Preliminary Design ReviewSolar Thermal Water Heating System

Preliminary Design ReviewSolar Thermal Water Heating System

Team #5Team #5Team #5

San Diego, California

Team #5

San Diego, California

Ashley Tyler

Tyler Borden

Michael Cheney

Matthew Murray

Heather Hussain

Allison Schneider

Ashley Tyler

Tyler Borden

Michael Cheney

Matthew Murray

Heather Hussain

Allison Schneider

Agenda

• Introduction

• Floor Plan Layout

• House Elevation Drawings

• Foundation Analysis• Foundation Analysis

• Roof Truss Analysis

• Hydronic Subsystem Analysis

• Heat Transfer Analysis

• Building Thermal System Analysis

• Flat Plat Collector Analysis

• F-Chart Analysis

Floor Plan Layout

• Objectives

• Support the FPC solar thermal heating system

• Include the required living spaces.

Floor Plan Layout

�26’ x 44’

Floor Plan Layout

• 9 foot ceilings

• 26’ x 44’

Foundation Analysis

• Main concerns

• Secure for house structure including in times of natural

disaster – Seismic zone 4

• Basement has both livable and storage qualities• Basement has both livable and storage qualities

• Foundation protects from the intrusion of environment,

pests and soil

• Plastic wrap around total foundation

• Retains heat

• Styrofoam insulation

Foundation Analysis

• Other concerns

• Load bearing wall about 15’ from East or West wall to line

up with other structures.

• Footings• Footings

• Should have a width of 15” and a thickness of 6”

• At least 12” below surface

Foundation Analysis

• Solution #1- Masonry Foundation

• Cinderblock build

• 8 in blocks

• ≈ $2100 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8” • ≈ $2100 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8”

ceiling

• Rebar reinforcements (#4 to #5) every 48” with extra

around openings

Foundation Analysis

• Solution #2- Masonry Foundation

• Cinderblock build

• 10 in blocks

•

• ≈ $2700 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8” • ≈ $2700 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8”

ceiling

• Rebar reinforcements (#4 to #5) every 56” with extra

around openings

Foundation Analysis

• Solution #3- Poured Foundation• ≈ $10000 for enough concrete to pour to a maximum of

9’ ceilings

• Rebar reinforcements (#5 to #6) approximately every 48” • Rebar reinforcements (#5 to #6) approximately every 48” on north side with extra around openings

Roof Structure

• Objectives

• Support the weight of the roof and FPCs

• Total weight of roof ~ 6 tons (7lbs/ft2)

• Total weight of FPCs ~ 600lbs• Total weight of FPCs ~ 600lbs

• Protect the house from the environment

Roof Truss Analysis

• 3-Tab Shingles• 3-Tab Shingles

• Light weight

• 20-30 yrs

• Architectural Shingles*

• Heavy duty

• 30-50 yrs* Used for preliminary analysis

Hydronic Subsystem Analysis

• 28 gpm for 7 FPCs.

• Preliminary piping layout:

• Pump and heat exchanger located in the basement.

• ASTM B88 2.5” Type L Copper Pipe• ASTM B88 2.5” Type L Copper Pipe

• Head ~ 275ft

Building Thermal System AnalysisObjective

• Prevent heat transfer through the exterior walls of the home

by decreasing the overall heat transfer coefficient, U-Value

• Maximize the R-Values by varying the materials and

thicknesses of wall components

+

∆+

∆+

∆+∆

+∆

+=W

K

hk

x

k

x

k

x

k

xk

x

hR

outsidesiding

siding

plywood

plywood

stud

stud

insulation

insulation

gypsum

gypsum

insideValue

2m

111

11

+=K

W

RRU

StudsAtStudsBetweenValue 2

m

10.15

185.0

Building Thermal System Analysis

• Design Constraints

• Siding of the house is Vinyl

• Roofing of the house is Asphalt

• Assumptions• Assumptions

• Took average thermal conductivity when density varied within

a material

• Convert metric units to SI units at termination of calculations

• 16” studs on Center

• Sources of heat loss are not accounted for in the analysis

• Ceiling thermal analysis is independent of structural side

• Analyze interior to exterior heat transfer only

Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial

Thermal

Conductivity

(W/mK)

inches millimeters Between

Studs

At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum

Board

0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875

R-Value

(m2K/W)

Thickness

Insulation

Loose FillConduction

Celluslosic

(milled paper

or wood pulp)

5.5 139.7

0.039

3.34324786 -

0.045

Stud Conduction

Spruce or

Eastern White

Pine

5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

Total Thickness

(in)

Total Thickness

(m)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

6.785 172.339 4.26246661 2.47144097

U-Value

(W/m2K)

U-Value

(W/m2K)

0.23460594 0.40462225

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.26010839 0.04580779

Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial

Thermal

Conductivity

(W/mK)

inches millimeters Between

Studs

At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum

Board

0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875

R-Value

(m2K/W)

Thickness

Stud Conduction

Spruce or

Eastern

White Pine

5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

Total

Thickness (in)

Total

Thickness (m)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

6.785 172.339 4.41171875 2.47144097

U-Value

(W/m2K)

U-Value

(W/m2K)

0.22666903 0.40462225

5.5 139.7 3.4925 -0.04ConductionGlass Fiber

Batts

Insulation

Blanket and

Batt

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.25336201 0.04461968

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.26010839 0.04580779

Loose Fill (previous)

Blanket and Batt

Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial

Thermal

Conductivity

(W/mK)

inches millimeters Between

Studs

At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum

Board

0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875

R-Value

(m2K/W)

Thickness Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.26010839 0.04580779

Loose Fill

Insulation

Spray AppliedConduction Glass Fiber 5.5 139.7

0.038

3.62918354 -

0.039

Stud Conduction

Spruce or

Eastern White

Pine

5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

Total Thickness

(in)

Total Thickness

(m)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

6.785 172.339 4.54840229 2.47144097

U-Value

(W/m2K)

U-Value

(W/m2K)

0.21985742 0.40462225

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2

°F)

0.24757215 0.04360003

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.25336201 0.04461968

Blanket and Batt

Spray Applied

Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial

Thermal

Conductivity

(W/mK)

inches millimeters Between

Studs

At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum

Board

0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875

R-Value

(m2K/W)

ThicknessTotal U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.25336201 0.04461968

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.26010839 0.04580779

Loose Fill

Blanket and Batt

Stud Conduction

Spruce or

Eastern

White Pine

5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

Total

Thickness (in)

Total

Thickness (m)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

3.285 83.439 3.59290296 2.47144097

U-Value

(W/m2K)

U-Value

(W/m2K)

0.27832647 0.40462225

50.8 2.67368421 -0.019

Insulation

Board and

Slab

ConductionPolyiso-

cyanurate2

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.29727084 0.05235248

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2

°F)

0.24757215 0.04360003

Spray Applied

Board and Slab

Building Thermal System AnalysisCeiling Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial Thickness

Thermal

Conductivity

(W/mK)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

inches millimeters Between Studs At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Insulation

Board and SlabConduction

Polyiso-

cyanurate5.5 139.7 0.019 7.35263158 -

Spruce or

Stud Conduction

Spruce or

Eastern White

Pine

5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Roofing Conduction Asphalt 0.035 0.889 0.078 0.078

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

R-Value

(m2K/W)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

7.73063158 1.93022222

U-Value

(W/m2K)

U-Value

(W/m2K)

0.12935554 0.51807506

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.18766347 0.03304949

Building Thermal System AnalysisBasement Walls

• Foundations Engineer Provided two wall designs

• Cinderblocks

• Poured Concert – higher resistance to heat transfer

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial Type Thickness

R-Value

(m2K/W)

U-Value

(W/m2K)

inches millimeters

Exterior Wall

Concrete

Blocks

ConductionLow-Mass

Aggregate

perlite-filled

cores8 203.2 0.985 1.01522843

vermiculite-

filled cores8 203.2 0.81 1.2345679

molder-EPS-

filled (beads)

cores

8 203.2 0.85 1.17647059

Exterior Wall

Poured

Concrete

Conduction Concrete

Sand and

Gravel or stone

aggregate

8 203.2 2.15 0.46511628

Building Thermal System AnalysisBasement Walls

Above Ground

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial Thickness

Thermal

Conductivity

(W/mK)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

inches millimeters

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum Board 0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875

Exterior Wall

Concrete BlocksConduction

Poured

Concrete

Sand and

Gravel or stone

aggregate

8 203.2 2.15

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03

Total R-Value

(m2K/W)

3.06921875

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.32581581 0.05737955

Building Thermal System AnalysisCalculation of UA Value

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) Concrete PouredConcrete Poured

AppliedSpray ShinglesAsphalt

BelowBelowAboveAbove

ExteriorExteriorRoofRoofTotal

UAUA

UAUAUA

+

++=

( )

°=

Fhr

BTUUA Total 466.8625

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

+

+

+

=

°F fthr

BTU 0.4652540

°F fthr

BTU0.0574730

°F fthr

BTU 0.04362660

°F fthr

BTU 0.03301750

22

22

22

22

ftft

ftftUA Total

Solar Thermal System AnalysisFlat Plate Collector

• Average ambient temperature -70.5 degrees Fahrenheit

• Daily water usage - 80 gallons

• Tank temperature - 120 degrees Fahrenheit• Tank temperature - 120 degrees Fahrenheit

• Slope of panel - 32 degrees

• 1 Glazing coat - Low Iron Tempered Glass

• Test fluid -Water

• Absorber material - Copper

• Fuel type - Electric

Solar Thermal System Analysis

EP-40 EC-32

Domestic Hot Water System Only

EP-40 EC-32

Solar Thermal System AnalysisDomestic Hot Water System Only

EC-24EC-24• Best overall - EC-32 with 3 panels

•Highest Life Cycle Savings•Approx $5,000

•Total Solar fraction• .983

•Total weight•343 lbs

•Total cost of panels• $2609.91

Solar Thermal System AnalysisHeating & Water System

EP-40 EC-32

Solar Thermal System AnalysisHeating & Water System

EC-24 Best overall – EC-32 with 6 panelsEC-24 Best overall – EC-32 with 6 panels•Highest Life Cycle Savings

•Approx $7,500•Total Solar Fraction

•.966•Total weight

•686 lbs•Total cost of panels

• $5,219.82

Questions?

References

• http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/insulation_airseali

ng/index.cfm?mytopic=11510

• http://www.pima.org/ContentPage/wall-insulation.aspx

• http://rvalue.net/• http://rvalue.net/

• Fundamentals of Heat Transfer Textbook

• 2009 Ashrae Handbook - Database