Prehistory. Archaeology and Prehistory Archaeology is a branch of anthropology Archaeology is a...
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Transcript of Prehistory. Archaeology and Prehistory Archaeology is a branch of anthropology Archaeology is a...
PrehistoryPrehistory
Archaeology and PrehistoryArchaeology and Prehistory
Archaeology is a branch of Archaeology is a branch of anthropologyanthropology
Archaeologists constantly re-Archaeologists constantly re-evaluate conclusions in their evaluate conclusions in their study of past humans / study of past humans / hominidshominids
The Ice Age…The Ice Age…
1 million to approximately 9 1 million to approximately 9 thousand years agothousand years ago
Glaciers covered 1/3 of the Glaciers covered 1/3 of the northern hemisphere four timesnorthern hemisphere four times
Humans migratedHumans migrated Sea level dropped and land Sea level dropped and land
bridges formedbridges formed
http://www.becominghuman.org
Prologue and Evidence DocumentaryPrologue and Evidence Documentary Why is Hadar, Ethiopia important to Why is Hadar, Ethiopia important to
archeological study?archeological study? Who is LUCY? Why is her Who is LUCY? Why is her
discovery significant?discovery significant? How did early hominids How did early hominids
utilize their environment?utilize their environment?
Paleolithic EraPaleolithic Era
Australopithecus anamensisAustralopithecus anamensis and and Australopithecus africanusAustralopithecus africanus – 2.5 to 4 – 2.5 to 4 million years agomillion years ago
Homo habilisHomo habilis – 2.5 million years ago – 2.5 million years ago
Homo erectusHomo erectus – 1.8 million years ago – 1.8 million years ago
Neanderthals – 230,000 to 35,000 Neanderthals – 230,000 to 35,000 years ago – mysteriously died out?years ago – mysteriously died out?
Homo habilisHomo habilis
Homo erectusHomo erectus
Human versus Non-Human Apes Human versus Non-Human Apes
HumanHuman Parabolic jawParabolic jaw ChinChin Small caninesSmall canines No diastemaNo diastema Fully upright Fully upright
postureposture Little sexual Little sexual
dimorphismdimorphism
Non-Human ApesNon-Human Apes Parallel sided jawParallel sided jaw No chinNo chin Enlarged caninesEnlarged canines Diastema (space to Diastema (space to
lock canines)lock canines) No permanent upright No permanent upright
postureposture Strong sexual Strong sexual
dimorphismdimorphism
Paleolithic EraPaleolithic Era Homo sapiensHomo sapiens emerged in Africa emerged in Africa
100,000 to 400,000 years ago100,000 to 400,000 years ago
Homo sapiensHomo sapiens migrated from Africa migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the to Eurasia, Australia, and the AmericasAmericas
Early humans were hunters and Early humans were hunters and gatherers whose survival depended gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of wild plants and on the availability of wild plants and animalsanimals
Homo sapienHomo sapien
Human ExpansionHuman Expansion
Paleolithic HighlightsPaleolithic HighlightsOvercame the environment to survive!Overcame the environment to survive!
Hunter and Gatherer SocietyHunter and Gatherer Society Nomadic Nomadic Invented first tools and simple Invented first tools and simple
weaponsweapons Learned how to make fireLearned how to make fire Lived in social groupings Lived in social groupings Created “cave art”Created “cave art”
Cave ArtCave Art
Look at the following slides Look at the following slides depicting cave paintings from depicting cave paintings from the Cro Magnon culture. the Cro Magnon culture.
Why do you think prehistoric Why do you think prehistoric groups painted cave walls? groups painted cave walls? What do you think that these What do you think that these paintings mean?paintings mean?
Cave Art - Lascaux, FranceCave Art - Lascaux, France
Cave Art - Lascaux, FranceCave Art - Lascaux, France
Cave Art - Lascaux, FranceCave Art - Lascaux, France
Paleolithic ToolsPaleolithic Tools
Neolithic EraNeolithic Era
Neolithic EraNeolithic EraHomo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens – 40,000 – 40,000
years ago until todayyears ago until today
11,000 years ago with the 11,000 years ago with the establishment of agriculture and establishment of agriculture and development of citiesdevelopment of cities
Period between the Hunter/ Gatherer Period between the Hunter/ Gatherer and Early Civilizationand Early Civilization
Neolithic Town LifeNeolithic Town Life
Jericho – first cityJericho – first city Catal Huyuk – Catal Huyuk –
largest citylargest city
Neolithic HighlightsNeolithic HighlightsBeginning of settled social groups!Beginning of settled social groups! Domesticated animalsDomesticated animals Developed agricultureDeveloped agriculture Used advanced toolsUsed advanced tools Made potteryMade pottery Developed weaving skillsDeveloped weaving skills Beginning of town lifeBeginning of town life
Neolithic Funeral PotteryNeolithic Funeral Pottery
Neolithic Archaeological SitesNeolithic Archaeological Sites
Stonehenge is an example Stonehenge is an example of an archeological site in of an archeological site in England that began during England that began during the Neolithic Age – and the Neolithic Age – and was finished during the was finished during the Bronze AgeBronze Age