Prehistoric Cultures

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Prehistoric Cultures Tim Roufs’ section Prosimians

description

Prehistoric Cultures. Tim Roufs’ section. Prosimians. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html#Prosimii. Classification chart (after Linnaeus). Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed ., p. 96. Prosimians (pre-monkeys). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Prehistoric Cultures

Prehistoric Cultures

Tim Roufs’ section

Prosimians

http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html#Prosimii

Classification chart (after Linnaeus)

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 96

Primate taxonomic classification

Prosimians(pre-monkeys)

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

TaxonomyTaxonomy

Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)

lemurloristarsier

Common NameSuborder

Anthropoidea

TaxonomyTaxonomy

Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)

Common NameSuborder

(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo

• REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate

• S.E. Asia and Indonesia

Indonesia and Borneo

Java

Borneo

Indonesia

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo

• REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate

• S.E. Asia and Indonesia• sharp-clawed digits• old fossil forms show flattened nails• some are nocturnal• about the size of a squirrel • approximation of earliest phase in the

evolution of primates

Pen – Tailed Tree Shrew, BorneoPen – Tailed Tree Shrew, Borneo

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 20

p. 126

TaxonomyTaxonomy

Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)

lemur

Common NameSuborder

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classification

Lemur

Geographical distribution of modern lemurs

Madagascar

Modern LemursModern Lemurs

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar

• size and appearance of a raccoon• independently moveable ears• mostly nocturnal• approximate midpoint between insectivores

and monkeys• widespread during Eocene, and is of interest

because of little change since Eocene– (36-58 million yrs. B.P.)

• most digits have flat nails rather than claws• has uneven body temperature

(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 12

p. 125

Ring-tailed lemurp. 125

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

Sifakas in their native habitat in Madagascarp. 125

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

p. 125

Lemur, MadagascarLemur, Madagascar

p. 125

p. 125

TaxonomyTaxonomy

Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)

lemurloris

Common NameSuborder

Primate taxonomic classification

Loris

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Loris Loris

• Malaysia, S.E. Asia

Java

Malaysia

MalaysiaMalaysia

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

Loris Loris

• Malaysia, S.E. Asia• nocturnal• large eyes• feeds largely on insects, birds, and bird’s

eggs• strong hands• backbone has more vertebrae than any other

primate

Loris, Loris, Malaysia

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 29

p. 126

Slow lorisp. 126

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

TaxonomyTaxonomy

Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)

lemurloris

– bush baby

Common NameSuborder

Galago, or “bush baby” (Lorisiforme)p. 126

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

TaxonomyTaxonomy

Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)

lemurloris

– bush baby

tarsier

Common NameSuborder

Primate taxonomic classification

Tarsier

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

TarsierTarsier

• North central Indonesia

Geographical distribution of modern tarsiers

Java

Borneo

Indonesia

Modern TarsiersModern Tarsiers

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

TarsierTarsier

• North central Indonesia• extreme development of tarsal bones• smaller than lemur, about the size of a rat• small nose, large goggly eyes• at least 25 genera in Eocene times

(36-58 million yrs. B.P.)

– today there is only one

• arboreal• nocturnal• 180 degree head swivel

Tarsier, Tarsier, Indonesia

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 23

p. 126

Tarsierp. 126

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

PrimatesPrimates

Earliest primates =Prosimians(pre-monkeys)

Primate taxonomic classification

Prosimians

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

A Primate Family Tree

The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64

New WorldMonkeys

Old WorldMonkeys

ca. 50 mya

Monkeys

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123