APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHOLOGY IN

THE SPECIAL LIBRARIES OF BANGLADESH:

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Thesis submitted

For the Degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

IN

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

By

Md. Anwarul Islam Librarian

Prime Minister’s Office, Tejgaon Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

Regd. No. 12/2004/Lib. & Information Science (PhD)

Under the Supervision of

Dr. K. C. Panda MA. LLB. MLISc. PhD. LI (USA) (Former Fulbright Fellow)

Reader & Coordinator UGC-SAP-DRS PG Dept. of Lib. & Info. Sc. Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar-768019

Burla (Sambalpur), Orissa, India

July 2007

SAMBALPUR UNIVERSITY

Page # ii

Dedicated To

Our Ancestors Who made the earth inhabitable for us.

Page # iii

Dr. K C Panda MA, LLB, MLISc, PhD, LI (USA) (Former US Fulbright Fellow) Reader & Coordinator UGC-SAP-DRS PG Dept. of Lib. & Info. Science Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar-768019 Burla (Sambalpur), Orissa, India Tel: +91-0663-2432014 (Off) Fax:+91-0663-2432073 (Off)

Residence: Univ. Qrs. # C-2 Jyoti Vihar-768019 Sambalpur University Tel: +91-0663-2430873 (R) e-mail: krushna52@yahoo.co.in

CERTIFICATE

I have the pleasure to certify that, the thesis entitled, “Application of

Information Technology in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh: Problems and

Prospects” submitted by Mr. Md. Anwarul Islam for the degree of DOCTOR OF

PHILISOPHY in Library and Information Science (2007) of Sambalpur

University, is his original work carried out under my supervision and guidance

and is worthy of examination.

The thesis has reached the standard fulfilling the requirements of the

regulation relating to the degree. It is further certified that, to the best of my

knowledge and belief, Mr. Md. Anwarul Islam bears an excellent moral

character.

Jyoti Vihar, Burla 11/7/2007

(Dr. K C PANDA) RESEARCH GUIDE

Page # iv

CONTENTS Title Page #

I Preliminaries i-iii

II Contents iv

III Lists of Tables xv

IV List of Figures/Maps/Diagrams xviii

V List of Abbreviations/ Acronyms xxi

VI Acknowledgements xxix

VII Declaration Xxx

VIII Preface Xxxi

IX Statistical Compendium at a glance xxxvi

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT 1-41

1.1 Library and Information Technology: A congruous Relation 1

1.2 Aims and Objectives 5

1.3 Scope and Limitations of the Study 7

1.3.1 Scopes of the Study 7

1.3.2 Limitation of the Study 8

1.4 Methodology of Selection and Size of the Sample 9

1.5 State of the Art 11

1.6 Literature Reviewed 18

1.7 Hypotheses 25

1.8 Methodology Followed 26

1.9 Significance of the Study 28

1.9.1 Originality of the Study 31

1.10 Scheme of the Work 31

1.11 Physiography of the Country Surveyed 32

1.12 Conclusion 37

Page # v

Title Page #

CHAPTER-2 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES: A BRIEF

SKETCH

42-80

2.1 Introduction 42

2.2 Beginning of Library 43

2.3 Library: The Taxonomy 44

2.3.1 Classification of Libraries by their Collections 45

2.3.2 Classification of Libraries by their Services 45

2.3.3 Classification of Libraries by their Nature and Objectives 46

2.3.3.1 Classification of Special Libraries under Broader

Groups

46

2.4 Special Library: The Origin 47

2.4.1 Naming a Library as Special 49

2.4.2 Special Library: The Concept 49

2.4.3 Special Library: The Key Elements 52

2.4.4 The Role of Special Library 52

2.5 Legitimating of Special Library 53

2.6 Special Library: Some Innovative Tasks 53

2.7 Construction of Special Library Building: Ten Key Commandments 55

2.8 Growth and Development of Special Libraries 56

2.8.1 Growth and Development of Special Libraries in Some Major

Countries of the World

59

2.8.2 Growth and Development of Special Libraries in Asia 62

2.8.2.1 Growth and Development of Special Libraries in

Bangladesh

65

2.8.2.2 Special Library Networking in Bangladesh 71

2.8.2.2.1 Inter-library Lending System 71

2.8.2.2.2 NHLDC and ICDDR,B 72

Page # vi

Title Page #

2.8.2.2.3 National Agricultural Information

System (NAIS)

72

2.8.2.2.4 The Social Science Research Council

(SSRC) Social Science Information

Network

72

2.8.2.2.5 HeLLIS 73

2.8.2.2.6 DEVINSA 73

2.8.2.2.7 INRD and WIN 73

2.8.2.2.8 BDSIC Network 73

2.8.2.2.9 Population Information Network 74

2.8.2.2.10 AMDISA Library Network 74

2.8.2.2.11 BANSLINK 74

2.8.3 Services offered by the Special Libraries in Bangladesh 76

2.9 Conclusion 77

CHAPTER-3 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

AND THEIR USAGE IN THE LIBRARIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

THE SPECIAL LIBRARIES IN BANGLADESH: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

81-188

3.1 Evolution of Information Technology 81

3.2 Information Technology: The Concept 85

3.2.1 IT vs ICT: A Synonymous Concept 87

3.2.2 Scope of Information Technology

89

3.3 Growth and development of IT: A Chronologic Overview 90

3.4 IT Revolution: Some Emerging Issues 95

3.4.1 Globalization 95

3.4.2 Localization 95

3.4.3 Digitization 96

3.4.4 The Great Migration 96

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Title Page #

3.4.5 Preservation 97

3.4.6 Miniaturization of Information Systems 97

3.4.7 Instant Access and Diverse Navigational Strategies 97

3.5 Use of IT in Library: A Historical Perspective (1930 to 1982) 98

3.5.1 Library Automation 99

3.5.1.1 Punch Card in Library Automation 99

3.5.1.2 Emergence of Computerised Circulation Control 100

3.5.1.3 Introduction of Integrated System with Multi

Module

101

3.5.1.4 Co-operative Automation 101

3.5.1.5 Centralized Cataloguing System 101

3.5.2 Information Retrieval System 102

3.5.2.1 Key Word Search 103

3.5.2.2 Boolean Search Techniques 103

3.5.2.3 Full-text Searching 103

3.5.3 Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) 104

3.5.4 Local Computer Retrieval and SDI Services 104

3.5.5 Indexing 105

3.5.5.1 Subject indexing 105

3.5.6 Library Network/Consortium 106

3.5.6.1 Library Network/Consortium: USA 112

3.5.6.2 Library Network/Consortium: UK 113

3.5.6.3 Large Scale Network 114

3.5.6.4 Research Libraries Information Network 115

3.5.6.5 Library Retrieval Information System 115

3.5.6.6 Inter-lending and Document Delivery Network 116

Page # viii

Title Page #

3.5.7 Online Searching Services 116

3.5.7.1 Online Bibliographic Retrieval 116

3.5.7.2 Online Subject Citation Alert 117

3.5.7.3 Online Catalogue 117

3.5.7.4 Online Remote Access Catalogue and Circulation

System

118

3.5.8 Bibliographic Control 118

3.5.9 Computer-based Secondary information Services 118

3.5.10 Remote Library Access 119

3.5.11 Facsimile transmission 119

3.5.12 Bibliographic Co-operative Movement 119

3.5.13 Retrieval Information by Online Terminal 120

3.5.14 Document Storage in Video Tape 120

3.5.15 Telnet 121

3.5.16 Tele text 121

3.5.17 Satellite Launching 121

3.5.18 ISBN Adopted 125

3.5.19 Natural Language Searching and Truncation 126

3.5.20 Public Telecommunications Network and Use of Packet

Switching System

127

3.5.21 Machine-readable Serials Data 127

3.5.22 Legal Text Data Searching Facility 128

3.5.23 National Bibliographic Database 128

3.5.24 Launching of Communications Technology Satellite 129

3.5.25 The First Electronic Journal 129

3.5.26 MARC Appearance: A milestone 130

3.5.26.1 MARC Variants 130

Page # ix

Title Page #

3.5.27 Emergence of Prototype of Video-disc Players 131

3.5.28 Electronic Computer Originated Mail 132

3.5.29 First Video Disk Serial 132

3.5.30 Photocopying on Commercial Periodical(s) 133

3.5.31 Automatic Classification 133

3.5.32 IT-82 134

3.6 Information Technology in Bangladesh 138

3.7 Application of Information Technology Libraries and Information

Centres

142

3.7.1 Integrated Library System (ILS) 143

3.7.1.1 Computerized Circulation 144

3.7.1.2 Computerized Acquisition 146

3.7.1.2.1 Ordering 146

3.7.1.2.2 Receiving 146

3.7.1.2.3 Paying 147

3.7.1.2.4 Input to Cataloguing 147

3.7.1.2.5 Administration 147

3.7.1.3 Computerized Serial Control 147

3.7.1.4 Library Automation System 149

3.7.1.4.1 Online Public Access Catalogue

(OPAC)

150

3.7.1.4.2 Web-OPAC 150

3.7.2 Information Storage and Dissemination 151

3.7.2.1 Digital Preservation 151

3.7.2.1.1 Refreshing 152

3.7.2.1.2 Migration 152

3.7.2.1.3 Replication 152

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Title Page #

3.7.2.1.4 Emulation 153

3.7.2.1.4 Trustworthy digital object 153

3.7.2.2 Digital Library or Electronic Library 153

3.7.2.2.1 No physical boundary 154

3.7.2.2.2 Round the clock availability 154

3.7.2.2.3 Multiple accesses 154

3.7.2.2.4 Structured approach 154

3.7.2.2.5 Information retrieval 154

3.7.2.2.6 Preservation and conservation 154

3.7.2.2.7 Space 154

3.7.2.2.8 Networking 154

3.7.2.2.9 Cost 154

3.7.2.3 Virtual Library 160

3.7.2.4 Institutional Repository 161

3.7.2.5 E-Resources 163

3.7.2.5.1 Electronic Journal 163

3.7.2.5.2 Electronic Book 164

3.7.2.6 IT in Microform Document 165

3.7.2.6.1 Computer-Output-Microfiche (COM) 165

3.7.2.6.2 Computer Input Microfilm (CIM) 165

3.7.2.7 Web-based Library Portal 166

3.7.2.8 Information Dissemination 167

3.7.3 Administration/Office Management Tasks 168

3.8 Use of Information Technology in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh:

A Brief Sketch

169

3.8.1 Electronic union catalogue as Union OPAC in Bangladesh 180

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Title Page #

3.9 Conclusion 181

CHAPTER-4 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 189-319

4.1 Data Analysis: The Concept 189

4.2 Sample Population 190

4.2.1 Chi-Square Test 192

4.2.2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 194

4.3 Data Analysis and Interpretation of Preliminary Survey 195

4.3.1 Year wise Growth of Special Libraries of Bangladesh 202

4.3.2 Location of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh 205

4.3.3 Collection of the Special Libraries 207

4.3.4 Users of the Special Libraries 209

4.3.5 Status of Manpower in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh 211

4.3.6 Use of Information Technology 213

4.3.6.1 State of Application Computer in Library Services 215

4.3.6.2 State of Internet Use in Special Libraries 216

4.3.6.3 State of OPAC Services in the Special Libraries 217

4.3.6.4 State of Automation (Bibliographic Record/

Catalogue)

218

4.3.6.5 State of Automated Circulation Service in Special

Libraries

219

4.3.7 Annual Budget Allocation of the Special Libraries of

Bangladesh

220

4.3.8 Key Findings of the Preliminary Survey to Find out Major

Special Libraries of Bangladesh

221

4.3.9 Testing of Hypotheses Formulated in the Preliminary Survey 233

4.4 Analysis and Interpretation of Data of Final Survey 239

4.4.1 Analysis and Interpretation of Data of Final Survey 239

Page # xii

Title Page #

4.4.2 Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh: A Contour 239

4.4.3 Manpower of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh 243

4.4.3.1 Library-wise Manpower 246

4.4.3.2 Category of Library Management 247

4.4.3.3 Adequacy of Manpower in Special Libraries 248

4.4.3.4 Deputation of Staff for Professional Training 249

4.4.4 Collections of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh 250

4.4.5 Users Community of Special Libraries of Bangladesh 253

4.4.6 Annual Budget of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh 254

4.4.7 IT Status of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh 256

4.4.7.1 Use of Computers

4.4.7.2 Internet Connectivity 261

4.4.7.3 State of Networking: LAN, MAN, WAN & WAN &

Web Portals

263

4.4.7.4 Automation and OPAC 265

4.4.7.4.1 Automation of Bibliographical Services 266

4.4.7.4.2 Automation of Circulation Control 267

4.4.7.4.3 State of OPAC Service Available in

Special Libraries

268

4.4.7.4.4 Library Automation Software 269

4.4.7.4.5 State of Digital Library Service

4.4.8 Services Provided by Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh 271

4.4.8.1 General Reference Services 273

4.4.8.2 IT based Services 277

4.4.8.2.1 Internet Service Conditions 277

4.4.8.2.2 IT based other Services 279

4.4.8.2.3 Reprographic Facilities 283

Page # xiii

Title Page #

4.5 Problems of the Application of Information Technology 284

4.5.1 Financial Problem 286

4.5.2 Attitudinal Problems 288

4.5.3 Uncongenial Environment in Application of IT 290

4.5.4 Problems of Software in IT Application 292

4.5.5 Machinery Problems in IT Application 294

4.5.6 Manpower Problems in IT Application 296

4.5.7 Problems of IPR in Digitizing Materials 297

4.6 Prospects of the Application of Information Technology 299

4.7 Testing Hypotheses Formulated in the Final Survey 304

4.8 Key Differences of Preliminary and Final Survey 311

4.9 Supplementary Survey 315

CHAPTER-5 FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS 320-359

5.1 Introduction 320

5.2 Constraints of the Study 321

5.3 Findings 322

5.3.1 Findings of Preliminary Survey 323

5.3.2 Findings of Final Survey 327

5.3.3 The Core Ten Causes 339

5.4 Testing of Hypotheses and Inferences 340

5.5 Suggestions 342

5.6 Scope of the Further Study 357

Appendices Appendices (Questionnaires, Addresses of the Samples,

Bibliography/Wenbliography, Author Index, Key Word Index)

360-426

Questionnaire for Preliminary Survey 361

Questionnaire for Final Survey 364

Page # xiv

Title Page #

Questionnaire for Supplementary Survey 373

Addresses of Special Libraries where preliminary questionnaires were

sent

375

List of the Respondent Special Libraries of Bangladesh in Preliminary

Survey

385

List of the Respondent Special Libraries of Bangladesh in Final Survey 390

List of the Respondents of Supplementary Survey 391

Bibliography/Webliography 392

Author Index 402

Key Word Index 409

Page # xv

List of Tables Table No Title Chapter No. Page No.

Table-1.1 Subscribers of Fixed and Mobile Phone 2001-2006 (April)

1 15

Table-1.2 Statistics of different types of licenses issued by BTRC

1 16

Table 1.3

Growth of Telecommunications in Bangladesh (1995-2003)

1 17

Table- 1.4 Socio-Economic Indicators of Bangladesh (Concise)

1 35

Table-2.1 Classification of the libraries and the Special libraries

2 47

Table-2.2

Special Library Networks of Bangladesh at a Glance

2 75

Table-3.1 A Chronological growth of IT 3 92

Table-3.2

Some of the ICOLS’s Member Consortia (worldwide)

3 107

Table-3.3

Currently operational Satellites’ list on country bases (updated up to 27-12-2006)

3 122

Table-3.4

Functioning Satellites arranged by Users/Purposes of use

3 124

Table-3.5

History of Information Technology: A Year-wise Chronological Growth in Some Key Systems (1945-1996)

3 135

Table-3.6

Microcomputers and Minicomputers Uses in Bangladesh (1960-1980)

3 139

Table-3.7

Functions & Salient Features of Computerised Circulation Control System

3 145

Table-3.8 Functions and Salient Features of Computerized Serial Control

3 148

Table-3.9

Some of the Registered OAI-PMH Service Providers

3 156

Table-3.10 Some of the Open Source Software for Institutional Repository

3 162

Table-3.11

Use of IT in Libraries and Information Centres of Bangladesh (1980-1995)

3 170

Table-3.12 Use of IT in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

3 173

Table-4.1 Background Information of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh (Preliminary Survey)

4 196

Table-4.2 Year-wise Growth of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 203

Table-4.3 Location of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 205

Table-4.4 Collection of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 207

Table-4.5 Users of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 209

Table-4.6 Workforce in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 211

Table-4.7 Use of IT in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 213

Page # xvi

Table No Title Chapter No. Page No.

Table-4.8 Annual Budget Allocation in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 220

Table-4.9 Special Libraries of Bangladesh using Computer(s)

4 222

Table-4.10 Ranking Table of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 228

Table-4.11 Year of Establishment, Mode of Management, Nature and Location the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 240

Table-4.12 Mode of Governance of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 241

Table-4.13 Manpower of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (Classified)

4 244

Table-4.14 Manpower of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (Arranged)

4 245

Table-4.15 Collection, Users, Budgets of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 250

Table-4.16 Collections of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh by Subject Domains

4 251

Table-4.17 Users of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 253

Table-4.18 The Annual Budget of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (FY 2006-2007)

4 254

Table-4.19 IT Status of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 256

Table-4.20 Use of Computers by Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (Quantity)

4 259

Table-4.21 State of Internet Connectivity 4 262

Table-4.22 LAN, MAN, WAN and Web Portals of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 264

Table-4.23 Automation and OPAC Facilities of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 266

Table-4.24 Library Automation Software used by Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 270

Table-4.25 Tabulated Data of Background Information of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh (Final Survey)

4 272

Table-4.26 General Reference Service Providers 4 274

Table-4.27 Internet Service Conditions 4 278

Table-4.28 IT-based Special Services 4 280

Table-4.29 Reprographic Services 4 283

Table-4.30 Problems of IT Applications in Special Libraries in Bangladesh

4 284

Page # xvii

Table No Title Chapter No. Page No.

Table-4.31 Financial Problem in Application of IT in Special Libraries in Bangladesh

4 287

Table-4.32 Attitudinal Problem in Application of IT 4 289

Table-4.33 Uncongenial Environment in Application of IT 4 291

Table-4.34 Problem of Software (SW) in IT Application 4 292

Table-4.35 Machinery Problems in IT Application 4 294

Table-4.36 Manpower Problems in IT Application 4 296

Table-4.37 Problems for Intellectual Property Rights 4 298

Table-4.38 Prospects of IT Application 4 300

Table-4.39 (A) Prospects of Using IT in Libraries 4 301

Table-4.39 (B) Prospects of Using IT in Libraries 4 303

Table-4.40 Findings of Preliminary and Final Survey: The Differences

4 312

Table-4.41 Analysis of the Answers of the Professional Respondents

4 317

Table-4.42 Twelve Core Causes/Grounds of the Problems of the Application of IT in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 318

Table-5.1 Proposed list of Special Library Consortiums 5 354

Page # xviii

List of Figures/Maps/Diagrams Illustration’s

Name and No. Title/Caption Chapter Page

Figure-1.1 Participation of Tele/Cell Phone Operator in Bangladesh

1 15

Figure-1.2 Map of Bangladesh 1 36

Diagram-2.1 Classification of Libraries by their Collection 2 45

Diagram-2.2 Classification of Libraries by their services 2 45

Diagram-2.3 Classification of Libraries by their Nature and Objectives

2 46

Diagram-2.4 Classification of Special Libraries under Broad Groups

2 46

Figure-3.1 Ownership of Functional Satellites 3 124

Figure-3.2 Users/purposes of using satellites 3 125

Figure-3.3 Growth of IT in Institutes of Bangladesh (1960-80)

3 142

Figure-3.4 Use of IT in Libraries and Information Canters of Bangladesh (1980-1995)

3 172

Figure-3.5 State of Computer installation in special libraries of Bangladesh

3 179

Figure-4.1 Year-wise Growth of Special Libraries of Bangladesh (1930-2006)

4 204

Figure-4.2 Growth of Special Libraries on Year Base (%) 4 204

Figure-4.3 Trends of Growth of Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 205

Figure-4.4 Location of Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 205

Figure-4.5 Location of Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%) 4 206

Figure-4.6 Collection of Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 208

Figure-4.7 Collection of Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 209

Figure-4.8 Users of Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%) 4 210

Figure-4.9 Users of Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 210

Figure-4.10 Workforce of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 212

Figure-4.11 Workforce of the Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 212

Figure-4.12 Computer in Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 214

Figure-4.13 Computer Use in Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 215

Figure-4.14 Internet in Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%) 4 215

Figure-4.15 Internet in Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 216

Figure-4.16 OPAC in Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%) 4 217

Figure-4.17 OPAC in Special Libraries of Bangladesh 4 217

Figure-4.18 Automation (Bibliographic Record only) in Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 218

Page # xix

Figure-4.19 Automation (Catalogue) in Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 218

Figure-4.20 Automation (Circulation) in Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 219

Figure-4.21 Automation (Circulation) in Special Libraries of Bangladesh

4 219

Figure-4.22 Budget Allocation of Special Libraries of Bangladesh (2006-07) (%)

4 221

Figure-4.23 Special Libraries of Bangladesh Classified on Nature

4 241

Figure-4.24 Participation of Special Libraries as on Mode of Management in Final Survey (%)

4 242

Figure-4.25 Bibliographic Automation of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 245

Figure-4.26 Manpower of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 246

Figure-4.27 Proportional Workforces as 100% 4 248

Figure-4.28 Opinion of Existing Manpower of Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 249

Figure-4.29 Deputation of Staffs for Professional Training (%)

4 250

Figure-4.30 Collection of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 252

Figure-4.31 Users of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 253

Figure-4.32 Graphical Presentation of Annual Budget of Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 256

Figure-4.33 Use of Computers of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (quantity)

4 259

Figure-4.34 Quantity of Computers of Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 260

Figure-4.35 Internet Connectivity of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 261

Figure-4.36 State of Internet Connectivity 4 262

Figure-4.37 State of Internet Connectivity (%) 4 263

Figure-4.38 LAN Connectivity of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 264

Figure-4.39 MAN Connectivity of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 264

Figure-4.40 WAN Connectivity of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 265

Figure-4.41 Web Portals of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 265

Figure-4.42 Bibliographic Automation of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 267

Figure-4.43 Circulation Automation of Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 268

Figure-4.44 OPAC Facilities of the Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 269

Figure-4.45 Use of Library Automation Software by Major Special Libraries of Bangladesh (%)

4 270

Figure-4.46 Digital Library Service Providers (%) 4 271

Page # xx

Figure-4.47 Indexing Service Providers (%) 4 275

Figure-4.48 Abstracting Service Providers (%) 4 275

Figure-4.49 Bibliographic Service Providers (%) 4 275

Figure-4.50 CAS Service Providers (%) 4 276

Figure-4.51 SDI Service Providers (%) 4 276

Figure-4.52 Research Report Service Providers (%) 4 276

Figure-4.53 News Paper Clipping Service Providers (%) 4 277

Figure-4.54 Internet Services to the Users (Timing) (%) 4 279

Figure-4.55 Internet Services to the Users (Financial Aspect) (%)

4 279

Figure-4.56 On-line Database Services (%) 4 281

Figure-4.57 On-line E-journal Services (%) 4 281

Figure-4.58 CD-ROM Database Service (%) 4 281

Figure-4.59 E-mail Based CAS/SDI Service (%) 4 282

Figure-4.60 E-mail Based Bulletin Service (%) 4 282

Figure-4.61 Printing Facility (%) 4 282

Figure-4.62 Financial Problem in IT Application 4 288

Figure-4.63 Attitudinal Problem in IT Application 4 289

Figure-4.64 Uncongenial Environment in IT Application 4 291

Figure-4.65 SW Problems in IT Application 4 293

Figure-4.66 Machinery Problem in IT Application 4 295

Figure-4.67 Manpower Problem in IT Application 4 297

Figure-4.68 IPR Problem in Digitization (%) 4 298

Figure-4.69 Prospect of IT Application in Special Libraries (A)

4 302

Figure-4.70 Prospect of IT Application in Special Libraries (B)

4 303

Diagram-5.1 Schema of the Proposed Bangladesh National Special Library Consortia (BANSCL)

5 353

Page # xxi

List of Abbreviations/Acronyms

A.D. : Anno Domini

ACARDA : Advisory Council for Applied Research and Development (UK)

Admn : Administrative

ADONIS : Article Delivery Over Network Information System

AECL : Atomic Energy Commission Library

AERE : Atomic Energy Research Establishment

AFMC : Armed Forces Medial College

Agri : Agricultural

AIC : Agricultural Information Centre

AIC Lib. : Agricultural Information Centre Library

AIM-TWX : Abridge Index Medicus by Teletype Writer Exchange

ALA : American Library Association

AMIDSA : Association of Management Development Institute in South Asia

ANON : Author not indicated

APINESS : Asia-Pacific International Network in Social Sciences

APOLLO : Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (NASA)

ARPA : Advanced Research Projects Agency

ASCA : Automatic Subject Citation Alert

AT&T : American Telephone & Telegraph

AUSMARC : Australian Machine Readable Cataloguing

AWRE : Atomic Weapons Research Establishment

B. Bank Lib. : Bangladesh Bank Library

B.C. : Before Christ

B.Sec.L. : Bangladesh Secretariat Library

BAdmnLC : Bangladesh Administrative Library Consortium

BALC : Bangladesh Agricultural Library Consortium

BALLOTS : Bibliographic Automation of Large Library Operations Using a Time-

Sharing System

BANBEIS : Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics

BANBEIS L&DC : Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics Library and

Documentation Centre

BANSDOC : Bangladesh National Scientific and Technical Documentation Centre

BANSDOC Lib. : Bangladesh National Scientific and Technical Documentation Centre

Library

Page # xxii

BANSLC : Bangladesh National Special Library Consortia

BANSLINK : Bangladesh National Scientific and Library Information Network

BARC : Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council

BAU : Bangladesh Agricultural University

BAUL : Bangladesh Agricultural University Library

BBALC : Bangladesh Business Administration Library Consortium

BBC : British Broadcasting Corporation

BCDLC : Bangladesh Community Development Library Consortium

BCPS : Bangladesh College Physician & Surgeon

BCPSL : Bangladesh College of Physician and Surgeon Library

BCS : Bangladesh Civil Service

BCSAA Lib. : Bangladesh Civil Service Administration Academy Library

BD : Bangladesh

BDSIC : Bangladesh Development Support Information and Communication

BE&TLC : Bangladesh Engineering and Technology Library Consortium

BHLC : Bangladesh Health Library Consortium

BIBSYS-MARC : Bibliographic System-Machine Readable Cataloguing

BIDS : Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies

BIDSL : Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies Library

BIIS L & D C : Bangladesh Institute of International Strategic Studies Library and

Documentation Centre

BIISS : Bangladesh Institute of International Strategic Studies

BINA : Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture

BIRDEM : Bangladesh Institute if Diabetic, Endocrinology and Metabolic

BIRDEML : Bangladesh Institute if Diabetic, Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorder

Library

BL : British Library

BLAISE : British Library Automated Information Service

BLCMP : Birmingham Libraries Cooperative Mechanisation Project

BLEND : Birmingham and Loughborough Electronic Network Development

BPATCL : Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre Library

BR&DLC : Bangladesh Research & Development Library Consortium

BRRIL : Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Library

BS&TLC : Bangladesh Science & Technology Library Consortium

BSCIC : Bangladesh Small Cottage Industries Corporation

BSMMU : Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

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BSMMUL : Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Medical University Library

BSRTI : Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute

BTL : Bangladesh Telecom Private Limited

BTRC : Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission

BTTB : Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board

BUET : Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

BUETL : Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Busi : Business

C.I.S. : Current Information Service

CAN/MARC : Canadian Machine Readable Cataloguing

Caritas Lib : Caritas Library

CAS : Current Awareness Service

Chemical Abstract Service (Division of American Chemical Society)

CD : Compact Disk

CDL : Community Development Library

CDL : Community Development Library

CD-ROM : Compact Disk-Read Only Memory

CDS/ISIS : Computerized Documentation Services/Integrated Set of Information

System

CIM : Computer Input Microfilm

CIP : Catalogue in Process

CIRDAP : Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and Pacific

CIRDAP Lib. : Centre of Integrated Rural Development of Asia and Pacific

CIS : Central Index System

CMARC : China Machine Readable Cataloguing

COC : Consortium of Consortia

COLEX : Column Exchange

COM : Computer-Output-Microfiche

COMICON : Comic Book Convention

CONSOR : Conservation of Serials Resources

CSCD : Centre for Sustainable Community Development

CSUC : California State University and Colleges

CTS : Communications Technology Satellite

CUETL : Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Library

D. Star Lib : The Daily Star Library

D. Star. Lib. : The Daily Star Library

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D.O.D. : Development for the Development of Defence

DanMARC : Danish Machine Readable Cataloguing

DCCI : Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industries

DCCI Lib. : Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industries Library

DDN : Digital Data Network

DEVINSA : The Development Information Network for South Asia

DIALOGUE : A database service provider

DIANE : Direct Information Access Network for Europe

DISC : Dissemination of Information Service Centre

DL : Digital Library

DT : Data Transmission

E & T : Engineering & Technology

e.g. : exampli gratia

EDUCOM : Educational Communication

EEC : European Economic Community

EIES : Electronic Information Exchange Scheme

E-mail : Electronic Mail

ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

EUROLEX : European Lexemes

EURONET : European Network

FACTS : Facilities Assets Catalogue and Tracking System

FIND : Facsimile Information Network Development

FRILDOC : Fisheries Research Institute Library and Documentation Centre

GDP : Gross Domestic Product

HeLLIS : Health Literature, Library and Information Services

HERMES : High-Energy Radiation Megavolt Electron Source

HINARI : Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative

http : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

IBA : Intelligent Bandwidth Allocation (PCSI)

Institute of Business Administration

IBAL : Institute of Business Administration Library

IBM : International Business Machine

ICDDR,B : International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

ICOLC : International Coalition of Library Consortia

ICT : Information Communication Technology

IDP : Integrated Data Processing

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IERL : Institute of Educational Research Library

IIUC : International Islamic University of Chittagong

IJSG : International Jute Study Group

ILL : Inter Library Loan/ Inter Library Lending

ILS : Integrated Library Systems

INIS : International Nuclear Information System (International Atomic Energy

Agency)

INRD : Information Network on Rural Development

INSPEC : Information Service for Physics, Electronics, and Computing

INTERMARC : International Machine Readable Cataloguing

Intl : International

INTREX : Information Transfer Experiments

IP : Internet Protocol

IPLC : International Private Leased Line Circuits

IR : Information Retrieval

ISBN : International Standard Book Number

ISDN : Integrated Services Digital Network

ISDS : International Serial Data System

ISP : Internet Service Provider

ISRT : Institute of Statistical Research and Training

IT : Information Technology

ITU : International Tele Communication Union

KORMARC : Korean Machine Readable Cataloguing

L&IC : Library and Information Centre

L&RC, IJSG : Library and Resource Centre, International Jute Study Group

LAB : Library Association of Bangladesh

LC : Library of Congress

LEO : Lyons Electronic Office

LEXIS : Legal Electronic Research System

Lib. : Library

LIBRIS : Library Retrieval Information System

LIC, N. Par. : Legislative Information Centre, National Parliament

LIS : Library and Information Science

Librarian and Information Scientists

LISU : Library and Information Service Unit

LITE : Legal Information Through Electronics

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LOCAS : Local Cataloguing Service

Ltd. : Limited

M3 : Money, Manpower and Material

MAB : Maschinelles Austauschformat für Bibliotheken

MARC : Machine Readable Cataloguing

MATS : Medical Assistant Training School

Mb : Mega Byte

MCH : The Maternal and Child Health

MICR : Magnetic Ink Character Reader

MIDAS : Micro Industries Development Assistance

MIT : Massachusetts Institute of Technology

N.Y. : New York

NAIS : National Agricultural Information System

NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NGO : Non-governmental Organisation

NHLD : National Health Library and Documentation Centre

NHLDoc : National Health Documentation Centre

NICVD : National Institute of Cardio Vascular Disease

NIPORT : National Institute of Population Research and Training

NIPORTL : National Institute of Population Research Library

NLM : The National Library of Medicine

NORMARC : Norwegian Machine Readable Cataloguing

NOTOR : National Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedic Rehabilitation

NSC : Network Service Centre

NSF : National Scientific Foundation

OAI-PMH : Open Archives Initiative-Protocol for Metadata Harvesting

OCLC : Online Computer Library Centre

OPAC : Online Public Access Catalogue

ORACLE : Optional Reception of Announcements by Coded Line Electronics

ORBIT : Online Retrieval of Bibliographic Information Time-Sharing

OSTI : Office for Scientific and Technical Information

OTS : Orbital Test Satellite

PL : Paper Library

PMOL : Prime Minister’s Office Library

PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network

Pvt. : Private

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R & D : Research and Development

R & D : Research & Development

RECON : Remote Console

RETD : Red Especial de Transmisión de Datos

RFID : Radio Frequency Identification

RIOT : Retrieval of Information by On-line Terminal

RLG : Research Library Group

RLIN : Research Library Information Network

ROM : Read Only Memory

S & T : Science & Technology

SAARC : South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation

SAIC : SAARC Agricultural Information Centre

SAICL : SAARC Agricultural Information Centre Library

SCOLCAP : Scottish Libraries Cooperative Automation Project

SDC : System Development Corporation

SDI : Selective Dissemination of Information

SDNBD : Sustainable Development Network for Bangladesh

SDNP : Sustainable Development Network

SEARO : South-East Asia Regional Office

SL : Special Library

SLA : Special Library Association

SMART : Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology

SPARSO : Bangladesh Space Research & Remote Sensing

SSRC : Social Science Research Council

STAIRS : Storage and Information Retrieval System

STATUS : Specialized Technical and Technology User Services

SWALCAP : South West-Area Library Cataloguing Project

TIP : Technical Information Project

TODs : Trustworthy Digital Objects

UDC : Universal Decimal Classification

UK : United Kingdom

UKAEA : United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

UNDP : United Nation Development Programme

UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNIC : United Nation Information Centre

UNICL : United Nations Information Centre Library

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UNIMARC : Universal Machine Readable Cataloguing

UNISIST : United Nations International Scientific Information System

UNIVERSE : Universities Extended Ring and Satellite Experiment

US : United States

USA : United States of America

USAID : United States Agency for International Development

USMARC : United States Machine Readable Cataloguing

USTL : University of Science and Technology Library

UUCP : Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol

VSAT : Very Small Aperture Terminal

WHO : World Health Organization

WIN : Women Information Network

WWW : World Wide Web

Page # xxix

Md. Anwarul Islam PhD Research Scholar (Fulltime)

PG Dept. of Lib. & Info. Science Sambalpur University Jyoti Vihar-768019, Burla Sambalpur, Orissa, India

Librarian Prime Minister’s Office (Chief Advisers’ Office) Tejgaon, Dhaka-1215 Bangladesh Phone: 0088-02-8152117 (Off.) Cell: 0088-0152338369 E-mail: anwarpulak@gmail.com

Acknowledgements

After a long interval of my regular studentship, I became a regular

research student (a fulltime research scholar) in the P.G. Department of

Library and Information Science, Sambalpur University, which is thousands of

kilometres away from my native country. Without family members, I spent my

time in one of the most progressive country with a multi cultural, multi lingual,

and multi spiritual environment. To adapt with the new place, new language,

new custom, a man of academic and professional excellence and above all, a

good human came forward to guide me, he is none except Dr. K. C. Panda. He

was my research guide and the true mentor. Research is an intellectual

exercise, which a researcher cannot succeed without the assistance of an

effective Guide. The initial stage of my research was extremely hard as I was

not fully acquainted with the methodical jargons and well established canons

of social research, which after a short period my work, my Guide and mentor

Dr. K. C. Panda showed me the way as a vanguard. I learnt from him, how to

write, how to edit, how to read, how to stick to the time schedule. It is

remarkable that, he is the most sincere in his work and time keeping and

extremely fast in achieving the target. His virtues influence me very much.

More thanks are not suffice for his kind and valuable guidance. So, I am

showing him the heartiest gratefulness and respect. His intellectual and

fatherly guidance helped me to shape my future research plans to a great

deal. Mention may be made that, Mrs. Panda a simple and pious lady always

encourages the researchers with excellent hospitality. I would be failed in my

Page # xxx

duty, if I do not pay my heartiest regard to her. Without the sincere and

valuable guidance and meticulous editing of the scripts by my mentor Dr.

Panda, the present work would have remained incomplete.

I am also thankful to the faculty members, office staffs, and students of

this department for their kind cooperation and brotherly hood. As a fulltime

research scholar, all of them love me very much. I oblige all faculty members

and office staffs and the students of P.G. Department of Library and

Information Science of Sambalpur University who have shown me their

affection and love during the period of my research. I spent a lot of time with

them. I convey my special thanks to the Head and Coordinator of the

Department allowing me to use their IT Lab during the period of my research.

I am grateful to LAB-M S Khan Foundation for their fellowship

(Academic Expenditure) and equally grateful to the executive body of LAB-M S

Kahn Foundation and wish its success. I also pray to Allah for the eternal

peace for Late M S Khan (The father of the Library and Information Science in

Bangladesh) whose contributions to the profession inspired me to come to the

present stage.

I owe to the Prime Minister’s Office (Presently Chief Adviser’s Office) on

behalf of the Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh for giving the

opportunity to me to carry out my doctoral research as fulltime research

scholar on deputation. I am grateful to my controlling officers and my

colleagues at Prime Minister’s Office and all those who helped me a lot in

various aspects. It was hard for me to carry out the doctoral research with the

token fellowship, as a result, my authority arranged monetary grants from the

fund of the Honourable Prime Minister of the Government of the Peoples

Republic of Bangladesh, for which, I am grateful to the Honourable Prime

Minister of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, for his/her kind grant.

Page # xxxi

I am also grateful to my friends, colleagues and LIS professionals those

who had helped me directly and indirectly during the period of my research.

All of them became my well wisher and path-finder and contributed

substantially in my career. I am highly grateful to all LIS professionals of

Bangladesh for their kind and timely response to my questionnaire without

which this thesis would have remained incomplete.

I am equally grateful to my wife Mrs. Farhana Anwar (Zhinuk), my

family members and relatives who inspired me to complete my research work

well in time. Their dedication inspired me to achieve my goal.

11/7/2007

(Md. Anwarul Islam) Research Scholar

Page # xxxii

Md. Anwarul Islam PhD Research Scholar (Fulltime)

PG Dept. of Lib. & Info. Science Sambalpur University Jyoti Vihar-768019, Burla Sambalpur, Orissa, India

Librarian Prime Minister’s Office Tejgaon, Dhaka-1215 Bangladesh Phone: 0088-02-8152117 (Off.) Cell: 0088-0152338369 E-mail: anwarpulak@gmail.com

Declaration

I do here by declare that, the doctoral thesis entitled, “Application of

Information and Technology in the Special Libraries of Bangladesh: Problems

and Prospects” is my original research work carried out under the direct

supervision and guidance of Dr. K. C. Panda, Reader & Coordinator, P.G.

Department of Library and Information Science, Sambalpur University, Orissa,

India.

I further declare that, the above-mentioned thesis has not been

submitted to any university or Institute for any other degree earlier. I also

declare that, I have dully and respectfully acknowledged all those, whose

intellectual thought contents and academic contributions, ideas, thoughts, and

opinions found relevant have been borrowed and used in this thesis, as a

token of respect.

Jyoti Vihar, Burla (Md. Anwarul Islam) Date:11/07/2007 Research Scholar

Page # xxxiii

Preface

Information Technology is the most powerful catalyst of changing the

society into ‘technology-based society’. Information technology (IT) has been

influencing the day-to-day activities including the thinking process of mankind.

Globalization is a blessing and a brainchild of information technology. Actually,

we are at the mid of information revolution and information overload.

Developments in computers, electronic equipments and telecommunications

have brought information technology to all aspects of work and leisure. These

developments are focusing our attention on the storage, retrieval and use of

information, the way we communicate with others, with ourselves, and with

the world at large. As each new technological development is applied, it has

an enormous impact on libraries and information units too. The developments

of information technology have considerably influenced the conduct of our

lives, our education, employment, industrialization, and leisure. Major social,

political and economic issues are being more widely discussed as are areas of

central interest to librarians for decades such as; intellectual ownership, the

security of personal data, freedom of information and of educational

opportunity. Linked information flows from the developed to less developed

nations as well as the socio economic role of information provisions.

Due to the impact of information and communication technology, library

practices and procedures are, therefore, changing at a much faster pace, but

the nature of information itself is being transformed through the shift from

linear text-based information environments to the networked hyperlinked non-

linear environment of the internet. All have begun to recognize the crucial role

played by information technology in the 21st century. New technologies and

tools are changing the services that libraries provide, e.g. online references,

Page # xxxiv

instructions, document delivery, user-initiated library loan, direct borrowing

and self-checkout, etc. Perhaps, information technology was first used in

libraries in 1936 on a limited scale. In 1936, Ralph Parker installed Hollerith

Punched Card for Circulation Control in the University of Texas Library, but

information technology was first introduced in library practices in the 1950s’ in

library automation activities. After that, a lot of developments in information

technology have taken place and IT is being used in almost all the fields of

library activities.

However, computer made a lateral entry in the libraries of Bangladesh

with as extremely slow pace. Since 1980, computers have been used in

libraries of Bangladesh; most of them are special libraries. This study

unmasked that 55% of special libraries of Bangladesh are using computers.

But, multiple using of computer in libraries is not satisfactory at all. Only 17 %

of special libraries are having automated catalogue; followed by 3% of special

libraries are having automated circulation control system, and 28% of them

are connected with Internet. This study tried to find out the problems and

prospects of IT application in the special libraries of Bangladesh. To achieve

the objectives of this investigation, the above survey was conducted in two

stages – the preliminary survey and the final survey. Considering data analysis

and interpretation, this study has made some useful

recommendations/suggestions to improve the existing special libraries of

Bangladesh.

The whole gamut of this investigation/study has been dealt under five

broad chapters. In this study, chapter-1 is an introductory one that gives a

detailed outline of research design including a brief introduction on the

subject; Aims and Objectives; Scope and Limitations; Size of Sample; State of

Art; Literature Reviewed; Hypotheses formulated; Methodology followed;

Chapter –2 contains a detailed description of special libraries that includes the

Page # xxxv

Genesis, Growth, and Development along with the current scenario of special

libraries covering global, regional, and local perspectives; Chapter–3 bears an

overall description of IT that includes the Genesis, History, Development, and

the present status of trend and its application in the special libraries with

special reference to Bangladesh; Chapter-4 reflects a detailed analysis of data

and makes necessary interpretations including findings and provides the

results of the present investigation conducted at two different stages –

preliminary and final survey so as to achieve the preordained objectives of this

investigation; Chapter-5 is the last chapter, which vividly presents a precise

summary of findings, conclusion, and suggestions of the investigator along

with the areas for the further study, followed with a bibliography, an index, a

list of libraries studied, and the questionnaire administered for the purpose at

the end.

Md. Anwarul Islam Research Scholar

Page # xxxvi

Statistical Compendium at a Glance

This doctoral thesis entitled, “Application of Information Technology in

the Special Libraries of Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects” has split its

outline/contents under five broad chapters adopted in 36 preliminaries and

426 textual pages (inclusive of tables, maps, figures and appendices) in total.

The data were collected through two pre-ordained structured questionnaires,

one for the preliminary and the other for final survey. In preliminary survey,

the questionnaires were sent to 268 special libraries of Bangladesh out of

which 122 special libraries were responded with a response rate of 45.52%.

From the findings of the analysis, 40 (33%) special libraries were selected as

major special libraries. In final survey, questionnaires were sent to 40 special

libraries, out of which only 33 special libraries were responded with the

response rate of 82.5%. Further, the entire study is garlanded with a total of

154 bibliographical and 33 webliographical references, 88 footnotes, 62 tables,

77 figures (graphs), 5 diagrams and 1 map and has applied ‘Ranking

Techniques’, ‘χ2‘and ‘ANOVA’ statistical techniques for the purpose of analysis

and interpretation of research data, not only to achieve the survey objectives,

but also to make the findings more scientific and statistically sound.

11/7/2007

(Md. Anwarul Islam) Research Scholar