Prefixes & Suffixes

Presented by:

Ayesha Aamir

Prefixes

Prefixes are at the beginning of words.

Semantic Categories of Prefixes

Time

Place & Distance

Size

Negative

Opposite

Number

Time Related Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Words/ Examples

Ante Before Antebellum, Anteroom, Antediluvian

Ex Former Ex-wife, Ex-president, Ex- chief

Mid Middle Midnight, Midterm, Midpoint

Neo New, recent Neonatal, Neoplasty, Neocracy

Post After Postmortem, Postgraduate, Postnatal

Pre Before Premature, Pretest, Predefined

Re Again Rearrange, Replay, Rewrite

Place Related Prefixes

Prefixes Meanings Words/Examples

Circum Around Circumference, Circumstances, Circumvent

Extra Outside, beyond Extraordinary, Extracurricular, Extramural

Fore In front, front part of Forebrain, Forefather, Forecast

Inter- Between Interaction, Interfere, Interject

Intra- inside Intraschool, Intragroup, Intravenous

Place Related Prefixes

Prefixes Meanings Words/Examples

Mid Middle Midnight, Midterm, Midpoint

Sub- Under,Below Subordinate, Submarine, Subsidiary

Super Above, Excessive, Extra Super-power, Superimpose, Superlative

Tele- At a distance Telegram, Tele-marks, Telecast

Trans- Across, to the other side Transact, Transcultural, Transformation

Size Related Prefixes

Prefixes Meanings Words/Examples

Macro- Large Macrometer , Macrograph, Macrocosmic

Mega Very large Megastructure, Megaphones, Megabytes

Micro- Small Microphone, Microsecond, Micro- chip

Mini- small Mini-buss, Minimum, Minibar

Negative Related Prefixes

Prefixes Meanings Words/Examples

A- Not Atrophy, Apolitical , Atypical

Dis- Not Disagree, Disallow, Disconnect

Im Not Impossible, Improper, Impure

Il- Not illegal, Illogical,Illittrate

Ir- Not Irregular, Irrelevant, Irritate

In- Not Inaction, Incapable, Invisible

Un- Not Unable, Undo, Unequal, Unusual,

Non Not Nonsense, Non serious, Non Muslim

Mal- Improper, badly Malady, Malfunctioning, Maladjustment

Mis- Wrong, wrongly Misbehave, Misguide, Misjudge

Negative Related Prefixes

Opposite & Deprived Related Prefixes

Prefixes Words/Examples

De Decode, Decrease, Depress

Dis Disloyal, Disgrace, Disagree

Un Unable, Unconscious, Undefined

Number Related Prefixes

Prefixes Meanings Words/examples

Mono Single, alone, one Monopoly, Monorail, Monotone

Poly Many, several Polygon, Polymer, Polyglots

Semi HalfSemicircle, Semiannual, Semiaquatic

Bi Two Bilateral, Bicycle, Bisect

Uni One Unilateral, Uniform, Universe

Multi Many, several Multicolor, Multilingual, Multinational,

Suffixes

Suffixes are at the end of words.

Functional Categories of Suffixes

Noun Suffixes

Adjective Suffixes

Adverb Suffixes

verb Suffixes

Noun Suffixes

Suffixes Words/examples

-ant Arrogant, Attendant, Important

-entStudent, Government, Coefficient

-ee Employee, Internee, Trainee

-er Teacher, Mother, Stronger

Or Governor, Major, Minor

-ery Hennery, Cookery, Grocery

-ry Battery, Century, Industry

-ing Singing, Painting, Drawing

Battery

Noun Suffixes

Suffixes Words/ Examples

-ist Journalist, Buddhist, Scientist

-an Pakistan, Iran, American

-ian Asian, Christian, Guardian

-age Postage, Village, Orphanage

-ation Exploration, Hesitation, Plantation

-ion Attention, Location. Cooperation

-ure Exposure, Procedure, Adventure

-dom Kingdom, Seldom, Wisdom

- Ism Criticism, Journalism, Activism

-ity University, Diversity, Ability

-ment Achievement, Entertainment, Excitement

Adjective Suffixes

Suffixes Words/Examples

-able Capable, Comfortable, Presentable

-ible Reversible, Terrible, Horrible

-al Universal. Annual, Historical

-ial Social, Bilabial, Industrial

-ed Surprised, Amused, Pleased

-ful Graceful, Peaceful, Powerful

-ic Fantastic, Islamic, Picnic

-ish Swedish, British, Selfish

-less Hopeless, Mannerless, Fearless

-like Unlike, Lifelike, Dislike

-y Glory, Hungry, Sleepy

Adverb Suffixes

Suffixes Words/Examples

-ly Clearly, Closely, Hourly

-ward, wards Forward, Towards, Inwards, Backward

-wise Lengthwise, Clockwise, Otherwise

Two Types of Suffixes

Derivational Suffixes

Inflectional Suffixes

Derivational Suffixes

Endings that change the meaning of the word are called "derivational suffixes, they change part of speech of the base morpheme, For example:

-able adjective Readable (Read+able)

-ing noun sleeping (sleep+ing)

Derivational suffixes

Suffixes Part of Speech

Words/examples

-able V > adj Readable, Enjoyable, Loveable

-ible V > adj Audible, Bible, Reversible

-ness Adj > n Kindness, Sadness, Wilderness

-ize Adj, n, > v Vocalize, Materialize, Privatize

-en Adj, n,> v Forgotten, listen, Strengthen

-ation V >n Exploration, Hesitation, Organization

-ing V > n Writing, Eating, Sleeping

Inflectional Suffixes

endings that are create different forms of the same word are called "inflectional suffixes.

Types of Inflectional Suffixes Noun Suffixes

Verb Suffixes

Adjective Suffixes

Noun Suffixes

Plural makers by adding –s or-en

Examples:

-S.

Girls, Boys, Chairs

-en.

Men, women, children

Noun Suffixes

Possessive Makers ( show the possetion of someone for something) by adding ‘s

Examples:

Ali’s book, Huzaifah’s toy, Sara's car

Verb Inflectional suffixes

Present singular 3rd person -s , -es

Examples:

He plays well.

She does her work well.

Mr. Ahmad reads newspaper daily.

Verb Inflectional Suffixes

Past Tense marked -ed

Examples:

Car moved.

Baby cried

Boys played.

Verb Inflectional Suffixes

Present Participle marker -ing

Examples:

She is waiting.

Singer is singing a song.

Writer is writing a book.

Verb Inflectional suffixes

Past Participle marker -ed , -en

Examples:

She has written a letter.

Examiner marked the sheet.

Old lady has finished her food.

Adjective Inflectional suffixes

Comparative marker ( by adding –er)

Examples:

Stronger, Taller, bigger, smaller

Superlative marker (by adding –est)

Examples:

Strongest, widest, Cheapest

Thank you