PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE€¦ · PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE Prepared by Ar. Purva Kulkarni 1....

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PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE Prepared by Ar. Purva Kulkarni 1

Transcript of PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE€¦ · PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE Prepared by Ar. Purva Kulkarni 1....

Page 1: PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE€¦ · PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE Prepared by Ar. Purva Kulkarni 1. Prehistoric Period • Occurred before invention of written records • Also called Stone

PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE

Prepared by Ar. Purva Kulkarni1

Page 2: PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE€¦ · PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE Prepared by Ar. Purva Kulkarni 1. Prehistoric Period • Occurred before invention of written records • Also called Stone

Prehistoric Period• Occurred before invention of written

records

• Also called Stone Age periodbecause of the absence of metalimplements

• Occurred from Human Habitation ofearth to 9000 BC

• Sub-Division of Period:

– Period can be further subdividedinto Early (or Paleolithic) StoneAge and New (or Neolithic)Stone Age

– Early Stone Age- Paleolithic -Upto 9000 BC

– Middle Stone Age- Mesolithic

– New Stone Age – Neolithic 9000BC to 3000 BC

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• Not restricted to any particular

geographical region

• Occurred in different localities,

Usually close to sources of

food, near rivers

Location

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Early Stone Age (Before 9000BC)

• Nomadic, always on the move.

• Move about in search of food,

water, and good climate.

• Got their food through food

gathering, hunting and fishing

• Usually move about in small bands

of less than 15 persons.

• Their lifestyle made them barely

able to survive.

• Not much is known about their

beliefs.

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New Stone Age (9000- 3000BC)

• People stopped wandering

and settled down in

permanent settlements

• Discovered art of farming

and animal husbandry

• Discovery result of population

pressure

• Neolithic people acquired

confidence in ability to

tame and control nature

• Period saw interest in

natural cycles such as of

weather and heavenly bodies

e.g. that of the sun and

moon

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• Learnt to domesticate animals, farm andgrow crops, make pottery and weavecloth

• Skills were developed, marking start ofcivilization

• Villages were established and grew,protected by walls

• Introduction of basic socialorganization of society

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New Stone Age (9000- 3000BC)

• People learnt to

differentiate between

spaces and places-

Sacred versus everyday

places

• Architecture was born

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• Sought to understand theheavenly bodies andweather cycles

• Sought to control naturethrough rituals and magic

• Gradually introduced theidea of religion

• Confusion about death andlife after death led tointroduction of tombs

• Tombs are evidence ofsocial differences in thesociety

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Architecture of the Civilization

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Rock Shelter

Cave Dwelling

Temporary structures of

plant and animal

materials

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Cave Dwelling • Caves were, however,

more popular as

dwelling

• A good example is the

cave at Lascaux in

France-Discovered in

1940

• Interior has elaborate

paintings of animals

and hunting scenes

• The artwork celebrates the

hunting life of the early stone

age people 7For private circulation & academic purpose only

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Cave at Lascaux France

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Dolmen

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Dolmen Tomb, Carnac France

• Non-Funeral Structure

• The remains of a deadperson is place in thechamber formed bythe stone blocks

• The entire structure iscovered with a moundof earth

• Stone age people builttombs because of thebelief that deadpeople needed shelter

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Neolithic Legacy- AgricultureFixed place under the sky setting of stable communitiesTime-factored human life: Need to predict seasons basedon observation of the sky- sun, moon,stars

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• It had an extensive economy based

on specialized craft and commerce.

• Supported a population of up to 6000

people.

• The city was a trading center.

• Physically Catal Huyuk was highly

organized with elaborate architectural

features

• Houses were packed in one

continuous block punctuated by

courtyards

• Houses were of one story mudconstruction

• No streets in settlement and access tohouses and movement from house tohouse was through the roof

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Neolithic Dwelling & Settlement-

Catal Huyuk

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Sources-

Sir Barnister Fletcher(1996)

Trachtenberg& Hyman(1986)

www.culture.gouv.fr

Spiro Kostof(1995).

D.K.Ching