I N D U S T R I A L P O L L U T I O N I N T H E K E L A N I R I V E R

PRELIMINARY SURVEY AND INTERIM REPORT

V O L U M E I

r*v' C P T L A N K A C E N T R A L E N V I R O N M E N T A L A U T H O R I T Y OY S R I

19S5

V

I N D U S T R I A L P O L L U T I O N I N T H E K E L A N I R I V E R

PRELIMINARY SURVEY AND INTERIM REPORT

V O L U M E I

CEA Library HHii 02732

CENTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY OF SRI L A N K A

' 1 9 8 5 .

V O L U M E I

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C Q . N T E N T S

A c c N o . 71)2732 .1 Class N o .

Page

S u m m a r y •1

Introduction

Conclusions 07

M a p of major trade effluent discharges in the Kelani Ganga catchment area 13

Findings a i d recommendations 1<.

Analysis of Industrial Wastes 2U

l/OLUME II

0 N

Page

S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r P o t a b l e W a t e r P h y s i c a l • a n d C h e m i c a l R e q u i r e m e n t s S r i L a n k a ^'Standard ( S L S 61 U: 1 9 8 3 )

01

T o l e r a n c e L i m i t s f o r I n d u s t r i a l E f f l u e n t s 05 D i s c h a r g e d .into I n l a n d S u r f a c e W a t e r s : Sr i L a n k a ' S t a n d a r d ( S L S 6 5 2 : 1984 )

T o l e r a n c e L i m i t s f o r I n d u s t r i a l W a s t e W a t e r D i s c h a r g e d i n t o M a r i n e C o a s t a l W a t e r s - C E A I n t e r i m S t a n d a r d s

06

k. Q u a l i t y o f I n l a n d S u r f a c e W a t e r s ( F r e s h W a t e r ) - C E A I n t e r i m S t a n d a r d s •a

Q u a l i t y . R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r W a t e r s C a p a b l e o f S u p p o r t i n g F r e s h W a t e r F i s h

09

N o t e s o n C o l o m b o S e w e r a g e O c e a n O u t f a l l s 10

* 7 . C I S I R R e p o r t s 11

" •"' ViOLUME II I

C O N T E N T S

Page

S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r P o t a b l e "Water 01 P h y s i c a l a n d C h e m i c a l R e q u i r e m e n t s S r i L a n k a S t a n d a r d (SLS 6 1 k : 1 9 8 3 )

T o l e r a n c e L i m i t s 'for I n d u s t r i a l E f f l u e n t s 0 5 D i s c h a r g e d into' I n l a n d S u r f a c e W a t e r s : S r i L a n k a S t a n d a r d (SLS 6 5 2 : 1 9 8 4 )

T o l e r a n c e L i m i t s T o r I n d u s t r i a l W a s t e W a t e r D i s c h a r g e d i n t o M a r i n e C o a s t a l W a t e r s - C E A I n t e r i m S t a n d a r d s

Q u a l i t y of I n l a n d S u r f a c e W a t e r s ( F r e s h W a t e r ) - C E A I n t e r i m S t a n d a r d s

Q u a l i t y R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r W a t e r s C a p a b l e o f S u p p o r t i n g F r e s h W a t e r F i s h

OB

0 9

N o t e s o n C o l o m b o S e w e r a g e O c e a n O u t f a l l s 1 0

C I S I R R e p o r t s 1 1 if '"If

• C I S I R R E P O R T S : P a g e

P a r t I - L e a t h e r P r o d u c t s C o r p o r a t i o n T a n n e r y , M a t t a k k u l i y a

1 1

P a r t II - Madatiipitiya S e w a g e W o r k s 22

P a r t III - A m b a t a l e W a t e r T r e a t m e n t P l a n t 29

P a r t IV - P l y w o o d C o r p o r a t i o n W o o d - w o r k C o m p l e x , K o s g a m a

36

P a r t V - K a l a t u w a w a W a t e r w o r k s ^6

P a r t VI - L a b u g a m a W a t e r w o r k s . bU

P a r t VII - P e t r o l e u m R e f i n e r y 5 8

P a r t V I I I - S t a t e F e r t i l i z e r M a n u f a c t u r i n g C o r p o r a t i o n

66

P a r t IX - M a c C a l l u m B r e w e r y 76

P a r t X - O c e a n F o o d s a n d T r a d e s 8 ^

* P a r t XI - P u g o d a T e x t i l e M i l l s 91

P a r t XII - S t e e l C o r p o r a t i o n , O r u w e l a 10*.

P a r t X I I I - B r i t i s h C e y l o n C o r p o r a t i o n L i m i t e d 11 U

- . P a r t XIV - P e t r o l e u m S t o r a g e C o m p l e x , - K o l o n n a w a 1 27

P a r t XV - L e v e r B r o t h e r s ( C e y l o n ) L i m i t e d 1 3 9

P a r t XVI - K e l a n i T i s s a P o w e r S t a t i o n 1 51

- •• P a r t X V I I A - C e y l o n C o l d S t o r e s B o t t l i n g P l a n t , K a d u w a l a

1 58

B - " . . . 1 6 2

. -s P a r t X V I I I A - [ " C e y l o n T y r e C o r p o r a t i o n ' 1 7 0 B -

P a r t XIX

P a r t XX

P a r t XXI

L a n k e m ( C e y l o n ) L i m i t e d 1 8 5

S y n t h e t i c T e x t i l e M i l l s L i m i t e d

C T B D e p o t , P e l i y a g o d a

1 8 0

193

201

SUMMARY

In October, 1982, as d i r ec ted b y the Develop- |f

merit Sec re t a r i e s Committee, after a m'ajor fish ki l l in the J

Kelani River , the Central Environmenta l Authori ty made a

pre l iminary s t u d y of i n d u s t r i a l d i scha rges into the r i v e r ,

in order to a s s e s s areas where problems could a r i s e , and

recommend methods of effluent t r e a t m e n t .

Consequen t ly , the Ceylon In s t i t u t e of Sc ient i f ic

and I n d u s t r i a l Research (CISIR) was commissioned to s tudy

and repor t on major i n d u s t r i a l u n i t s whose ef f 1 uenTs ~Ti"na"l 1 y

entered the r i v e r . In the p r e s e n t repor t these i n v e s t i g a t i o n s

on 21 fac tor ies are r ev iewed , summar i sed , and recommendat ions

made by the Centra l Environmenta l Au tho r i t y .

Conclusions and Recommendations ;

1.- Toxic Materials : c

AU s t a b l e , toxic materials in e f f luents being d i s c h a r g e d

into the r i v e r , must be removed at the source ( ref .

CEA Interim. Standards ) .

2. Maintenance of effluent qual i ty

l-n^a^^.ajzlc^^^aie^&T^s_J^check and monitor eff luent quality before discharge should be 'effectively maintained

There is circumstantial evidence that negl igence at the State Ferti l izer Manufacturing Corporation,' leading to the discharge of e x c e s s i v e free Ammonia in the e'ffluet", has been responsible for more than one fish k i l l .

Assistance should- b e o b t a i n e d t o i n s t a l l and opera te

central t r ea tment f a c i l i t i e s w h i c h c o u l d be made use

of as common t r e a t m e n t p l a n t s b y o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s

in the v i c i n i t y ( o n a c o s t s h a r i n g b a s i s ) .

A specific r e c o m m e n d a t i o n i s c o m m o n t r e a t m e n t of t a n n e r y

effluent and t h e , r e m o v i n g of c h r o m i u m b y a c e n t r a l

plan.t__at _the L e a t h e r - P r o d u c t s C o r p o r a t i o n i n M a t t a k k u l i y a

A

I N T R O D U C T I O N

In October 1982, following on a f ish kil l in the Kelani »"

River, it was decided that s tudies be made on the fol low­

ing, on the direct ions of the Development Secretaries

Committee :

a. Water qual i ty in the Kelani River 5 'be continuously moni­tored, espec ia l ly at the discharge points of industr ia l plants :

b. An immediate survey of the Industrial Plants along the Kelani River be undertaken to ascertain discharge of treated or untreated industr ia l effluents into the River :

c. Recommend methods of effluent treatment and/or process modification in order to abate ' pol lution of the r iver j

and prevent any recurrence of f i sh k i l l s .

In this connect ion, the National Water Supply and Drainage Board was requested to monitor cont inuously water qual i ty as per (a) above and report to the Government through the Central Environmental Authority . " ~".

The Ceylon Institute of Scientific"' and Industrial Research (CISIR) was entrusted to • undertake (b) .and (c) above and report to the Government through the Central . Environ­mental Authority. The NWS 'it DB and CISIR were delegated powers under Section 26 of the National Environmental Act No.' 47 of 1980 for th is purpose*1.

3 In response to t h i s , the CISIR, commencing in September

1983 , identif ied and conducted invest igat ions on m a j o

industr ies whose effluents f inal ly enter the r iver . Twent-.

one (21) of these have now been completed.

These were :

1. Leather Products Corporation Tannery, M a t t a k k u l i y a

..; : 2 . Madarapitiya Sewage Works 3. Ambatale Water Treatment Plant 4. Plywood Corporation Wood-work Complex, Kosgama

— - 5 — Kalatuwawa Waterworks '

18.

20.

6 . L a b u g a m a W a t e r w o r k s

7. Petroleum Refinery

8. State Ferti l izer Manufacturing Corporation

9.. MacCallum Brewery 10. . Ocean Foods and Trades

11. Pugoda Texti le .Mills 12. Steel Corporation, Oruwela 13. British Ceylon Corporation Ltd .* 14. Petroleum Storage Complex, Kolonnawa

15. Lever Brothers (Cey. ) Ltd .* 16. Kelani Tissa Power Station • •., • 17. Ceylon Cold Stores Bottling Plant , Kaduwala

Ceylon Tyre Corporation, . . . • J19. —-Can-kem—(-eey-r^-7tt-d3

Synthetic Texti le Mills Ltd.*

21 !. • CTB Depot., Peliyagoda.

1.4- The" -CISIR prepared - preliminary— study-- .reports on ea<

of the industrial enterprises l i s t ed above , determine

the nature and volume of effluent being discharged into

• Industrial enterpr i ses ' situated on the banks of the Colo* North Canal System

the Kelani River, focussing attention on areas where problems could arise and identi fying areas for a detai led examination. ( These reports are attached as Annex V I I )

The CISIR reports were examined and a summary of the findings and recommendations was prepared by the Central Environmental Authority including ' the p r i n c i ­

ple which must be applied in effluent treatment by each major indus tr ia l 'un i t ."

A meeting convened in May 1 9 8 4 , comprising representat ives of the following agencies and organisat ions , cons idered the uses of the Kelani water, and recommended pol icy guidel ines regarding pollution control :

Urban Development Authority

Ceylon Institute of Scientif ic & Industrial Research National Aquatic Resources Agency Coast" Conservation Department Greater Colombo Economic Commission Colombo Municipality National Water Supply and Drainage Board Central Environmental Authority

In addit ion, the- National Aquatic Resources Agency (NARA) is presently, rehgage'd..in a comprehensive water qual i ty monitoring programme of the lower reaches of the r i v e r .

*

*

C O N C L U S I O N S

1 All s table , toxic materials in effluents being discharged

into the river must be removed at source :

Critical parameters affecting aquatic l i fe are as fol lows:

i. Chromium with particular reference to eff luents from

Leather Products .Corporation Tannery and other

tanneries

i i . Ammonia with particular reference to eff luents from

the urea plant (SFMC~)T

i i i

i v

O i l w i t h particular reference t o eff luents f r o m :

Petroleum Refinery • State Ferti l izer Manufacturing Corporation B r i t i s h Ceylon. Corporation L i m i t e d

Petroleum Storage Complex Garages . -

Dyes, Acids, Alkal is with particular reference to

effluents from Text i le Mil ls .

A. Chromium-...

CISIR report on the Leather Products Corporation Tannery .points , out e x c e s s i v e l y high values

^ T f o r • "chromium .frTTTlTe effi-xxent^H-4-l-7^S—mg-/-l-,—std-.

limits : 1 . 0 m g / 1 ) . Chromium has also been detected i n the- bottom sediment and vegetation in the lower Kelani. It i s also known to con­centrate in ' many ~aquatic~"shell-fish and- other organisms. The direct inf luences of chromium (hexavalent) on human heal th , when ingested i n large quant i t ies are : Vomiting, Stomach­aches .Decrease in Urine, Convuls ions and Coma.

B. Ammonia

ggfV.

CISIR have reported the free Ammonia content in Urea Factory effluent basin to be far i n excess of allowable l imi t s . It is probable that the chief offending parameter with respect to the recorded fish k i l l s in the river is free Ammonia. A recent survey conducted by NARA

have revealed inordinately high values for

free Ammonia in close proximity: to the Urea Factory, on a date when there" was a minor

f ish ki l l (21-09-1984). .. Water -conta in ing 1

mg/l of free Ammonia can cause suffocation of f i sh , and the allowable limit is 1.2 mg/l . ( Annex V )

Central Environmental Authority has recommended:

a. di lut ion of Ammonia in the effluent basin to the accepted limit at all times ;

b . redesign of basin to ensure adequate mixing with di lut ion water and

c. sludge from the water treatment plant not to enter effluent basin but be handled separate ly .

Oil

Oils -and grease discharged into inland surface waters can cause the following effects on aquatic organisms ; -

a. Heavy oil tends to s t ick to" bodies of ~f is he s and suffocate g i l l s ;

Larvae are seriously damaged by oil depo-

11

c. Fish cannot be used for of the smell of heavy o i l .

food because

Texti le Effluents

Excess dye stuffs in the effluent can have toxic effects ( including cancer) on aquatic organisms. Some dyes may accumulate in the organs.: of - f ish and colour their f l e s h . Dye effluents can also contain toxic heavy metals . Acids - and alkal ies also cause fish k i l l s (as

at Embilipitiya)

1.2 Taking into consideration, the uses at different points ;

of Kelani water

i i .

2 . 2 . 1 The ..river water upstream of Ambatale, ffs- well as areas which wi l l affect Ambatale due to tidal effects should be of high qua l i ty , as

o

the river water is used for human consumption. Effluents in th i s area need complete treatment, (Annex i: ) so that the river water meets the standards specif ied for raw water to be used for a potable water supply after treatment.

; -t '\ ^ ^ ^ p | v 2 . 2 . 2 Values, .for. certain parameters . e . g i ' BOD could

be . relaxed. ..for. e f f luents discharged in areas downstream of Ambatale > . . .

Cont'd 1

A large part of the BOD in the r i ve r is derive;-! from sewage and garbage.

Adequate rural sanitation programmes in the ca tch­ment should be formulated.

a. It is noted that two k . m . in land from the

shore l ine comes under the . purv iew of the

Coast, Conservation Act. Also the va lues

for the parameters for waste waters discharged

into marine; coastal waters a re not as strict

as - those -for -discharge into surface waters

(Annex HI) .

b . With the c i ty sewage d i s c h a r g e shif t ing from

Madampitiya to the Nor thern Ocean Outfall

there should be c o r r e s p o n d i n g improvement

in water quality, at the mouth of the Kelani .

(CEA recommendations and proposals on '

th i s project, with p a r t i c u l a r re ference- to

removal of suspended so l i d s and f loatables

before final discharge appear as Annex Vl)

c . There appears to be no major pro jec ts for

the r iver mouth and e s tuary , s ince no data •"*• have—been—fHed—witrr~trie "t^eirfra 1~EifviYohme n t a F

Authority or the Coast Conservation Department.

Regular monitoring of water quality of the river should ' be carried out : *

a. Very l i t t le data on waiter quality is present ly avai la­ble to serve as a base for a s se s s ing changes in water qual i ty . r-.

11

b .

Changes in quality at points of industrial discharges can then be assessed . ~

Monitoring should also include b ioassays , and assays of aquatic organisms which would reveal toxic effects as well as bio-coricent'ratidri of harmful chemicals in particular organisms.

The CEA is looking into the poss ib i l i ty of col lect ing and publishing data "obtained from previous s tudies and s u r v e y s . ~>-;

I 2.4

11- '"

2.5

Investigations have revealed 'that' some of the eff luents from industrial plants do n o t ' d i r e c t l y pollute- Kelani River water. Waste water enters low- ly ing f ie lds in the v i c i n i t y , leading to ground water contamination. These during rainy seasons could be washed into" "the ' river with rain water . The dual aspect of this type of" 'pollution should be further considered.

CISIR invest igat ions have revealed that industrial enterpr i ses situated on the Colombo North" Canal System const i tute a major pollution load. It i s recommended that s tud ies

~ on the Colombo North Canals be expanded in order to formulate an action plan for rehabil i tat ion of the canal system. . ; ' . " '

The 'Central 'Environmental Authority in 1983, laid down interim standards for eff luents being .d ischarged into water -

J : B b d i e s • arid it i s ' recom^nded ^thjaf legislation^.b.e enacted to provide their effective enforcement.

' 11

r 12

2 . 7 C o n t i n u o u s m o n i t o r i n g o f a m b i e n t a i r q u a l i t y s h o u l d b e

c o m b i n e d p a r t i c u l a r l y a r o u n d t h e S t a t e F e r t i l i z e r M a n u f a c t u r ­

i n g C o r p o r a t i o n , T y r e C o r p o r a t i o n a n d P e t r o l e u m R e f i n e r y .

13

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON THE •CI5IR REPORTS

p a r t ' i '

Leather P roduc t s Corporation Tannery, Mattakkuliya.

Both the CISIR and the Howard Humphreys Report of 1972 point out that t h e r e is high pollution from waste waters .

Chromium (Total)

Su lph ides

Organics

COD .

Suspended Solids

Total so l i d s

CISIR figures (1983)

417.5 "

2156

5900-380 2416

28000-6500

Std Limits mg_/j_

1.0' 2.0

300

50

Removal of toxic chromium and" s u l p h i d e s from the ef f luent:

It is considered that parameters for "he chemical recovery _of chromLum—for—reuse—from—the—factory—wastes could be worlcecf out. Government aid could be obtained to instal l and operate, this- treatment f a c i l i t y . - - '-rK ['-'S^

.The.V'CEA', GCEC and UDA a r e c u r r e n t l y — w o r k i n g 6ir the' p o s s i ­bi l i ty of "relocating medium and small' scale tanneries in the Kelaniya area so that th is treatment '^process ' could be made use of as a common treatment p lant , on ;a.s cost sharing b a s i s . Removal of Tannins (phenol ics)

Removal of f l e sh ings and suspended solid:; by screening .

PART II

Madampitiya Sewage Works

Raw Sewage is discharged without treatment

A problem encountered is that part of the city storm water d i s c h ­arges into sewers , while there are also indus tr i e s i l legal ly d i scharg­ing wastes into sewers . The result is that gr i t , sand e t c . , from the former, plus w a s t e s from the latter pass through Madampitiya without any treatment.

In view* of the proposed northern ocean outfa l l , there should be at least screening and preliminary treatment at Madampitiya to remove so l ids .

The system should be rehabilitated so that partial treatment is poss ib le , lowering Nitrogen and organics .

It may then be poss ible to treat the eff luent to lower the load of pathogenic bacteria as a result of which enteric d i seases are endemic in this part of the Kelani (Annex \TL)

PART III

Ambatale Water Treatment Plant

A major source of pollution is the large quantity of set t leabie so l ids resulting from treatment, which ..could cause pol lution of groundwater .

A feas ibi l i ty study could be done for evo lv ing low cost methods for the disposal of s ludge .

COD and suspended so l ids of the eff luent needs continuous monitor- :

_.L n8 L . . . . ^ J . IL^AH_6.._am.Q,u.nt _ .of_ v suspended r -solids -is high;- bottom fauna and flora of the river would be affected. Colloidal suspens ions could affect . aquatic l i f e .

Plywood Corporation Wood-work Complex, Kosgama

The main problem is considered to be the wood res idues left lying around in the factory premises , which could on leaching be a threat to the groundwater quality in the area.

Effective methods of disposal of solid wastes should be implemented Periodic monitoring for phenols

High COD values are obtained in the domestic eff luent . A detailed evaluation of the treatment of domestic effluent should be made and the system improved.

Adequate monitoring of dust pollution is recommended.

PART V

Kalatuwawa Water Works

All parameters tested for*.,-on the effluent , meet the specif icat ions for effluent to' be discharged into inland surface waters . (Ref, CEA Interim Standards ) .

The discharge of effluent into the river does not s ignif icant ly affect the quaUty qf_the receiving water. -.—

PART VI

.-. •. - .Labugamai' Water"-' Works- -v -- - ' "'-<--•- .. * • " '•• :• .

There is no wastewater originating from this plant , at present".

002.732

PART VII

Petroleum Refinery

Techniques used for oil separation from waste water was found to be eff ic ient .

Periodic checks for phenolic compounds in the effluent i s a d v i s a b l e .

Ambient air quality could be monitored ( for SO^ ) per iod ica l ly .

PART VIII

State Ferti l izer Manufacturing Corporation

The effluent basin contains very high quantit ies of Ammoniacal Nitrogen and free Ammonia.

The Central Environmental Authority has recommended that the effluent in the basin be monitored daily and diluted with raw water to bring down the Ammonia values to the required l imits at all times so that, accldential pollution of the river can be kept under control.

There is adequate provision in the plant for taking such measures .

Air Pollution needsu-monitoring cont inuous ly . Comprises of NH 3

urea dust and SO . The latter can cause Acid rain . 2

Installation of monitoring device..... for ' continuous ••: monitoring of gases emanating from chimney, is adv i sab le .

PART IX

McCallum Brewery

Effluents from the domestic sewage and. factory wastes are discharg­

ed into paddy f i e l d s .

The effects of this on groundwater, needs to be investigated as

the effluent contains high values for BOD, COD and Total Coliforms.

The high Coliform count is a poss ible threat to groundwater.

Disinfection and Biological treatment. are recommended .

PART X

Ocean Foods and Trades

Effluent is not discharged into the Kelani. Ganga.

Factory does not operate regularly and as a result of i ts low

capacity , total pollution load is expected to be comparatively low.

PART XJ • - ,. .

Pugoda Texti le Mills -

Wastewaters containing text i le d y e s . Acids and Alkali are discharg­

ed into the Kelani without treatment-*----

Total pollution load i s extremely high l iue to the large volume

of effluent being discharged per day .

-It—is—r^eommetided--thaL-lhe_piAposed. itreatment plant be commissioned

without de lay . ( as outl ined in t h e CISIR r e p o r t ) to reduce this

load to the standard v a l u e s .

p a r t - x i i . . "I'.'^ITL."1:11 v i _ 1 . . ' " .'

Steel Corporation - Oruwela '

Periodic checks should be made for . ambient air qua l i ty . '

No waste water from the Corporation enters the Kelani at the present time.

Neutralising of pickling waste water should be carried out as overflows from effluent storage lagoon pass into surround­ing paddy f ields and f inally into the r iver .

PART XIII

British Ceylon Corporation Ltd.

Effluents from this factory pass into the San Sebastian Canal

by way of several out le t s . This f inal ly enters the Kelani

R i v e r .

All the parameters tested for in the effluent have failed to meet the Interim Standards outlined by : the CEA.

Since all effluent pass into the Canal without treatment, the factory constitutes a major pollution load.

Installation of adequate treatment fac i l i t i e s to ensure the discharge of wastes meeting set norms should be made immedia­t e l y . ;

PART XIV • ' ' • .

" i _ Pet rjole.um^St or age^Comp le x_^_Kolcmn a w a — J — =

Oils and grease and suspended sol ids fa i ls to meet the s p e c i f i ­cations for tolerance l imits for industrial- waste water d i s ­charged into inland surface waters .

It is recommended that measures are taken to ensure proper

disposal of barrels used to import p e s t i c i d e s . At present these barrels are perforated at the bottom and stacked in the yard.

PART XVII ( B )

Ceylon Cold Stores - Battling Plant, Kaduwela.

1. A total volume of 32,000 gal /d of effluent is discharged into

a ser ies of sett l ing tanks where neutral isation is carried

out .

2. Values for pH and total a lkal ini ty are in excess of tolerance-

limits to be discharged into surface waters . Neutral isat ion,

if regularised on a volumetric bas i s would reduce on these

v a l u e s . •

3 . Good housekeeping pract ises would prevent on the e x c e s s i v e

discharge of oil and grease.

4. Dumping of sol id . wastes could lead to groundwater contamina-

tio and therefore should be handled appropriate ly . _ ...

PART XVIII (A) ; .

Ceylon Tyre Corporation

1. Chlorination should be e f fect ive ly carried out in the sewage

treatment p lant , to reduce on. the total bacterial count.;, , ^ ^ i —

2. Using solid waste from factory as landfi l l is recommended, i ns tead—of burning apBnlY_ajg_tMs.c.o-nstlt-ut-Bs a s ignif icant

source, of. air po l lu t ion . . , , ; •' ;-: • - ,>-<•.

: • -A - >.-. .» v ; • . r - \ i. ••. •• • : .• ; • .

B. Water Treatment-Plant, Biyagama . ac,.>ii'--_ ... .

Effluents are. .carried into sludge pit from where -it. enters

the r i v e r . • ":

Values for, , , sett leable , so l ids . and aluminium in the effluent

is h igh . Adequate disposal of sludge is recommended .

3. Ensure proper disposal of sludge from leaded gasoline tanks

owing to i t ' s tox ic i ty .

4 . Careful removal of oil through oil traps .

PART XV

Lever Brothers (Ceylon) Ltd.

Wastes from the factory are disposed of into the San Sebastian

Canal.

Values for .BOD, total suspended££solids, o i l s and grease and

Phosphate of final effluent exceed l imits specif ied by CEA.

Volume of effluent is very large 700,000 l i tre /hour (part

of this is r ecyc l ed ) . -•• -

There e x i s t s no waste treatment.

Adequate effluent treatment processes should be insta l led

with immediate effect.

PART XVI - - - - - -*-••

Kelanitissa Power Station

Waste water is disposed of by underground pipe and surface drainage to Kelani River, • Present ly , there is no thermal

po l lu t ion . - - •

Reported oil spi l lages could be avoided If proper housekeeping is observed and

Instal lation of oil traps are needed in the drainage system.

PART XIX

Damaged empty pest ic ide barrels and cans left in the scrap yard are washed into the drains with ra in . It is recommended that proper stacking of these" are maintained unti l properly disposed of to prevent such occurrences .

3 . Adequate safeguards should be provided to workers handling asbestos f ibres .

4 . It is noted that the canal water is used by slum dweller* living on ei ther side, of bank.

PART XX Synthetic Texti le Mills

1 . Effluents are discharged into drains which fail into the _ Dematagoda Canal without treatment.

2 , - All parameters tested for , fai led to meet the CEA Interim Standards for waste water to be discharged into inland surface waters .

3 . Treatment of effluent is s trongly recommended 1- ; *:

Lankem Ceylon. Limited 1 . Accidential spi l lages of pes t i c ides are absorbed into saw

dust (after neutralising with 5% NAOH) and burnt in the open scrap yard.

Proper incineration is recommended as some pes t i c ides are .. stable thermally. .' - r 5 u . v c : . .

23

PART XXI

Ceylor. Transport Board Depot- Peliyagoda

1. Values for oils and grease in the eff luent are far in of s tandards. Installation of oil trap is recommended.

MIM.YS1S Of IttUSWM. o m i

1M0U5TIUJU. UNITS W3LUC f C oouut T0TA4. SU6FIAO i£TTU MLOMOl T01AI •OCUCT IWX1 JOCKXM

OIL > as 00 0 0 0 IT0TA1. COUM4M | 1M0U5TIUJU. UNITS W3LUC f C PtATl-

T0TA4. SU6FIAO i£TTU MLOMOl ITT

T01AI CAL ATU 1YITT IWX1 JOCKXM

OIL > as • O / l

0 0 0 IT0TA1. COUM4M |

of irr- PtATl- SOLIDS CO AOL* s o l i d !

• e / i

(AS CI) ITT 4 9 1 0 O U •o/t

CAL ATU 1YITT IWX1 JOCKXM OIL >

• 0 / 1 AS Crl • O / l •0 /1 JAW / U | LUMT •>/•

HM 009ALT

UWTS

• 0 / 1 SOLIDS • 0 / 1

AOL* s o l i d !

• e / i •0 /1 •0 /1

4 9 1 0 O U •o/t UTflOOLl (PO •)

4 • 0 / 1 i

01 LCATtCJl MOOUCTS O O V O U T I O I TAMCM

*» " - I 1.90* ua.ooo 9410

I 2 . 9 * U 11.9 - II 790

- - 29l»" l » > ; 119.100

4 U . 1 * - -02 MA0AMPITUA ttMAGt HOW

•0.000 l a.o u 39.0

1. . 1 * II 45

• • - - L 141 U 514* - - 1 ••900*

U 940.000

0 ) AMLUTAU MAIU ncAMirT k a n t

-- 19.900* 14.300* 14.100 0 . 0 - - - - - 1.750* - - - -04 PLYWOOD CCMPOftfc-T10M MOOD WW OtMUX

2.000 l n U 11 - L 11 .J.

0 12.6 — L 4 .0 U 6 .1 -

9 .0 - — - - — 1 ».

UI .540 - -790

09 ULAIUMNM HATUt 1 1 . 1 1 0 •- 79 41 9.7 I

06 ) I T W TMTU Moms

tOC AT FOESCMT

07 C.P.C. PETKO-U1M 9UU€ttt

51 10 •

0.09 109 190 11.3 « . i - 1,000 •

2.01 1 .9* 5.5 601* -oo s u n f u m u a i NAM* MHUUJC CDNP.

34 .6 " 2.9 •.»* 197 72»* 1.690 - 5 .4 170 - 4.45 - --

OS HOCALUM MBftjrr »1 a -- 944 94 - 9.9 l« -• - -- -- - 1.I9J* -- OJO* 1.122400*

10 OCEAN FOOCB AM> TUOU (CUJ LTD.

11 t-UXOA TEXTlUU UM1TLD

2.270 91.9 > l l " >.99l* SJ* 0 .0 1 0 0 . 9 I 11.9 J 27 .0

0 .04 4.1 L 40T* U 103

•or men

12 s t u l GonrauTia OfUUtLA

•A •-

l> B.C.C. UM1TEO l l / M t t f L 4 1 * J 44

L 50J* J 2100

", . L 10 . 5 J 19.4

M.fcO* P". : L 24.1 U54.B0O mil 99

- _ - - Wl 1. 720o] II 105*

- - .

(WlUMfX , 4. -1» KTRDLEW 3TOJWE •On*VtK,lOLO>WIIA

is l i m a wcmcfls (CEYLflMI tUUTU

16.000

36 L . 9 •

U 90 L 0

• II 99

•-

L 0 .1 II 0.7 L 6.50 II 7.21

0.072 - L 2 . 1 II 9.4

1 0 . 0 4 J 5.0

- -t 0 . 4 • U II

11.5*

L 31 U 137 1. 6 3 U 343

_ 0 5 J

40*

I *°. II 163 1* KCUUU TUiA

fOMM STATION • A w aTuoM oou> ran • w n u t c k a n t -UOJMCLA

U . I « U . 4 *** L M .J*

1 7 1 . 5 — — •

15 115 - •• - •• 1* (a)CZ TLTJm TV1K OOOPCMAriOM

3 0 . 0 - II . . . 0.97 <•'- - -- -• ~ •- 4.1 * 1.04 -- 2 I . M S *

(bMATER TKAT-tCMT PUWTT-O/ I X TtK OEMP-CITAOMU

2.229 M7 19 101 0 .0 *** ** 90 '- — • — "

It tAMCCM (CETVDH) LIMITED

20 SYHOCTIC T U * TtUS LlMITU

30.9

HO*

. 900 J 064

. 90 1 94

1 -. 0 .99 1 7.21

1.1 -- -1.02

t S B

M - - J*

• 1 900

990 - - -

«L1T«Q0A - * 491

144 -- -OLA UtXfRlM s t « m m « n o MASTS MATU 10 Of n i i i m h i b i i una

_ 40 90 1 • 0 . 9 2.0 XJt 10 290 0.1 9*

IMJUO MVJCE . BATUS

- . KIT MKIWM

. una nimn uwrt rai mta « • » t o k ounmn/n uno w j o o %mia ha tub

i utuotn

u una o u t

PRODUCTS AMO/OR PfiQCiSSiS

OlHtCI/injJfitCI DISOWCc INTO

01SIAM2 FWM RIVER NOUTM

VL

O I S T A M C E o r QISCMASQE NCM\

ftCKXt %M

p i o • i i * s

i leather product corporation

TANM1M0 FACTORY

0 9 B A O M M P l T l V A

0> JMDATAU WATER nuMiff punt

M PLYWOOD TION

oa W J U V M N U

WATERWORKS

OA tfrnnr wiut

oo tun FEATILUEM; wHjracitfUic

1) CHROME TANNINS ID VEGETABLE TANNING

SEMACE T S t A T M E M T

H A T E S T S E A T N E N T

CHIPBOARD • P L Y W O O D

HATES TREATMENT

H A T C H T B t A T M t N T

C R U D E O U T I L L A T I O N • M A P X T H A K T O R A T D C O i R D -S £ A f S t t t t T l H S . v i l B R E A K U C . L P C T R E A T M E N T

U f l E A

TMOES t c u ) UNITED

n o * -

13 BUTtSM a n a CDmPOSmTB* • LWTEO

1 4 Pf T R O E L U N S T O R -

i» LIWER i l O n U M l L T D

I * i C i M i U t t A

PONES IUTUM

prawns rat wort purposes

COTTON/RAYON FABRIC

CCMBl*D TANNERY EFFLUENT AND SOLID

ran untreated sewage

sludge, back wash water from sand

DOMESTIC AND FACTOR IF FLUENT

SLUDGE,BACKWASH WATER FROM SAND ILTER5

COMBINED REFINERY HASTES

DOMESTIC AMD FORT EFFLUENT

BREWERY EFFLUENT AND DOMESTIC VASTER

SOUO HASTES. WASTE HATES

H A S T E S FfiQN H I L L , T R E A T E D D O M E S T I C E F F L U E N T

PICKLIM0 UQQUR, L I M E S O L U T I O N

D I R E C T

TOILET PRODUCTS, u u o r ^ S Q A f t , DISINFECTANTS C O O t l M S OIL

LUBRICATING OIL .CANDLES. REPACK 1MB

SOAPS, EDIBLE FAT*. MnHlfWrHD TOIUTUfA. HAST

OEMS RATION Of ILECTtti CITT

INDIRECT -INTO AMEUTALE ELA ALSO EN11R5 FIELDS

DIRECT -VU UMDEH3HOUMD PIPE LIME.

uowccr • VIA KALANGODA ELA, EOSGAMDYA

indirect • via aautuwewa ela WA* OTA INTO K£LAIti{ CANGA

OIRECT -VIA UN0EK2ULK) PIPE TO RIVER

OIRECT -VIA UMDENSROLSO PIX LINE

indirectly via paodt fields and open channels

none into the kelani river

OIRECT • VIA STREAM

W A S T E HATER D O E S N O T E N T E R T H E K E L A N I R I V E R

E P F L U E M T F R O M O I L . 1 I N D I R E C T S O A P R E / I N E R T , O t t - | V I A S A N S E B A S T I A N I N F E C T A M T P L A N T

H A S T E H A T E R F R O M D O M E S T I C S O U R C E S . L A B O R A T O R Y . T A M E

H A S T E H A T E R F R O M R E F I N E S T , F I N I S H -U C P L A N T S

C O O L I N G H A T E R • S T O R M H A T E S

INDIRECT • VIA OEMATAOODA

INDIRECT -VIA SAM SEBASTIAN

O I K E C T • V I A U M C E R G R O U M D P I P E L I N E .

INDIRECT -V I A U T T A M P A H U M A C A N A L *

SITUATED AEONS SAN fEAASTUft

S I T U A T E D A L O N G O E M A T A O O D A

SITUATED ALONG| SAM SEBASTIAN

0>«CME TANNING AMD VEGt TJLSLE TAHNInC effluents fail to meet sta wus heskct of all parameters tlhed chromium has detected in rivtr muo. strong occur from sol10 haste dumping.

V E W H U H C O L l F O M C O U N T ( p » r mi S E W A f l C )

MAIM OFFENDING PAAANTERS ARC TOTAL AMD SUSPENDED SOLID* AMD COD. SLUOOf • CONTAIKIMO VTTUtA&LI SOL IDS

AH OH I.) DEPOSITS lH FIELDS.

MUM OFFCMDUB FAJWCftl IS GOO. . SOUO HASTE COULD OX A « « U T TO GROUND HATES.

A U P A A A M E T t f t S T U I t O - f E l l W I T H I N C E A S T A N D A R D S .

N D P O L L U T I O N P R O B L E M S A T PHESENT.

M3 P O L L U T I O N A T P R C S f K T .

V A L U E S F O R ( M , A C K X I C CCMPOUMD6. S U L f t t l D E S AMD ODD FAIL TO MEET SPECIFICaTIONS.

FREE AMMONIA OQNTERT UTTCMEL1 K l O i .

H U M B O O A N D C O D . HI04 C O L l F O R M C Q U M T

HASTE HATERS P A t t INTO UML1ME0 PITS. THREAT TO OOJMDMATES,

VALUES FOR GOO AMD SUSPENOEO SOLIOS. COLOUR EXCEED RfEMlUUU LIMIT*.

IX RIVER IS SUBJECT TO Mua FCfKS »' POuLUIlCN FROM Thli »*C1U»T. waste iHtATMCKi ii m joxi >*a.v>: r».

it is ndteo that effluent facuc olsoomg ED IN A DILUTED FORM AS STUW HATER PASS ES THROUOH TM1S DISOWCE POINT.

IN ORT SEASON HASTE HATER STAGNATION lM FIELD COULD LEAD TO GROUmDaATES POLLUTION' SETTLEABLI SOLIDS OEP05HIM3 l a TX R I V E R , MUO CAN AFFECT BOTTOM FAUNA AMD FLORA. AM EVALUATION OF THE TREATMENT PLANT FOR DOMESTIC EFFLUENT SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT. EFFECTIVE METHOO fOR SU.10 HASTE DIS­POSAL SHOULD BE INvUMEHTEO.

A FURTHER STUDT OF THE HASTE HATES SHOULD] OE UHKRTAAEN MHEta CHEMICAL fLOCDJLATIOM IS EMPLOTED IN HATER TREATMENT.

&AN0 FILTER QX>.AVi hOulC RESULT U AM E f f u X N T , B U T O u t 10 THE n l t H FDUTT OF R A M M A T E R M O T O U r C I O E M L O A MCAT.

ALL TESTED PARAMETERS FAILED TO MEET OA INTERIM STANDARDS HUM COO* ALAAUKITT

COD. OILS AMD DREAM, SUSPENDED SOLIDS FAIL TO MEET SMECiriCATlOMS.

PERIODIC CHECKS On FKmXIC JWlSAtxi.

IffU&Kl (JAilK ot H O h l l U f E O DAlLT AMD D1LUTT0 TO Q R I l C 0UW< M*OtU V A L U E S . S L U U Z f H C M HAlER I M U r H E N T P L A N T IE ^ E P A M A l t D I N A iLUUCt U n U C O L D .

I f f FLUENT nSATkCNl VOjlD B E C A R R I E D O U T Hi.FORE DISCHAPCE, BIOlOCLCAL T R L A T M L N T of effluent be EFFECTED. f/CTORT QQES MOT O P E R A T E REOULARLT A M D UUE TO ITS L O W C A P A C I T Y , T O T A L POLLUTION LOAD IS L t f t C T E O TO B i CCMPAHAUMLLT LOW THE P f C P O U D TREATMENT PLANT SHOULD BE C C M M l t t l O M E D WITHOUT DELAY A S THE T O T A L P O L L U T I O N L O A D FHCM « < M l U I S EITREmEL M U X .

P I C U 1 M S W A S T E H A T E R IS D I S C H A 8 D Z 0 1MTQ A S T O R A C E L A Q C C r t WmLCM O V E R F L O W S I N T O P A f i D ^ F I E L D S , S L U D G E FHOM U 0 1 M E M T A T 1 0 M TANKS A R E D U M P E D IN P R L M l S t S .

o o M P f l E > C M S i v E s r u m R t C O W K N O E D 1 0 ASCERTAIM VOLUMES OF E F F L U E N T , THEU importance and paths of olschamge. a study of canal hater at different thou

O F THE VOMS A P P E A R S U t f Q K T A M T .

0 1 S P O S A L OF P U T L C t O E COMTaLnESS. O t S -PO&AL TOXIC S L U O O F . F R O M L E A D E D P E T R O L , P i S T t C I O E S P U L N X A N D C A R E F U L R E M O V A L OF O I L S H O U L D B E O l V t H S P E C I A L ATTlMTIOM

VALUES FOR fOD, TOTAL SilSftMOCO SOLIDS^ OA. AMD QDXAS, fMDSPMATI OBXtD U

T O T A L P O L L U T U M L O A D V E R Y M U X . I M S T A L ' S O W 0 / T R E A T M E N T P L A N T I M M E D I A T E

N E C E S S I T Y .

S P I L L A G E S C O u L O B E A i O L Q E D IF G O O D H 0 U S C J U I E P 1 M 5 P R M C T U Z S O B S E R M E D . O I L T R A P S M L A R O U T U T S O F T H E O R U 0BAiM~{ M X S Y S T E M S H O U L D B E L M S T A L L t O .

CONT'D .2/

26

ucusnui. uut hrxucts *xvo« wootim effluents DIRECT/INDIRECT oiscnwoc into (ELAAU OMU

oistJta ran uvu torn ouTna or T Hrwffltfrom MCTOrr m.

0Tt€R 0O4CMH AMD KCCMCIOATUM

11 aim cold siau rottumj RUNT • UOMLi

ion otutt USTi UA.TSJL. a** ww no sue rams. souo wsn. oncnic

outer • vu «n«aoi» R1FCUME

ii 04 AUUUMJTY. Oii AND CREASE VALUES • VOK RICH.

degradation or SOU. OUC 10 oumpug or S0U0 WSTE mould re a threat TO flOM wtu. icutwluiio or effluent RECOM­MENDED TO REDUCE ON VALUES FOR TOTAL AUULUITt. 00C0 KXCWtPUG MACISCS bOJLD RE NAiNTAJAES.

u ui awn tth CDoramna TTR£ NAN*ACTUS factory win WTU iaoucct •

vu ukigaticm OUMCL

• M most or m rMwcius fall vithir n«awoaoj wuu for too and Miai wgtBi'i aun. « i * foluftkh.

usims (olio wtn frdn factost ai uuo-ria is kccnnemxo. as buminb u tm CfU CONSTITUTES Ail POLLUTION HAZARD.

1» WTU RUT' tan puwt or M TYK O K -RATION. ( l U C M

it una tanau uuno

•in nuvcin •uoox. oounc

uioMjarr wins.

INDIRECT -VU ILUDX PIT

UOIRECT •

n

1ITUMU MOB

ess lot. itmiu •olio* no u con. TUT CF 1LU00E vur MICH.

UWrB Or SM OUST CASRLEO CUT III M

as wins oo «ot dlrlctlt uiu m uvu. pollution fvdblems kit CUI1CAL.

PROPER UCIMEMTIOR V J P l U J O U OF PESTICIDES RECOMMENDED. DUE TO PCJBU1-CACE U THE ENVIRONMENT. PROPER STALX-UC AMD 01SPOEAL OF EMPTY CONTAINERS RECOMCACEO.

1» WTU RUT' tan puwt or M TYK O K -RATION. ( l U C M

it una tanau uuno own. pmrn. Haaauin COILS. IIUMU

JGCiDUITAL IPU1> MU, WBUKS

VU DEWTAGCOA CANAL

ctmnmn Ojol

ohucooo, totm. muss. Ftoim*Ta>or effluents ush.

as wins oo «ot dlrlctlt uiu m uvu. pollution fvdblems kit CUI1CAL.

PROPER UCIMEMTIOR V J P l U J O U OF PESTICIDES RECOMMENDED. DUE TO PCJBU1-CACE U THE ENVIRONMENT. PROPER STALX-UC AMD 01SPOEAL OF EMPTY CONTAINERS RECOMCACEO.

20 STWICTIC TU-iiat luutio

mas. ion num. ROLVUTU COTTO>

ore miw wsn INDIRECT • VU ODMIAOGOA CMM.

situates alone OBOMMBa

CAME

coo. total ssuss, colour, .total utrobu uc effluent kick.

TREA1NE«I C< (FfLUEMl RLCCMHENCCS AS HXLUTILH LOAD IS HUM.

n atua unarm •CMC. WOT • KUUOOM

SMV1CUE or uu. WSMIASOF Suits

0OCST1C U WSH-UtS. STJNKZ witling

DIRECT • VU OfULXS

>.) oa and ckmc not mum. INSTALLATION Of OIL « « All tMMEXUATI

necessity.