Pregnancy and Oral Health
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Transcript of Pregnancy and Oral Health
PregnancyPregnancy and and
Oral HealthOral Health
[f.zare.MD][f.zare.MD]
Changes During Pregnancy Changes During Pregnancy that Affect Oral Healththat Affect Oral Health
Hormonal AffectsHormonal Affects Increased tooth mobilityIncreased tooth mobility
Saliva changesSaliva changes
Increased bacteriaIncreased bacteria
Gum problemsGum problems
Saliva changesSaliva changes Decreased buffersDecreased buffers
Decreased mineralsDecreased minerals
Decreasing flow first and last trimesterDecreasing flow first and last trimester
Increased flow second trimesterIncreased flow second trimester
More acidicMore acidic
Increased BacteriaIncreased Bacteria Increased acidityIncreased acidity
Increase in decay-causing bacteriaIncrease in decay-causing bacteria Increased SnackingIncreased Snacking
Morning sickness/low blood sugarMorning sickness/low blood sugar Between-meal snacksBetween-meal snacks
Increase in amount and frequency of Increase in amount and frequency of starches/carbohydrates starches/carbohydrates Crackers are commonly recommendedCrackers are commonly recommended Promotes decay-causing bacteriaPromotes decay-causing bacteria
Increased BacteriaIncreased Bacteria Increased food supplyIncreased food supply Increased hormonesIncreased hormones
Gingival fluid and saliva contain hormonesGingival fluid and saliva contain hormones Cause gums to swell, bleed easily, and Cause gums to swell, bleed easily, and
secrete more fluidsecrete more fluid Bacteria use hormones for energy to grow Bacteria use hormones for energy to grow
and multiplyand multiply Decreased immune response limits Decreased immune response limits
ability to fight bacteria ability to fight bacteria
Gum ProblemsGum Problems
Pregnancy GingivitisPregnancy Gingivitis Red edgesRed edges
Swollen or puffySwollen or puffy
TenderTender
Bleed easily Bleed easily during brushingduring brushing
Courtesy of Phoenix CollegeCourtesy of Phoenix College
Gum Problems - Pregnancy Gum Problems - Pregnancy GranulomaGranuloma
Courtesy of Univ. of Southern CaliforniaCourtesy of Univ. of Southern California
Gum Problems - Pregnancy Gum Problems - Pregnancy GranulomaGranuloma
Courtesy of Univ. of Southern CaliforniaCourtesy of Univ. of Southern California
Gum Changes - Pregnancy Gum Changes - Pregnancy GranulomaGranuloma
Courtesy of Univ. of Southern CaliforniaCourtesy of Univ. of Southern California
Safe Dental TreatmentSafe Dental Treatment
Most treatments considered safeMost treatments considered safe Acceptable drugsAcceptable drugs
Dental anesthetics Dental anesthetics Chlorhexidine rinseChlorhexidine rinse
Give dentist your obstetrician’s contact Give dentist your obstetrician’s contact informationinformation
AvoidAvoid Aspirin or ibuprofenAspirin or ibuprofen Tetracyclines, chloramphenicolTetracyclines, chloramphenicol
Changes During Pregnancy Changes During Pregnancy that Affect Oral Healththat Affect Oral Health
Morning sicknessMorning sickness Difficulty with hygieneDifficulty with hygiene
Gum diseaseGum disease Tooth decayTooth decay
VomitingVomiting Esophogeal Reflux (heartburn)Esophogeal Reflux (heartburn) Acid exposureAcid exposure
Irritation of the gumsIrritation of the gums Weakening of tooth enamelWeakening of tooth enamel Dental erosionDental erosion
Treatment for Acid ExposureTreatment for Acid Exposure Do NOT brush immediately after Do NOT brush immediately after
vomitingvomiting Rinse Rinse
Water with baking sodaWater with baking soda AntacidAntacid Plain waterPlain water
Eat some cheeseEat some cheese Ask about fluorideAsk about fluoride
Oral Diseases Can Effect Oral Diseases Can Effect PregnancyPregnancy
Preterm, low birth weight (LBW) linked Preterm, low birth weight (LBW) linked to periodontal diseaseto periodontal disease
Thorough calculus (tartar) removal in Thorough calculus (tartar) removal in pregnant women with periodontitis pregnant women with periodontitis may reduce pre-term birthsmay reduce pre-term births
Spontaneous preterm birth in Spontaneous preterm birth in pregnant women with gum diseasepregnant women with gum disease
0.0%1.0%2.0%3.0%4.0%5.0%6.0%7.0%8.0%9.0%
10.0%
No treatment Polish Cleaning
Jeffcoat et al. (2003) Periodontal disease and preterm birth: results of a Jeffcoat et al. (2003) Periodontal disease and preterm birth: results of a pilot intervention study. pilot intervention study.
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Prevention: Oral HygienePrevention: Oral Hygiene
Reduce the amount of bacteria in Reduce the amount of bacteria in your mouthyour mouth Brushing and flossingBrushing and flossing
Antibacterial mouth rinsesAntibacterial mouth rinses
Xylitol gum or mintsXylitol gum or mints
Keep routine dental visitsKeep routine dental visits
Prevention:Prevention:Nutrition for Oral HealthNutrition for Oral Health
Eat well-balanced mealsEat well-balanced meals B vitamins, especially folate (folic acid)B vitamins, especially folate (folic acid) Vitamin CVitamin C CalciumCalcium
Snack smartSnack smart Avoid starchy or high carbohydrate snacksAvoid starchy or high carbohydrate snacks Raw fruits and vegetablesRaw fruits and vegetables Dairy productsDairy products
Protein is needed for the buildup of your uterus, breasts, blood supply, and baby's tissues.
Low protein intake is related to smaller-than-average babies who may have health problems.
Folate is required for protein tissue construction. Low folate levels are linked to birth defects, such as spina bifida.
Foods high in folate are the dark green veggies.
Calcium is needed by your baby for strong bones. If calcium is not supplied by the mother's diet, calcium is taken from the mother's long bones, not the teeth, for the baby.
If nausea and vomiting is a problem, it is important to frequently brush or rinse with water. The acid could cause erosion of the teeth.
If you are craving sweets, this could cause an increase in cavities. So, just remember to snack on raw veggies and fruits.
Scheduling appointments in the second trimester. Best time for routine care.
Shorter appointments and changing positions on the chair for your comfort needs.
The taking of dental radiographs during pregnancy continues to be a controversial issue.
It should be noted, however, that a pregnant patient who is properly shielded can safely receive dental x-rays at any time.