Preliminary Design Report

A DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY PROCESS DESIGN INTEGRATED WITH THE

MODIFIED NUTRIENT-FILM TECHNIQUE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

By

Basadre, Al Drexie S. Fallore, Roxl Rhyann F. Mondia, Rene Rey B.

September 24, 2015

Executive Summary

Domestic wastewater treatment in the Philippines has quite became a problem in water pollution. In the Philippines, only 10% of wastewater is treated while 58% of the groundwater is contaminated. It is also a fact that only 5% of the total population is connected to a sewer network in the Philippines (Claudio, 2015). Direct discharge of raw sewage to the ground and septic tank seepage to the ground causes great damage to the surrounding body of water as well as contamination of the groundwater. A treatment facility in response to this problem may prove to eliminate the contaminants that may deteriorate the surrounding waters in disposal. Treated water being removed by the contaminants may already be disposed to the ground. A proposed wastewater treatment facility composed of different equipment with its corresponding processes is designed to treat domestic wastewater. The target location is Xavier Ecoville, Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. The process is composed of screening, solid sedimentation, biofiltration, and sand filtration. The equipment corresponding to these processes are the screens, the septic tank, the hydroponic system and the sand filters. A corresponding preliminary economic screening was done and the process is found to be comparable to existing waste treatment facilities. Furthermore, in the energy and material balance, the sought after treated effluent standards for Class C waters were achieved in the process. There is also minimal energy requirement due to the only source of energy which is the pump; By-product of sludge was produced in the different parts of the process due to the solids removed, both organic and inorganic matter. A HAZOP specifically on the Hydroponic system was done to identify the possible consequences in the deviation of normal operations, being able to identify the causes and the actions to correct the deviations. Overall, a design report is done with evaluation and analysis on wastewater treatment design integrated with the modified nutrient-film hydroponic system.

Table of Contents Executive Summary i

Section 1. Introduction 1

Problem Statement 1

Review of Related Literature 1

Section 2. Process Flow Diagram and Description 4

Section 3. Mass and Energy Balance Calculations 7

Section 4. HAZOP Study: Hydroponic System 16

Section 5. References 18

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Wastewater treatment facilities for market wastewater effluents 5

Table 3.2 Components of the wastewater feed in terms of concentration

(Data from the Philippines)

8

Table 4.1 Description of the Guide words 17

Table 4.2 HAZOP Analysis 17

List of Figures Figure 2.1 Input/Output Diagram 4

Figure 2.2 Block Flow Diagram 1 5

Figure 2.3 Block Flow Diagram 2 5

Figure 2.4 Block Flow Diagram 3 6

Figure 2.5 Process flow diagram of the proposed wastewater treatment

system

6

Figure 3.1 Schematic Diagram for Screening 7

Figure 3.2 Schematic Diagram for the Septic Tank 9

Figure 3.3 Schematic Diagram for the Hydroponic System 11

Figure 3.4 Schematic Diagram for the Sand Filter 12

Figure 3.5 Schematic Diagram for the Energy Balance 13

Figure 3.5.1 Friction Factor for Fluids inside pipes. 15

Figure 4 Diagram of the hydroponic system 16