a

variety of migratory Palaearctic birdlife. The Tana sub-basin encompasses rich wetlands

and Sudan-Guinea Savannah biomes with wide variety of habitats and wildlife

resources. Most areas of Tana sub basin around Lake Tana and Fincha sub-basins

support diverse and valuable birds and are of the most important wetland bird sites in

Ethiopia. The Tana sub-basin may even hold, on average, more birds annually than

anywhere else in the country. About 32,471 birds of 83 wetland species were counted

on the Lake Tana area in January/February2007 (Ibid). Birds such as the Crested

Francolin and Helmeted Guinea fowl have important economic values (food & cash) for

the local people while others have significant cultural values (tourism attraction).

In a bird survey carried out on the Lake Tana and its surroundings by Francis and

Shimelis Aynalem (2007), a total of 213 species were recorded. In addition near-

threatened species including Pallid Harrier, Black-crowned Crane and Black-tailed

Godwit were also observed. Many species of migratory birds also make a twice-annual

29

stop-over in Lake Tana wetlands whose continued existence and good conditions are

essential to their successful migration.

Figure 4. 13 Flock of Eurasian Cranes and other large waterbirds, Fogera Plain,

4.4 Plant Species Diversity

Surrounding Lake Tana of Tana sub basin and Fincha sub basin wetlands are areas

support a variety of emergent macrophytic vegetation including papyrus (Cyperus

papyrus), which is the dominant vegetation around the shore of Lake Tana. Papyrus is

used to build the local boat “tankwa” which is used by the lake fishermen. Other large

plants occurring in the reed beds around Lake Tana include Echinochloa pyramidalis;

E.stagnina; Polygonum barbatum; P.senegalese and Typha domingensis Floating

leaves aquatics include Nymphaea caerulea, N. lotus and Pistia stratiotes, while the

most important submerged species are Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria

spiralis. Much of the Finchaa swamp area is covered by vast mats of floating

stoloniferous grass vegetation (Panicum hygrocharis).

30

Figure 4. 14 Nymphaea sp. and sedges along roadside wetlands in Fogera Plain

4.5 Current wetland management systems

The current wetland management systems are not well organized. The collected data

indicates that among 188,238 ha of wetlands in the basin only 4752. 75 ha hectares are

protected and the rest are either used for cultivation or free grazing with out sustainable

plans. Wetlands in the assessed in the Abbay River Basins are communal properties

and highly attached by free grazing, agricultural expansions and illegal encroachment.

The destruction of wetlands arises from lack of ownership for the communal property

i.e. “the tragedy of the Commons”.

4.6 Threats of Wetlands

The major threatens of wetlands in the sub-basins are anthropogenic activities as was

expressed by contacted persons and professional experts during the assessment. The

main anthropogenic activities that harm and devastate the biodiversity of wetlands are

free grazing, sedimentation, draining of wetlands for agricultural expansion and malaria

breading protection, irrigation schemes, over exploitation of wetlands resources due to

31

population pressure and poverty level of the local people. In some areas eucalyptus tree

plantation and watershed degradation had lead significant contribution for the loss of

wetlands.

Wetlands found in Didessa, Dabus sub basins are planned for the development of

irrigation schems for crop production. Most of the wetlands in the Tana sub basins are

found near the shoreline Lake Tana and Fincha sub basin wetland are also found in the

shore line Lake Chomen and Fincha dam. Around the shore line of Lake Tana and

Chomen lake recession agriculture become a common practice and these effects

contributes more threat for the devastation of swampy/ marshy lands to the dry land.

Especially the wetland found in Tana Sub basin are much more vulnerable to recession

agriculture and significant shrink of wetland are happened in less than a decade as it is

indicated in Table 4.1 below. Around the North-East of Lake Tana an exotic weed

species water hyacinth had invaded the area near the shore of Lake Tana. This weed

highly disturbs the aquatic ecosystem of wetlands.

Table 4. 1 Typical loss of wetland areas in Tana Sub- basin

Wetland

Name

area (ha)

1987 2008 loss in 21 years

Shesher 1,557 136 1,405

welela 298 159 139

Daga-Takua 248 75 181

Source: MoWR, 1998

4.7 Legal Frameworks

Although the country has an imperative sectoral and cross sectoral environmental policy

and national conservation strategy, indicative policy statements about the conservation

and sustainable utilization of the fragile ecological valuable wetlands is not stated. But

currently the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Environmental Protection

Authority has drafted wetland proclamation that incorporates registration and

32

management of wetlands and allowed and prohibited activities in a registerd wetland.

Because of the absence of clear conservation mechanisms and enacted legal

frameworks wetlands found in the basin are threatened by unsustainable utilization and

illegal encroachment on wetland resources. Hence, the competent government

organization has to review the drafted proclamation and formulate directives and

regulations that serve as an enforcement mechanism for the sustainable utilization and

conservation of wetlands.

4.8 Strategic issues for future wetland management

A lot have been said about the importance of wetlands for human beings and animals in

particular and for the wellbeing of the environment in general because of these fact

strategic issues for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands should be proposed

and implemented by the competent government organizations, NGOs, CBOs and the

lower community members that directly benefit from it.

To protect the destruction of wetlands and ensure the sustainable utilization of

wetlands, the following strategic activities may be very crucial.

Avoid free grazing and preaching and provoking the farmers to exercise

zero-grazing system and practice cut and carry system;

Establish community based organizations and associations for the

protection and sustainable utilization of the existing wetlands;

Make free illegally encroached wetlands

Awareness creation for the farmers about the importance and practice of

watershed management

Enact legislation of legal frameworks that will enable to protect wetlands

Introduce integrated agricultural technologies that will benefit farmers

sustainably

33

Introduce alternative agricultural practices and provide practical training for

the farmers like about fishing in ponds, animal fattening, ecotourism

development in wetland resources

Conduct detailed inventory and registration of wetlands found in the basin

Mapping of wetlands using GPS points and GIS and demarcate the area

coverage of each wetlands in the basin

5. Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Conclusion

Abbay River Basin has the largest proportion of wetlands that exist in Ethiopia. Among

the most figurative sub basins that have significant all season wetlands are Tana ,

Didessa, Dabus and Fincha sub basins. South Gojjam sub basin also has considerable

wetlands while Beles sub basin has seasonal wetlands that exist in the rainy season

most commonly. Based on the data collected about 188,528 ha of wetlands in the

Abbay river Basin with larger contribution of Tana, Didessa Fincha, South Gojjam and

Dabus sub basins. To take forward the study of wetlands in the Basin and improve their

management and contribution to development, it is necessary to make an inventory of

the wetlands in other sub basins with special emphasis on their extent and nature.

Wetlends found in four of the assessed sub basins provides quite a lot of services to the

surrounding community being source of raw materials, and source of food, shelter and

breading center for aquatic species like fish and larger mammals. Wetlands of Tana and

Fincha Sub basins are host centers of indigenous and migratory birds that come from

Europe and Middle East countries during the cold season. In addition these wetlands

are sources of varieties of plant species used for artefacts and serve as carbon

sequestration like papyrus.

The management of these wetlands is very poor and unsustainably exploited and

endangered by illegal encroachement, free grazing and agricultural expansion.

Significant wetland area in shesher and welela wetlends around Lake Tana losses are

34

observed in less than a decade. This was because of irrigation and recession

agriculture expansion, and absence legal frame works that direct the conservation and

sustainable utilization these biodiversity enriched environmental endowed resources.

Wetlands are not waste lands rather they are wealth lands, if we properly manage and

use them. Nowadays wetlands are getting attention for their eminent ecological, socio-

cultural & economic importance. Their importance is significantly recognized by rural

communities as sources of, among others, food, water & pastures & as last resorts for

survival during dry seasons & drought times. It is also vital to underscore that besides

their local & national importance, the wetlands of Ethiopia including the Abbay Basin

wetlands have global relevance, among others, in their biodiversity hotspots,

nesting/stopover/breeding sites for migratory birds & climate change mitigation &

adaptation.

In spite of the above, the wetlands of the Abbay Basin have not yet received the

attention they ought to get. One of the basic reasons for this situation is that issues of

wetlands have not been well mainstreamed or treated separately in the contents of

national policies & other pertinent documents. But they are briefly or implicitly

addressed within policy contents of sustainable development, conservation and wise

use of natural resources. As a result, implementations of such policies have barely dealt

with problems of wetlands in Ethiopia.

Thus the commitment of decision makers to introduce wetland law and put in place a

workable institutional arrangement is critical. Local communities are the immediate

beneficiaries of wetlands and are also first level victims of wetland loss. The

participation of local communities in wetland management is of paramount importance.

Community based organizations need to be strengthened by developing laws in order to

regulate wetland abuse, enhance wise use and lead in planned manner. Developing

and implementing management plans through active participation of the communities in

a way that addresses their vision and objectives is also basic to materialize wise use of

wetlands at community level.

35

5.2 Recommendations

This crude assessment of wetlands in ths Basin has indicated that the absence

of clear and exact data that indicate the location, area coverage and types of

wetlands that the Basin exactly endowed from nature and human made activities.

Hence, detailed inventory of wetlands has to be performed to know and conserve

it.

At the national and regional level there is wetland conservation and management

policy and legal frameworks. In spite of this fact the Authority has to push and

coordinate the relevant organization to formulate the desired legislations.

There was an ambiguity about the definition of wetlands among the experts and

decision makers encountered during the assessment. The relevant organization

has to set definition for the wetlands that the country accepts and aware the

professionals and decision makers at all levels through possible communication

and information dissemination networks.

Awareness creation workshops and brochures has to be made at the community

level wherever the wetland exist in order to avoid the deliberate destruction of

wetlands.

Ecotourism and carbon trading has to be developed in the sub basins that

centered wetlands in order to facilitate the conservation of wetlands and

decrease the threats.

Some wetlands can lose their vigour at an alarming rate due to unwise

management. The problem needs integrated problem solving approach through

realizing the collaboration of relevant stakeholders from policy level down to

grassroots community. Decision makers, communities, private sectors and all

others who have stake in wetlands.

Decision makers at Woreda level have significant role in ensuring wise use of

wetlands in their jurisdiction. Through coordinating Woreda level stakeholders

and assisting kebele administration they can halt wetland degradation and

improve its situation.

36

Decision makers at higher levels are required to strengthen sustainable wetland

management efforts through effecting legislation, improving institutional

arrangements and supporting capacity building initiatives.

It is appropriate to assess the significance of wetlands and their environs for

national development, and also the consequences of wetland degradation.

Perform participatory watershed management practices at the upper catchment

of wetlnads that will help them self protection from recession agriculture.

Devise self reliance programs for the communities settle around threatened

wetlands inorder to cover the food shortages occur after post harvesting

seasons since wetlands are ecroached by farmers for the purpose of producing

food crops that will transit them to the main harvesting season.

Differentiate wetlands that will serve for agriculture, eco-tourism purposes and

ecological functions.

Alternative energy sources had better be accessable to minimise the pressures

exerted on forests for the purpose of cooking.

37

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Siraj Bekele (2004). Wetlands of Oromiya, Their conservation and contribution to food

security and poverty reduction. Proceedings of the “National Consultative

workshop on the Ramsar Convention and Ethiopia”, March 18-19, 2004. Addis

Ababa, Ethiopia.

Wood, A.P., (2000) Policy issues on sustainable wetland management. (Report for

Objective 6.) EWRP and the University of Huddersfield, Metu and Huddersfield.

Wood, A P, Afework Hailu, Abbot, P G & Dixon, A B (2002) Sustainable management of

wetlands in Ethiopia: local knowledge versus government policy. In Gawler, M

(ed) Strategies for wise use of wetlands: Best practices in participatory

management, Proceedings of a Workshop held at the 2nd International

Conference on Wetlands and Development, November 1998, Dakar, Senegal.

IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, p 81-88.

Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project, (2002). A Strategic plan for

development, conservation and management of the woody biomass resources

in Ethiopian Regions. Unpublished document, Final Draft June 2002.

Zerihun Desta (2003). Challenges and opportunities of Ethiopian wetlands: the case of

Lake Awassa and its feeders. Proceedings of a seminar on the resources and

status of Ethiopia‟s wetlands, IUCN Wetlands and Water Resources

Programme.

40

AMU (Arba Minch University, Ethiopia). 2009. Inventory of water storage types, their

distribution and characteristics in the Abbay river basin. Unpublished report

prepared for IWMI. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Gebregziabher, G. 2010. Situation analysis of agricultural water management (AWM)

solutions. In: Tigray, Afar and Amhara Regions of Ethiopia. Unpublished report

prepared for International Water Management Institute, Addis Ababa.

Mwendera, E.J.; Mohamed Saleem, M.A.; Dibabe, A. 1997. The effect of livestock

grazing on surface runoff and soil erosion from sloping pasture lands in the

Ethiopian highlands. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37: 421-

430.

Wood, A. 2001. The role and importance of wetlands in Ethiopia. Policy Briefing Note.

University of Huddersfield, UK: Ethiopian Wetlands Research Programme;

Ethiopia: Ethio-Wetlands and Natural Resources Association.

Burnside & Tonkin & Taylor Int. 2009. Supplemental Work to Ministry of Water

Resources - ESIA for the Ribb Dam, Ethiopia - Final Report. Report for ENIDP,

MoWR.

Francis, I.S. & Shimelis Aynalem. 2007. Bird Surveys around Bahir Dar-Lake Tana IBA,

Ethiopia. RSPB /AAU. 93pp

41

Annexes

Annex I. Assessment Questionnaires

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Abbay Basin Authority

Questionnaire for Data Collection on Wetlands Assessment to be

filled by Relevant Bureau of Environmental Protection and Bureau of

Agriculture.

Definition of wetlands: areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or water, whether natural or

artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or

salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six

meters”.

1. Name of Zone ------------------------------------------------------Office--------------------------

------------------------Tele------------------------------------

2. Area of wetlands found in hectare (ha)---------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Wetland services to the surrounding community--------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. The No of households served by the wetlands-----------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. The types of Bird species and plant species found within the wetland-----------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Does wetland area increase or decrease within the past decade?--------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

42

7. If the area of the wetlands decreased mention the impact reasons--------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------

8. Ownership of the wetland: a/ private b/ Communal c/ State

9. Area of protected wetland-------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

10. State if there is (are) community bylaw (s) to conserve and sustainably utilize

wetlands------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

11. The type of wetland services ---------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12. If the wetlands serve for irrigation the no of beneficiaries---------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------

13. What are the impacts that threaten the wetlands?------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------

14. Water sources of wetlands a/ lake b/ river c/ rain d/ Stream e/ Flood

15. Duration of wetland a/ 1-2 months b/ up to 6 months c/ rainy season only d/ 12

months

16. How was the past wetland management system--------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

43

17. State the plans set to use the wetlands sustainably----------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18. Forward your strategic plans/ideas to conserve and sustainably use wetlands-----

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

List of wetlands Found in the Zone

S.No Name of Wetlands Area (ha) Woreda Kebele Got Location 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

Annex II. Bird Species

List of observed /identified/ bird species around the four sub basin during the

assessment period

No Common Name Scientific Name

1 Wattled ibis Bostrychi carunculata

2 Sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus

3 Hadada ibis Bistrychia hagedash

4 Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus

5 Rouget’s rail Abyssinian rail

6 Crowned crane Balearica regulorum

7 Eurasian crane -

8 Egyptian crane Alopocheen aegyptiaca

9 Spur winged goose Plectroplerus gambensis

10 Little egret Egretta garzetta

11 Great white egret Egretta alba

12 Pygmy goose Nettapus auritus

13 Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis

14 Grey heron Ardea cinerea

15 Open billed stork Anastombus lamelligerus

16 Spoon billed stork -

17 Black headed plover Vanellus armatus

18 Duwarf bettern Ardeirallus sturmii

19 African Jacana Actophilornis africanus

20 Greater flamingo Phoenicoperus ruber

21 Marabu stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus

22 Saddle ebill stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis

23 White pelican Peliecanus onorotalus

24 Spotted stone curlew Burhinus capensis

25 Black headed heron Ardea melanocephala

26 Cattle egret Ardeola ibis

46

27 Wooly necked stork Ciconia episcopus

28 Carmine bee eater Meops pusillus

29 Maccoa duck Oxyura maccoa

30 Goliath heron Ardea goliath

31 African fish eagle Haliacetus vocifer

32 Olive pigeon Columba delegorguei

33 Supr winged plover Vanellus spinosus

34 Ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula

35 Yellow billed stork Egretta intermedia

36 Black kite Milvus migrants

37 Pink backed pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus

Annex III. Plant Species

No Amharic Name Scientific Name

1 ዝግባ Podocarpus falcatus

2 ዋንዛ Cordia africana

3 ብሳና Croton mycrostachyus

4 ሠሣ Albizia gummifera

5 አርቦጅ Sapium ellipiticum

6 ዶቅማ Sizygium guineese

7 እሸ Mimsops kummel

8 ችብሃ Ficus thonningii

9 ዋርካ Ficus vasta

10 ባምባ Ficus sycomorus

11 ዝግጣ Calpumiaaurea

12 አዛምር Bersama abuyssinica

13 ደንጎሪታ Solanum gigantum

47

14 ሳስፓንያ Sasbania sasban

15 ቀይ ባህርዛፍ Euclyptus comaldulesis

16 ግመሮ Capparis tomentosa

17 ኩሸሽላ Acanthus eminens

18 ሰኔል/ዘንባባ/ Phoenix reclenata

19 አካያ Salix subserrata

20 ቀፍ Ficus ovata

21 ዛና/ዋሽታ/ Stereospermum kunthianum

22 ልምብጭ Clausena anisata

23 ብርብራ Millettia ferruginea

24 ቃሞ Rhus vulgaris

25 አምቢልታ Enthanda abyssinca

26 ጨጮ Nuxia congesta

27 ቃዋት Ceftis africana

28 ወይራ Olea africana

29 ጥቁር እንጨት Prunus africana

30 እፀጰጦስ Dracaena steudneri

31 እንዶድ Phytolacca dodecandra

32 ቀንጠርፋ Pterolobium steliatum

33 ቁልቋል Euphorbia candelabrum

34 የአበሻ ጽድ Juniperus procera

35 ቀጋ Rosa abyssinica

36 ሇንቋጣ Grewia ferruginea

37 ስፓቶዲያ Spathodea nilotica

38 ስሚዛ/ሰንሰል/ Justicia schimperiana

39 ሰርክ አበባ Cassia didymobotrya

40 ግማርዳ Acacia polycantha

41 አበትሬ/ቁርቁራ/ Zizyphus mucronata

48

42 ነጭ ግራር/ዋጮ/ Acacia seyal

43 አልቢዳ ግራር Acacia albida

44 ጎርጎሮ/አዳር/ Dichrostachys sinera

45 አባሎ Combretum molle

46 ጋምቢሎ Gardenia volkensii

47 ክትክታ Dodonea viscosa

48 አጋም Carissa edulis

49 ቋራ/ኮርች/ Erythrina abyssinica

50 ወንበላ Premnatoma laxiflora

51 ደደሆ Euclea racemosa

52 ጠንበሇል Jasminum abyssinicum

53 ዳብዲ/የቆላ ዋንዛ/ Pilosfigma thonningii

54 ዉልክፍ Dombeya quinqueseta

55 ሸምበቆ Arundo donax

56 ወንዝ አድምቅ Salix mucronata

57 የነብር ጥፍር Bridelia micrantha

58 ግራዋ Vernonia amygdalina

59 ጉሎ Ricinus communis

60 ሰሇቸን Diospyros abyssinica

61 ቅንጭብ Euphorbia tirucalli

62 በሇስ Ficus carica

63 የተሇያዩ የሳር ዝርያዎች Different kinds of grass species

64 ደንገል/papyrus/ -

49

Annex IV. Wild Animals

No Common Name Scientific Name

1 Hippopotamus Alcelaphus boselaphus

2 African porcupine Hystrix spp

3 African civet cat Civettitis civetta

4 Bush ping Potamochoerus porcus

5 Common bush back Tragelaphus scriptus

6 Anubis baboon Papio anubis

7 Vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops

8 Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia

9 Hyena Hyaena spp

10 Advark Orycteropus afer

11 Honey budger Procavia capensis

12 Leopard Panthera paradus

13 Common fox Canis auxeus

14 Warthong Phacochoerus poreus

15 Swamp rat Otomys typus (family name)

16 Bush squirrel Palliantus sp

Annex V. Reptiles

No Common Name Scientific Name

1 Alligator (different spp) -

2 Monitor lizard Varanus spp

3 Snakes (different spp) -

Annex VI. Fishes

No Common Name Scientific Name

1 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

2 Cat fish Clarias gariepinus

3 Barbs Barbus tanopelagius

50

Annex VII. Lists of wetlands found in the Tana sub basin

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

1 Wolela 215 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Fuafuate

2 Dega 300 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Abderie

3 Diba 95 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Fogerbet

4 Fogeriebet 20 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Sarsu

5 Burie 19 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Sarsu

6 Shosher 349 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega

7

Medemekija,Aferbela

y,Shehiwonz

452.42 D/Gondar Fogera Menguzer

8

513 D/Gondar Fogera K/michael Tankua,Saku

rta,Mosko

9

Lede wuha, genet

wonz,chirama

409.5 D/Gondar Fogera Bebekis Grargie

Abder

Total

area

Fogera Wereda 2372.92

D/Gondar

Fogera

1 Daga 20 D/Gondar Libokemkem Tizamba Daga

2 Godguadit 30 D/Gondar Libokemkem Tizamba Baad

3 Gigna 10 D/Gondar Libokemkem Kabe Wajo

4

Kulinta 12 D/Gondar

Libokemkem

Gib Wajo(B/Men

di)

5

Girmo Ewaka 40 D/Gondar

Libokemkem

Gib Lamgie(Kabe

)

6 Kedokmaw esk Abay 45 D/Gondar Libokemkem Agid Fota

7

Girmo Ewaka 20 D/Gondar

Libokemkem

Agid Lamgie(Agid

)

8 177 D/Gondar Libokemkem

9 Daga 20 D/Gondar Libokemkem

TotalA

rea Libo kemkem Wereda 374

D/Gondar

Libokemkem

1 Zuma 5.75 Awi Dangila Wunbri

51

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

2 Arb Minch 7.5 Awi Dangila Ligaba

3

Dasheshe/Worke

Mesk

77.085 Awi

Dangila

Gait

4

Gulet Mesk 47.775 Awi

Dangila

G/Abshik

an

Gult

5 Agaga mesk 27 Awi Dangila A/Agaga Gult

6 Kilti Mesk 13.015 Awi Dangila Girargie Girargie

7 Toka Mesk 20 Awi Dangila Bacha Biraita

8 Dingel Mesk 1 32 Awi Dangila Gisa AiteWuha

9

Dingel Mesk 2 4 Awi

Dangila

De/Sengu

ry

Sengurie

10

Birakat Mesk 9.4 Awi

Dangila

Ka/Seham

bre

G/Medhanial

em

11

Warki Mesk 3 Awi

Dangila

Ka/Seham

bre

Birakat

12 AmboMesk 1 Awi Dangila Afesa MehalSelbet

Total

area

Dangila Wereda 247.525

Awi

1

Engury 20 Awi

Banja

Basa

Enguana

Enguana

2 Gushery 5.5 Awi Banja Akenajify Akena

3 KilagTegushery 3.5 Awi Banja Akenajify Akena

4

Godegodo 1.5 Awi

Banja

Bata

Emby

Amby

5

Walki 0.25 Awi

Banja

Arsa

Gimbaha

Gimbha

6 Demelash 0.1875 Awi Banja

7 Teshitamegn 2.25 Awi Banja Arsa

8

Zurzur 5.5 Awi

Banja

Sankit

Lideta

Lideta

9 Niwayte 5.5 Awi Banja Bida Bida

10 Dirny 20 Awi Banja Sankit Lideta

52

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

Lideta

11 Girayta 10 Awi Banja Ganguta Janguta

12

Aymerga 2 Awi

Banja

Gurge

Gumerta

Gurja

13

Kambusu 4 Awi

Banja

Gurge

Gumerta

Gurja

14 Workie 2.5 Awi Banja Zufary DibreWajira

15

Chemi 18 Awi

Banja

Akayta

Gashina

16

Dreni 16 Awi

Banja

Gashina

Akayta

17

Bertena 0.5 Awi

Banja

Askuna

Abo

18

Bertina 0.75 Awi

Banja

Askuna

Abo

19

Kesesheha 0.875 Awi

Banja

Chewusa

Kasa

20 Warki 18 Awi Banja Mesela

21

Walkay 19 Awi

Banja

Chabana

Gisa

22

12 Awi

Banja

Kuachkua

ch

23 Durisa Sheha 17 Awi Banja Da/Ki Samuel

24 Nushyewole 4 Awi Banja Da/Ki Absla

25

Zer rare 66.75 Awi

Banja

Meselach

ayty

D/Genet

Total

Area

Banja Wereda 255.562

5

Awi

1

Gich 1.5 Awi

Guagusa

Absela

Warda

Samuel

2 Army 0.75 Awi Guagusa ,, Absela

3 Chary Arnasta 0.75 Awi Guagusa Chaba D/Genete

53

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

Zinbry

4

Asindabo 1 Awi

Guagusa

Chaba

Zinbry

Zinre

5

Shema 3 Awi

Guagusa

Zigra &

Its

surroundi

ng

Mareta

6 Muachua 0.5 Awi Guagusa ,, ,,

7 Kiteb 1 Awi Guagusa ,, Zagra

8 Galiye 5 Awi Guagusa ,, ,,

9

Guashita 4 Awi

Guagusa

Askuna

Agiza

Gidema

10

Aguta 2.5 Awi

Guagusa

Wonjila

Aguta

Aguta

11

Konchayta 2 Awi

Guagusa

Jiba/Am/

wahis

Jibayta

12 Lashishta 2.5 Awi Guagusa ,, Wahisa

13

Shalign 4 Awi

Guagusa

Ashifa

Bahiry

Direwa

A/Alem

14 Awerta 3 Awi Guagusa ,, Deriwa

15 Girgista 4 Awi Guagusa ,, Ashifa

16 Asindabo 6 Awi Guagusa Tilili 01 1

17

Dadakiy 6 Awi

Guagusa

Askuna

Agza

Gidema

18 Achigy 2 Awi Guagusa Baguna Achigy

19 Wodeb 4 Awi Guagusa Baguna ,,

Total

Area

Guagusa Wereda 53.5

Awi

Guagusa

1 Kitam 3 Awi Guangua Tirigi T/Selasie

2 Workie 1.25 Awi Guangua Waykela A/Ghiorgis

3 Ambeyesta 0.5 Awi Guangua Waykela Abetema

54

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

Abo

4 Aba Seyoum 1 Awi Guangua Yimali Y/Maryam

5 Nabre 17 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki

6 guhini 3 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki

7 Yewesen Bida 3 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki

Total

Area

Guangua Wereda 28.75

Awi

Guangua

1 Zenzenina Kebtele ? Awi Jawi Kebtele kebtele

2

webochrguanchina

burabur ? Awi

Jawi webo webo

3

Yjahimala regregama

bota ? Awi

Jawi jeha jeha

4 Dil Zegi ? Awi Jawi jeha jeha

Total

Area

Jawi Wereda

?? Awi

Jawi

1 Arbaminch 3 Awi Fagitalekoma Ligaba

2 DashesheWorke Mesk 26.485 Awi Fagitalekoma Gayita

3 Zuma 2 Awi Fagitalekoma Wunbri

4

Gulit Mesk

47.775 Awi

Fagitalekoma

Gu/Abshi

kan Gulit

5 Agaga mesk 27 Awi Fagitalekoma Agaga Gulit

6 kiliti mesk 13.015 Awi Fagitalekoma Girarghe Girargie

7 Toka Mesk 20 Awi Fagitalekoma Bacha Brayita

8 Dengemesk No.1 32 Awi Fagitalekoma Gisa

9 Dengemesk No.2 4 Awi Fagitalekoma Diseguri Siguri

10

Birakat Mesk

9.4 Awi

Fagitalekoma

Ka/Seham

bre

G/medihanea

lem

11 Warki Mesk 3 Awi Fagitalekoma

Total

Area

Fagta Lakoma Wereda

187.675 Awi

Fagitalekoma

1 lemba bahir Shesh 299.473 S/Gonder Gonder lemba lemba

55

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

zuriya Arbaetu

2

Mitriha

321.456 S/Gonder

Gonder

zuriya

Mtiririha

Abewarik

a

3

Firiqua dengure

450 S/Gonder

Gonder

zuriya

firiqua

dengure firiqua

4

Sheha Gomen

200 S/Gonder

Gonder

zuriya

Sheha

Gomen Bulkaba

Total

Area

Gonder Zuria Wereda 1270.92

9 S/Gonder

Gonder

zuriya

1 Amba mesk 221 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Amba mesk

2 Mehalge 152 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Mehalge

3 Kibrail 102 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Kibrail

4 Seraba/Teter 337.5 S/Gonder Dembia Seraba dabilo

5 Fenja Kebele 65 S/Gonder Dembia Fenja Barcha

6

Regregama

165 S/Gonder Dembia Achera

Abalayina

ategicha,qaha.dej

wegen

7

Yetana regreg

280 S/Gonder Dembia D/Zuriya

Abalayina

ategicha,qaha.dej

wegen

8

Keretit Amiga,

Biwekitu wuha 150 S/Gonder Dembia D/Zuriya

Keretit, Jara

Total

Area

Dembia Wereda

1472.5 S/Gonder Dembia

1

Mariamwuha,

sebasaba, gizatoka 55 S/Gonder

Takusa Mekonte

Aykaga

Mariamwuha,

sebasaba,

gizatoka

2

Asrate and Ambaza

Mektekecha 75 S/Gonder

Takusa Chemera Asrate and

Ambaza

Mektekecha

3 Chegera and 50 S/Gonder Takusa Chanke Chegera and

56

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

Bebantos Beban Bebantos

4

Mich, Lenkuatit,

Gedema,weyira 60 S/Gonder

Takusa Achera Mich, Lenkuatit,

Gedema,weyira

5 Alewa,Sahel. Chach 110 S/Gonder

Takusa Chach

Alewa

Sahel,Alewa,Tok

a

6

Meruh,

Fantikura,Tibaga 40 S/Gonder

Takusa

Dekul Arba

Meruh,

Fantikura,Tibaga

7 Demek and Abo 8 S/Gonder

Takusa Arama

Liderkun Demek,Abo

8 Kima 1 S/Gonder Takusa sibisraqo Kima

Total

Area Takusa Wereda 399 S/Gonder

Takusa

2 Gudera 202.95 W/Gojjam Sekela

3 wegelna gicha mento 590 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya Robit

4 chero, liblibo,Zalamit 482 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya wenjela

5 Abuach 719.5 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya Seblet

6 Amilko mesk 836 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya Lijimi

7 Ambo Meske 275.125 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya Debrenta

8 GrargoT, Zeleka 109 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya Deq

9 Lata Ambo 80 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya Lata Ambo

10 Gena Mesent 138 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya Gena Mesent

11 Liboli 61.75 W/Gojjam

B/Dar

Zuriya Liboli

12 Lol 200 W/Gojjam Mecha Tatek Gebere Abasita

57

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

13 Weyra ber 5 W/Gojjam Mecha Tatek Gebere Fenti

14 Qurit Bahir 2 W/Gojjam

Mecha Enashenifale

n Leyo

15 Asabila 8 W/Gojjam Mecha Avola/Gesher

16 Biraqat 4 W/Gojjam

Mecha Edigetbehibir

et Birakat

17 Wesagnmesk 223 W/Gojjam Mecha ch/Genet Bulad

18

Qurit

Bahir,Bojed,Danbirar,

Monzir 81.5 W/Gojjam

Mecha

Qurit bahir Leqa,Angot,Gulit

19

Tined Wacho,

Achamote 13 W/Gojjam

Mecha

kudime wegel Agiz

20 Beke 4 W/Gojjam Mecha Kudime Bake

21 Anded,Kuses 1.75 W/Gojjam Mecha Enguti Werebti,Amarat

22

Yimaderi,Boli,Eleshia,

Haro 26 W/Gojjam

Mecha

Enamirit

Merymender,Lal

o,Haro

23 Kimalo 0.25 W/Gojjam Mecha Bachima Abokabok

24

Biraqat,

Chikamewucha,kuna 4.6 W/Gojjam

Mecha

A/awuta

Efesa,Weleqa,A

wuTa,Elshia

25

Gudvale,Tiriki,bashent

a 3 W/Gojjam

Mecha

A/Aniba Jibjib,Gocha

26 Dedebit 2 W/Gojjam

Mecha

A/Aniba

Chencha

mender

27

Baguri, Dengel,

Dengiamender,bamina

, Cheba mender 170.75 W/Gojjam

Mecha

Amarit

Cheba

Mender

28 Quaranti 2 W/Gojjam

Mecha Dagi

Abyot Quarante

29 welebi 3 W/Gojjam

Mecha Dagi

Abyot Welebi

30

qusquam,qorem,lendi,

abegelo 18 W/Gojjam

Mecha

Rim

Cheba,

Qusquam,

58

S/No Wetland Name

Area(h

a) Zone

Woreda

Kebele

Gote

lendi,Abagol

a

31 Markudi 1 W/Gojjam Mecha Rim Chebamender

32 D266 1.5 W/Gojjam Mecha Fanahiwet

33 Biraqat 2.5 W/Gojjam

Mecha

B/Chora

Leweshana,

qondela

34

Barkua,tomi,Chereche

r,Kemenash 13.75 W/Gojjam

Mecha lhulusela

m

wama,D/men

der,Tomita

35 Baymeda 20 W/Gojjam Mecha Z/ Birhan Barmeda

36 weremet 0.25 W/Gojjam Mecha T/Terara Weremet

37 Welomesk,Atengeria 20 W/Gojjam Mecha T/Terara Weletatiwele

38 Qortema,Ketemit 0.75 W/Gojjam

Mecha

Biraqat

weqiri,Gidol

may

39 Gebre minich 0.125 W/Gojjam Mecha biraqat Tach Gadi

40 Goter,Sefeni 2.5 W/Gojjam Mecha F/Birhan Biti,jibasra

41

Minchiras,genbo,gelo,

Shenkor 3.5 W/Gojjam

Mecha

Z/Hiwet

barkua,

fata,gelo,Che

fe

42 tach Libu 2.5 W/Gojjam Mecha mekeni tachlibu

43

minchras,

Ysewmesk,gebremesk 7 W/Gojjam

Mecha

tagel

mebeshi,aser

eta,gebremes

k

44 Cheqecheq 150 W/Gojjam Mecha addislidet addisgeb

45 shinkurit 2 W/Gojjam

Mecha ambomes

k Debretsehay

46 Alomeda 1 W/Gojjam

Mecha ambomes

k Kuaja abo

47 Ander 3 W/Gojjam

Mecha ambomes

k

Kuajaghiorgi

s

Total

area Mecha Wereda

1003.22

5 W/Gojjam

Mecha

59

Annex VIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Debub Gojjam sub basin

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

1 Nefagn 8

East

Gojjam Machakel Gobata Akina Nefagn

2 Yedefas 10

East

Gojjam Machakel Yedefas Yedefas

3 Ayidem 8

East

Gojjam Machakel Yedefas Kul Debel

4 Gedesm 35

East

Gojjam Machakel Gira Kidamin Yekebabit

5 Kuldebel 58

East

Gojjam Machakel Gira Kidamin Weyi Beyign

6 Qilabo 22

East

Gojjam Machakel Minch Yeqest Minch

7 Ketem 30

East

Gojjam Machakel Kuashiba Kuashiba

8 bediltin 4

East

Gojjam Machakel Minch Yeqest Zigma

9 Berenzima 20

East

Gojjam Machakel 6 Werqima Berenzima

10 Yeqest 40

East

Gojjam Machakel Mingu Yeqest

11 Yexiyat 80

East

Gojjam Machakel Gira Qidamin Yexiyat

12 Muyibebyi 120

East

Gojjam Machakel

Abebna

Yewla Tinbirbra

13 Yegagas 80

East

Gojjam Machakel Yewla Yegagas

14 Yewus 236

East

Gojjam Machakel Yewla

Yewlana

Yewebit

15 Dijil 120 East Machakel Qeqer Dijil

60

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

Gojjam

16 Mehal Amba 150

East

Gojjam Machakel Kuashiba Mehal Amba

17 Yewebesh 60

East

Gojjam Machakel Amari Yewelesh

18 Belemin 60

East

Gojjam Machakel Belemin Belemin

19 Regreg ?

East

Gojjam Machakel yewla Regreg

20 Yedefes Regreg 10

East

Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Yedefas

21 Ayidem Regreg 6

East

Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Ayidem

22 Yeduhan Regreg 8

East

Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Yeduhan

23 Meteqa Regreg ?

East

Gojjam Machakel

Amari

yewbish Meteqan

24 Temamagn Regreg 2 ?

East

Gojjam Machakel Temamagn Temamagn

25 Gedelem Regregam 2 ?

East

Gojjam Machakel Gira Qidamin Gedelem

Total

area Mechakal Wereda 1165

East

Gojjam Machakel

1 ? 1

East

Gojjam D/Elias Guyi Tiwur

2 ? 4

East

Gojjam D/Elias Gibtsawit Jebun

3 ? 188.8

East

Gojjam D/Elias Guyi Hamusin

4 ? 60

East

Gojjam D/Elias Gibtsawit Teshet Mesk

5 ? ? East D/Elias Yemizegn Teshet Mesk

61

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

Gojjam

6 ? ?

East

Gojjam D/Elias Yedenbesh Teshet Mesk

Total

area D/Elias Wereda 253.8

East

Gojjam D/Elias

1 Gedam Ganu 0.25

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Addis Zemen Addis Zemen

2 Boda 0.02

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Hizibe Selam Boda

3 Dewel 0.125

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese

Webqen

Charit Dewel

4 Debeb 0.5

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Godir Meda Debeb

5 Ambo Mesk 0.5

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Teji Bahr Ambo Mesk

6 Sholaw 0.025

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Teji Bahr Ambo Mesk

7 Lakech Wenz 1

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Buha Geltima Laqech Wenz

8 ZufanGot 0.5

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Abyotu selam Zufan Got

9 Tedima 2 0.25

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Agere Birhan Tedima

10 Bere Ayitegash 0.25

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese beza Bizuhan

bere

Ayitegash

11 Matel 0.25

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese De/Selam Matel

12 Gult Mesk 0.5

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese A/Mariam Gult Mesk

13 Ahiya Ejoch 1

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese

Shege

Qeraniyo Ahiya Ejoch

14 Gibtsawit 0.25 East Hulet Eju Hiwote Selam Gibtsawit

62

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

Gojjam Enese

15 Girggria 0.025

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese Selam Abebe Girgrit

Total

area

Hulet Eju Enese

Wereda 5.445

East

Gojjam

Hulet Eju

Enese

1 Gulit Regregama bota ?

East

Gojjam

Shebel

Berenta Gedayasu Gubit

2 Zeqort ?

East

Gojjam

Shebel

Berenta Gedayasu Zeqort

3 Chergaga ?

East

Gojjam

Shebel

Berenta Yeju Bayile Chergaga

4 Gonji ?

East

Gojjam

Shebel

Berenta Yeju Bayile Gonji

Total

area

Shebel Berenta

Wereda ???

East

Gojjam

Shebel

Berenta

1

Dasen;Shola;De/Moq

moqa ?

East

Gojjam Enemay Qeshemish ?

2 Ziya 0.25

East

Gojjam Enemay Dima ?

3 Goma ?

East

Gojjam Enemay Ediget band ?

4 Yenischa Gubis 10

East

Gojjam Enemay Gotera ?

5 Gonga 0.12

East

Gojjam Enemay B/Debr ?

6 Anba Minch 0.0125

East

Gojjam Enemay

5 Beand

Densa ?

Total

area Enemay Wereda

10.382

5

East

Gojjam Enemay

1 Demol 1

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso 3 ?

63

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

2 ? 2

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso 5 ?

3 ? 2

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso 8 ?

4 Ende Gon 2

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso 13 ?

5 Fofo 3

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso 18 ?

6 Tiwa;Qola;Qetema 3

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso 20 ?

7 Tsimot 6

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso 28 ?

8 Meqiten Gossa 1

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso 32 ?

Total

area Goncha Liso Wereda 20

East

Gojjam Goncha Liso

1 Debre Medihanit 3.72

East

Gojjam Bibugn De/Medihanit ?

2 Digo qonta 0.5

East

Gojjam Bibugn Digoquanta ?

3 Bibugn G/Mariam 0.25

East

Gojjam Bibugn

Bibugn

G/Mariam ?

4 Fiqetor Wadewon 0.25

East

Gojjam Bibugn

Fiqe Tor

waden ?

5 Arusi 0.75

East

Gojjam Bibugn Arusi ?

6 Gena Memcha 0.5

East

Gojjam Bibugn

Gena

Memcha ?

7 Debrezeit Quchit 0.5

East

Gojjam Bibugn D/Zeit Quchit ?

8 Ded 0.5

East

Gojjam Bibugn Ded ?

64

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

9 Amaba Amarsa 0.25

East

Gojjam Bibugn

Amba

Amarsa ?

10 Debre Tsion 0.25

East

Gojjam Bibugn Debre Tsion ?

Total

area Bibugn Wereda 7.47

East

Gojjam Bibugn

1 Gurgor 2.5

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Aratu amba ?

2 Kure 0.125

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Aratu amba Minch

3 Qetefetam 0.5

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Yelemlem Qetefetam

4 Kure 0.1

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Yelemlem ?

5 Zeles 0.25

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol Zeles

6 Yebuna 0.25

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol Yebuna

7 Birbir 0.065

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol ?

8 Yemekel 0.125

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol ?

9 Wentu 0.125

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

10 Jibat 0.125

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

11 Godebye 0.25

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

12 Aletin 0.5

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

13 Haro Debay 0.125

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

65

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

14 Aba Muye 0.1

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

15 Debon 0.125

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

16 Mankelkay Jung 0.125

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

17 Jareyim 0.5

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

18 Addis Amba 2

East

Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom Addis amba

19 Goto 0.5

East

Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom ?

20 Bered Wass 1

East

Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom ?

21 Gundilmit 0.75

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Gundil Met ?

22 Dejat 0.25

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Dejat Dejat

23 Yenischa Gubis 0.125

East

Gojjam Baso Liben

Yenischa

Gubis Gidib Amba

24 Lechim Mar 3

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Lechim Mar ?

25 Yechebera 0.025

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Del Yechebera

26 Qomi Regreg 3.15

East

Gojjam Baso Liben Degel ?

Total

area Baso Liben Wereda 16.69

East

Gojjam Baso Liben

1 Teterma 0.75

East

Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha

2 Densaw 1.25

East

Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Emarit

66

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

3 Ziqre 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha

4 Shuka 8.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha

5 Shemu 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin Giraram Giraram

6 Damot 0.25

East

Gojjam Gozamin

May

Angetam Yeweyan

7 Argedif 0.2

East

Gojjam Gozamin

May

Angetam የ ወያ ን

8 Yebo 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin

May

Angetam የ ወያ ን

9 Yeberdin 1.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin

May

Angetam የ ወያ ን

10 Manchire 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin

Addis and

Gulit Lay Addis

11 Aluta 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin

Addis and

Gulit Lay Addis

12 Kulech 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin

Addis and

Gulit Lay Addis

13 Sentera 3

East

Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa Sen Tera

14 Dibago 3.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa Dibago

15 Jema 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Jima

16 Set wuha 0.25

East

Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Set wuha

17 Agafari 0.25

East

Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Agafari

18 Yemesge 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yeboqila Yemesge

67

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

19 Delenta 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yenebrna Delenta

20 yebuna 0.125

East

Gojjam Gozamin Balarf yebuna

21 A/Amba 0.125

East

Gojjam Gozamin Balarf A/Amba

22 Chiwuqo 0.0625

East

Gojjam Gozamin Balarf Chiwuqo

23 Denderam 0.75

East

Gojjam Gozamin

Weyinma

Gerim Denderam

24 Lomi Matebiya 1

East

Gojjam Gozamin

Weyinma

Gerim

Lomi

Matebiya

25 Yebrna 0.25

East

Gojjam Gozamin

Weyinma

Gerim Yebrna

26 Leqleqit 1.75

East

Gojjam Gozamin Leqleqit Leqleqit

27 Arjina 4

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Arjina

28 Demashish 0.25

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Demashish

29 Yebo Megod 3

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Yebo Megod

30 Geyima 6

East

Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Geyima

31 Wendiro 0.75

East

Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Wendiro

32 Bahr Dar 12

East

Gojjam Gozamin Chimberd Aset

33 Enerta 1473

East

Gojjam Gozamin Enerta

34 Yegagna 603

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yegagna

68

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

35 Wenqa 604

East

Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa

36 Yetijan 532

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yetijan

37 A/Guleta 1510

East

Gojjam Gozamin A/Guleta

38 Weyinma Geram 600

East

Gojjam Gozamin

Weyinma

Geram

39 Wudar 600

East

Gojjam Gozamin Wudar

40 Asab Abo 1254

East

Gojjam Gozamin Asab Abo

41 Leqleqit 208

East

Gojjam Gozamin Leqleqit

42 Chertekel 2000

East

Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel

43 May Angetam 442

East

Gojjam Gozamin

May

Angetam

44 Deledel 220

East

Gojjam Gozamin Deledel

45 Libanos 262

East

Gojjam Gozamin Libanos

46 Balezaf 451

East

Gojjam Gozamin Balezaf

47 Demba 19

East

Gojjam Gozamin Demba

48 Chimt 60

East

Gojjam Gozamin Chimt

49 Yebo 160

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yebo

50 Qebi 161

East

Gojjam Gozamin Qebi

69

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

51 Deba Enese 7

East

Gojjam Gozamin Deba Enese

52 Chimberd 1810

East

Gojjam Gozamin Chimberd

53 Yenebir 390

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yenebir

54 Giraram 315

East

Gojjam Gozamin Giraram

55 Yebokla 530

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yebokla

56 Qegn Abo 175

East

Gojjam Gozamin Qegn Abo

57 Gedemala 152

East

Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala

58 Chiwuye 1.7

East

Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Chiwuye

59 Gult ?

East

Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Gult

60 Yebul ?

East

Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Yebuna

61 Addis ?

East

Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Addis

62 Wenfitma 35

East

Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Wenfitma

63 Geyima 15

East

Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Geyima

64 Dilenta 0.25

East

Gojjam Gozamin Yenebirna Dilenta

65 Enerata

East

Gojjam Gozamin Enerta

Wetrn

Chemba

66 Addis and Gulit 0.5

East

Gojjam Gozamin Addis Gulit Addis

70

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

67 Dendelem ?

East

Gojjam Gozamin

Weyinma

Gerim Dendelem

Total

area Gozamin Wereda

14644.

46

East

Gojjam Gozamin

1 Gudera 80

West

Gojjam Jabitehnan

S.No

Wetland Name Area

(ha)

Zone Wered

a

Kebele Gote

1

Tsimiki 4 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Wonjela

Aguta

Aguta

2

Tsarka 0.03 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Wonjela

Aguta

Aguta

3

Kali Gurari 0.5 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Wonjela

Aguta

Wonjela

4

Wuslosa 0.25 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Wonjela

Aguta

Wonjela

5

Bawi 0.03 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Wonjela

Aguta

Aguta

6

Mayta 0.125 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Absela

Warda

Absela

7

Bekimayta 0.5 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Absela

Warda

Absela

8

Keteb 2 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Zagra& its

surrounding

Zagra

9

Engista/Awranta 4 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Zagra& its

surrounding

Zagra

10

Endandi 0.5 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Ashifa Ashifa

11

Mendebay 0.5 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Ashifa Ashifa

12 Shalegna 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Addis Alem

71

S.No

Wetland Name Area

(ha)

Zone Wered

a

Kebele Gote

Shikudad

13

Lako 0.5 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Ashifa Addis Alem

14

Belewendy 2 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Zagra& its

surrounding

Shima

15

Armi 5 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Chaba

Zimbre

Zimsry

16

Chary Afnasta 1 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Chaba

Zimbre

Debre

Genet

17

Achogy 4 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Baguna Tach

Baguna

18

Dankur 0.25 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Adega

Guashta

Marita

19

Shemita 1 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Askuna

Agza

Agza

Egziabhirab

20 Asidabo 2 Awi Guagusa Shikudad Tilili

21

Karnid 1 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Askuna

Agza

Lay Menga

22

Gosher 1 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Askuna

Agza

Lay Menga

23

Gifta 0.5 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

Askuna

Agza

Egziabhirab

Total

Area

Guagusa Shikudad

Wereda

31.185 Awi Guagusa

Shikudad

1

Dinbi 0.25

Awi

Ankesha

Huletu

Chaja G/Ghiorgis

2 Belges 15 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Dereb

3 Alemayehu Berfeze 15 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Zelen

4 Setsi 2 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Bako

5 Yejert Wuha 3 Awi Ankesha Dingusha Dingusha

6 Ate wuha 0.5 Awi Ankesha Dingusha Dingusha

7 Afasha 0.75 Awi Ankesha Buya Buya

72

S.No

Wetland Name Area

(ha)

Zone Wered

a

Kebele Gote

8 Mara 0.75 Awi Ankesha Buya Buya

9 Temek 8 Awi Ankesha Buya Sehenti

10 Masra Got 20 Awi Ankesha Mesla Masra

11 Zegenta 3 Awi Ankesha Mesla Mesla

12 Armi 30 Awi Ankesha Jebele Sahusa

13 Shuma 80.75 Awi Ankesha Jebele Shuma

14 Chala 44 Awi Ankesha Jebele Shuma

15 Areme Shehata 8 Awi Ankesha Qonzena Finasech

16 Tach Dihali 28 Awi Ankesha Chaja Chaja

17 Ambo 1 Awi Ankesha Beyinagunsi Goshita

18 Burusha 2 Awi Ankesha Beyinagunsi Goshita

19 Mankuta 1.5 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Tenkusha

20 Temim 2 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Manja

21 Birinta 1 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Manja

22 Tampi Bahir 1 Awi Ankesha Ambela Ambela

23 Biliko 0.5 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera

24 Dibana Tambi 2 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera

25 Basita Amba 5 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera

26 Koda 12 Awi Ankesha Ambara Ambara

27

Bada 13

Awi

Ankesha

Chibachibas

a

Chibachiba

sa

28

Gimbil 3

Awi

Ankesha

Chibachibas

a Chara

29

Gozhgozh 2.5

Awi

Ankesha

Chibachibas

a Chara

30

Bahusti 15

Awi

Ankesha

Chibachibas

a Chara

31 Gode 25 Awi Ankesha segno Denbisi

32 Enjor 1.5 Awi Ankesha Segno Mocheger

33 Deret 2.5 Awi Ankesha Tulta Tulta

34 Afeshita 2.5 Awi Ankesha Tulta Tulta

35 Dihrits 1 Awi Ankesha Wu/Wunbri Tach

73

S.No

Wetland Name Area

(ha)

Zone Wered

a

Kebele Gote

wundigi

36 Amachena tiriba 2 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela

37 Tach Jabela 1 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela

38 Shenguch 2 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela

39

Betena Yegenet

Waleha

1

Awi

Ankesha Tiriba Jebela

40 Amba giorgis 1.5 Awi Ankesha Kupor T/Kupor

41 Tsahab 0.5 Awi Ankesha Bekafta Bekafta

Total

Area

Ankesha Wereda 361

Awi

Ankesha

S.No

Wetland Name Area

(ha) Zone

Wered

a

Kebele Gote

1 Washengara Chebere 12 Awi Zigem Aheti Sorit

2 Mesefina Gundebele 9 Awi Zigem Aheti Filem

3 Damotiho 1 Awi Zigem Akako Sariwi

4 Bahusit 4.25 Awi Zigem Akako Arja

5 Gisayita 10 Awi Zigem Gisayita Mengeha

6 Chifiqi 3.2 Awi Zigem gohanaj Chifqi

Total

Area

Zigem Wereda 39.45

Awi

Zigem

74

Annex IX. Lists of wetlands found in the Fincha sub basin

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

1 Cheleleqa

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji;Haro

2 Qetala

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Qetala

3 Chama Wenz

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji;Qetela

4 Amert

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Denbel; Godele

5 Denje

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Qetela

6 Neshe

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Sendabo

7 Fincha Wenz

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Kolobena jere

8 Qemed Wenz

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Didibe Estana

9 Chomen

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Doyo Borso

10 Ado

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Didibe Estana

11 Abuna Total

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Bone Abuna

12 Denje 15000

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Qent Chabr

13 Sheloko

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Ashaya;Dado

14 Lega Gonbo

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Guditu Jima

75

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

15 Lega Belbela

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Berbela Borgo

16 Lega Goresu

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Berbela Borgo

17 Lega Wendo

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Charo Gonbo

18 Lega Jida

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Charo Gonbo

19 Gude Gonbo

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Le/Keya

20 Lega Dechasa

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Hunde Gudina

21 Gode Didimtu

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen kelela Didimtu

22 Chogo

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Joro Sreya

Tulununu

23 Molgo 10

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Kolobo

24 Agus 36

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Kolobo

25 Homi ?

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

26 Denje 34

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Jere

27 Qebena 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Jere

28 Debela 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Jere

29 Gefere 5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Jere

30 Qorcha 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Jere

76

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

31 Rqicha 17

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Jere

32 Solo 13

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Jere

33 Melo 8

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Jere

34 Chama 14

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Banji Qetele

35 Shibu 8

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Banji Qetele

36 Rqicha 65

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Banji Qetele

37 Qemed Wenz 30

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Duga Arbas

38 Wenbere 15

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Duga Arbas

39 Melgo 11

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji Haro

40 Cheleleqa 1.5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji Haro

41 Boye 8

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji Haro

42 Hama Lega 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji Haro

43 Boye 5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji Qere

44 Boka Shum 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji Qere

45 Bachu 5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Genji Qere

46 Chama 21

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Homi

77

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

47 Boye 10

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Hom

48 Meti 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Denbel

49 Belechi 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Denbel

50 Lega Deqe 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Denbel

51 Chiqif 2

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Denbel

52 Alat 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

53 Dengoro 5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

54 Chimo 0.5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

55 Beches 1

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

56 Fakaf 2

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

57 Qordana 1

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

58 Kombolcha 2

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

59 Qelbisa 9

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

60 Burchiw 2

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

61 Lega Anchote 6.25

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gudene

62 Lega Kuta Shimela 3

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Dino

78

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

63 Lega Wereda 2

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Dino

64 Lega Wecha 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Dino

65 Lega Abayo 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Dino

66 Lega Cheb 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Dino

67 Lega Qerano 1

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Dino

68 Agemsa 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Chenen

69 Kebeda 2

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Chenen

70 Bebela 2

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Chenen

71 Lega Tadesse 5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Chenen

72 Nale Wenz 10

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Chenen

73 Abbay Wenz 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Sendabo

Dengoro

74 Chirgu 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Sendabo

Dengoro

75 Wanale 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Sendabo

Dengoro

76 Nemara 1

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Sendabo

Dengoro

77 Seru 3

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Sendabo

Dengoro

78 Qorsa 2

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Sendabo

Dengoro

79

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

79 Neshe 26

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Sendabo

Dengoro

80 Dengoro 7

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

Sendabo

Dengoro

81 Melke 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Bote

82 Buqe 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Bote

83 Fiqe 1

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Aleku

84 Gubn 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Aleku

85 Gutin 4

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Aleku

86 Ajer 1

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Aleku

87 Baso wenz 10

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Aleku

88 Yejim Wenz 5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Gutane

89 Welde 7

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Achane

90 Fafa wena 6

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen Achane

Total

Area

Abbay Chomen

Wereda

2037.2

5

Horo

Gudru

Abbay

Chomen

1 Chitu 40

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete

2 Buru;Bdidim 90

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete Lelga Gombo

3 Selen 10

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete

80

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

4 Weyila 10

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete

5 Hunde Gudina 90

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete Riqicha Sayil

6 Charo Gobena 50

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete Wendi

7 Antet;Goraso;Wend ?

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete

8 Damo Gembo 10

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete Wilno

Total

Area Jima Genete Wereda 300

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Genete

1 Sheloko 800

Horo

Gudru Horo A/Dado Sheleko

2 Chabir;Buluq 65

Horo

Gudru Horo Ada/Buluk Sekelena Buluk

3 Akuje Fincha 105

Horo

Gudru Horo Akeja Sabit Akeja Sabit

4

Chunqule;Abuna;Gu

d Boqo;Foqa 45

Horo

Gudru Horo Gudina Atna Dinbe Abuna

5 Dehaba Dosh 37

Horo

Gudru Horo Lot Ano Amara Chiko

6 Gelebo Jebesa 450

Horo

Gudru Horo Doyo Beriso Deyona Bile

7 Heche;Abuna 105

Horo

Gudru Horo Bone Abuna Bene Muleta

8 Ado;amerti 190

Horo

Gudru Horo De/Kistana

Ado;Kistana;Did

ibe

9 Goda Chabr 140

Horo

Gudru Horo Je/Chabr Chabr

10 Chunqube 30 Horo Horo Je/Chabr Chabr

81

S/no Wetland Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

Gudru

11 Qamadi 80

Horo

Gudru Horo Didibleq Didibe

Total

Area Horo Wereda 2047

Horo

Gudru Horo

1

Jeremet;Senbokum;

Gose ?

Horo

Gudru J/Jirete

2 Degel;Chis ?

Horo

Gudru

3 Lilo Welege ?

Horo

Gudru Umuru

4 Abuna;Didibe;Sibet ?

Horo

Gudru Horo

5 Bebela ?

Horo

Gudru

Jima

Rare

6 Jera; Gembo ?

Horo

Gudru

7 Chomen Rare ?

Horo

Gudru Gudru

82

Annex X. Lists of wetlands found in the Beles sub basin

S/no

Wetland

Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

1

Kebele 2

Mender

134 1002 Metekel Pawe

Kebele 2 Mender

134

Kebele 2 Mender

131/132/134

2

Kebele 2

Mender

28/29 1498 Metekel Pawe

Kebele 2 Mender

28/29 Kebele 2 Mender 28/29

3

Kebele 2

Mender 30 1980 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 30

Kebele 2 Mender

5/6/30

4

Kebele 2

Mender 17 1308 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 17

Kebele 2 Mender

8/9/17

5

Kebele 2

Mender

23/45 467 Metekel Pawe

Kebele 2 Mender

23/45

Kebele 2 Mender

9/10/23/45

6

Kebele 2

Mender 14 2971 Metekel Pawe Addis Zemen

Kebele 2 Mender

14/15/16

7

Kebele 2

Mender 12 574 Metekel Pawe Debre Werq Kebele 2 Mender 11/12

8

Kebele 2

Mender 24 815 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 24

Kebele 1 mender 24

Segno gebya

9

Kebele 2

Mender 21 2462 Metekel Pawe Addis beles

Kebele 2 Mender

20/21/22

10

Kebele 2

Mender 26 485 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 26 Kebele 2 Mender 26

11

Abat beles

kebele 2

Mender 1 2637 Metekel Pawe Abbat beles

Kebele 2 Mender

01/02/51

83

S/no

Wetland

Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

12

Medin

kebele 2

Mender 3 1605 Metekel Pawe Medin Kebele1 Mender 3/4

13

Mekane

Selam

Kebele 1

Mender 49 1032 Metekel Pawe Mekane Selam

Kebele1 Mender

10/11/46/49

14

Kebele 1

Mender 4 1655 Metekel Pawe Kebele 1 Mender 4

Kebele1 Mender

2/3/4/5

15

Kebele 1

Mender 7 933 Metekel Pawe Kebele 1 Mender 7 Kebele1 Mender 6/7

16

Kebele 1

Mender

127 171 Metekel Pawe

Kebele 1 Mender

127

Kebele1 Mender

101/127

17

Kebele 1

Mender

104 547 Metekel Pawe

Kebele 1 Mender

104

Kebele 1 Mender

105/104

18

Pawe

Ketema 1205 Metekel Pawe Pawe ketema Pawe ketema

19

Felege

Selam

Kebele 2

Mender 4 305 Metekel Pawe Felege Selam

Kebele 2 Mender

4;Tena Tabiyaw

20 Almu 195 Metekel Pawe Almu Almu

Total

Area

Pawe

Wereda 23847 Metekel Pawe

1 Angata 15 Metekel Dangur Chamch Angata

2 Endalema 46 Metekel Dangur Burzhi Endalema

Total

Area

Dangur

Wereda 61 Metekel Dangur

1 Ayishanza ? Metekel Mandura Wedit ?

84

S/no

Wetland

Name

Area

(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote

2 Mozaga ? Metekel Mandura Gumade ?

3 ? ? Metekel Guba All kebele ?

1

661.5

Wonbera

Eteshemo&

manasibu,

Gensegesa,&Begond

i, Chancho and

&sanki

Annex XI. Lists of wetlands found in the DiDessa sub basin

Woreda Wetlands Area (ha)

Geera 3245

Gomma 2421

Gumay 1029

Limu Seka 242

Limu Kossa 1063

Manna 1038

Kerssa 5817

Setema 1861

Seqa cheqorsa 4221

Sha sambbo 1403

Woreda Wetlands Area (ha)

Sigima 4711

Didessa 649

Gechi 1577

Borecha 416

Bedelle 1350

Dapo Hana 1233

Chewaka 21

Cora 1772

Degga 765

Meko 730

Total 35564

Annex XII. Lists of wetlands found in the Dabus sub basin

Woreda Area of Wetlands

Gimbi 2698

Aira 1031

Gulliso 2218

B/cokorsa 1339

B/Dimajii 1944

K/kara 3387

Najo 11410

Woreda Area of Wetlands

M/sibu 14650

Jarso 2325

B/Gambel 2559

Kondala 1920

beghi 4544

Assossa 2200

Kamashi 1036

85

Woreda Area of Wetlands

Antillo 1040

sayo 2839

Haula Galan 2080

Dale Wabera 1060

Gawo Qebbe 1280

Woreda Area of Wetlands

Jimma Horro 510

Gidami 6540

Dale sadi 1880

Lolo Qile 1385

Yamalgi Watel 146

Annex XIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin

Woreda Wetlands Area (ha)

Adaa 27

Jeldu 5

Annex XIV. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin

Woreda Area of wetlands(ha)

Meket 3

Dawunt 6.72

Gubalafto 39.25

Gidan 4.5

Annex XV. Lists of wetlands found in North Gojjam sub basin

Woreda wetlands (ha)

Hulet ejunese 5.445

Shebel Berenta 3

Enemay 10.3825

Goncha Sisoenese 20

38.8275