PREFACE - repository.uph.edurepository.uph.edu/890/3/ToC.pdf4) Mr. Roy Vincentius Pratikno, B.Sc.,...
Transcript of PREFACE - repository.uph.edurepository.uph.edu/890/3/ToC.pdf4) Mr. Roy Vincentius Pratikno, B.Sc.,...
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PREFACE
The writer would like to give thanks to the Lord Jesus Christ for all His
blessings in every step during the completion of this thesis. This thesis titled
“INDONESIA’S STRATEGY IN COMBATING ILLEGAL,
UNREPORTED, AND UNREGULATED (IUU) FISHING WITHIN
INDONESIAN WATERS” is composed as the academic requirement to obtain a
Bachelor Degree in International Relations Department, Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
The writer believes this thesis would not be able to be completed in time
without moral supports and direct guidance from various parties. Thus, the writer
would use this opportunity to express the greatest gratitude to:
1) Mr. Prof. Aleksius Jemadu, Ph.D, as the Dean of Faculty of Social and
Political Science.
2) Ms. Susy Tekunan, B.A., MBA., M.A., as the Head of International
Relations Department.
3) Mr. Drs. Ignatius Ismanto, M.Si., M.A., as the thesis advisor who
contributed his endless guidance and motivation towards the
completion of this thesis.
4) Mr. Roy Vincentius Pratikno, B.Sc., M.M., as the Coordinator of
Final Project who contributed his time and support towards the
completion of this thesis.
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5) Mr. Dr. Victor Silaen, M.A. (deceased), as the academic advisor who
contributed his guidance towards the completion of the writer’s
learning process.
6) All the lecturers who have taught the writer during the learning
process in Pelita Harapan University.
7) Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Staff who have helped the
writer in all administration matters.
8) Mrs. Ir. Sere Alina Tampubolon, M.Pst, as the Director of Fisheries
Resource Surveillance, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Republic of Indonesia, who has been interviewed by the writer.
9) Ms. Risha Jilian, as the representative from Directorate ASEAN
Political Security Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic
of Indonesia, who has been interviewed by the writer.
10) My beloved parents (Sudarto Wasdi and Christina Tini S), for the
endless love, moral and material supports in every life step that I take.
11) My beloved sister (Miske Apriyanti), brother-in-law (Romeo
Chandra), and two adorable nieces (Bianca and Abigail), for the
motivation and smiles to brighten up my daily life.
12) My Divergent, Stella, Rachel, Victor, Timothy, Yohan, Fadi, for the
unending support and cheering during my university life and of course
the completion of this thesis.
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13) All of my beloved friends, Wilbert, Sara, Vinna, Kelvin, Calvin,
Airien, Hideo, Cyntia, Jovita, Jane, Nadya, Randy, Louis, Ono,
Wulan, Publica, Ara, for the endless support who always ready to hear
all my thoughts.
14) Many parties who involved directly or indirectly in the completion if
this thesis.
The writer realizes that this thesis is far from perfection, thus any critics
and recommendations would be truly appreciated. The writer hopes that this thesis
would be useful to the readers and enhance the readers’ knowledge about IUU
fishing issue, specifically the International Relations students.
Karawaci, 8 January 2016
Agnes Florencia Tania
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
THESIS ADVISOR APPROVAL
EXAMINATION BOARD APPROVAL
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... v
PREFACE ........................................................................................................ vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ ix
TABLE OF APPENDICES ............................................................................. xi
TABLE OF FIGURES .................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Problem ................................................................................ 5
1.3 Objectives............................................................................................. 6
1.4 Research Contributions ........................................................................ 6
1.5 Systematic of Writing ......................................................................... 7
CHAPTER II ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Literature Review ............................................................................... 9
2.2 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework............................................. 17
2.2.1 Neo-Liberalism ........................................................................... 17
2.2.2 Foreign Policy ............................................................................. 20
2.2.3 International Regime ................................................................... 22
2.2.4 Non-Traditional Security ............................................................ 24
2.2.5 Regional Cooperation ................................................................. 28
2.2.6 Transnational Crime .................................................................... 29
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Scope of Research ..............................................................................32
3.2 Type of Research Method .................................................................. 33
3.3 Type and Source of Data ................................................................... 35
3.4 Data Collecting Technique ................................................................ 35
3.5 Data Analysis Technique ................................................................... 37
CHAPTER IV DATA AND ANALYSIS
4.1 IUU Fishing as Global Problem.......................................................... 40
4.1.1 Definition of IUU Fishing ......................................................... 40
4.1.2 IUU Fishing as Transnational Crime ......................................... 42
4.1.3 IUU Fishing as Non-Traditional Security Issue ........................ 47
4.2 Indonesia’s Stance in Combating IUU Fishing .................................. 50
4.2.1 The Ratification of UNCLOS 1982 .......................................... 50
4.2.2 Law Enforcement about IUU Fishing Regulations.................... 57
4.2.3 Indonesian Foreign Policy under Joko Widodo ........................ 68
4.3 Regional Cooperation and Indonesia’s Strategy .................................75
4.3.1 Indonesia’s Involvement in Regional Cooperation ................... 75
4.3.1.1 ASEAN Norms ............................................................ 77
4.3.1.2 ASEAN Political Security Community ........................ 79
4.3.1.3 Upcoming Challenges in ASEAN................................. 82
4.3.2 Indonesia’s Response ................................................................ 88
4.3.2.1 Indonesia – Thailand Bilateral Relations ..................... 89
4.3.2.2 Indonesia – Philippines Bilateral Relations ................. 91
4.3.2.3 Indonesia – Vietnam Bilateral Relations ..................... 92
4.3.2.4 Is Bilateral Approach Solve the Issue? ........................ 94
CHAPTER V CLOSURE
5.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 98
5.2 Recommendations ..............................................................................105
BIBLIOGPRAPHY ......................................................................................... 108
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TABLE OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Monitoring Sheet for Final Project Consultation......... ..................................A-1
Proof Read Approval ..................................................................................... A-2
Proof Reader’s Curriculum Vitae................................................................... A-3
APPENDIX B
Interview Transcript I with the Representative from ASEAN Political Security
Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia ..................B-1
Interview Transcript II with the Director of Fisheries Resources Surveillance,
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia ................. B-2
APPENDIX C
Nature and Scope of IUU Fishing in International Plan of Action to Prevent,
Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IPOA-
IUU)............................................................................................................... .C-1
Legal Basis for Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Decree No.
KEP.50/MEN/2012 about National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and
Eliminate Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing during the period of
2012-2016...................................................................................................... .C-2
Article 69 of Law No. 45 Year 2009 about Fisheries.................................... C-3
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of
Indonesia and the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand in Fisheries
Cooperation.................................. ............................................................... .. C-4
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of
Indonesia and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on Marine
and Fisheries Cooperation...... ........................................................................C-5
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Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of
Indonesia and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on Marine
and Fisheries Cooperation. .......................................................................... .. C-6
APPENDIX D
Curriculum Vitae ........................................................................................... D-1
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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1 Indonesia’s Border based on TZMKO 1939 (before Djuanda
Declaration).............................................................................. 51
Figure 4.2 Indonesia’s Border after Djuanda Declaration (based on
UNCLOS)................................................................................. 53
Figure 4.3 Table of Fisheries Management Area Republic of Indonesia
(Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Republik Indonesia).............59
Figure 4.4 Map of Fisheries Management Area Republic of Indonesia..... 59
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
APSC ASEAN Political-Security Community
ARF ASEAN Regional Forum
ASEAN Association of South East Asia Nations
AFCF ASEAN Fisheries Consultative Forum
Bakamla Badan Keamanan Laut
CCRF Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
CCSBT Commission for Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna
EEZ Economic Exclusive Zone
EEZI Exclusive Economic Zone Indonesia
FAO The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
IGOs Inter-Governmental Organizations
IOTC Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
IPE International Political Economy
IPOA-IUU International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and
Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing
IR International Relations
ITLOS International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
IUU Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated
JTC Joint Technical Committee
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KKP Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan
Kemenhub Kementerian Perhubungan
MCS Monitoring, Controlling, and Surveillance
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
POLAIR Polisi Air
RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organization
RPOA-IUU Regional Plan of Action to Promote Responsible Fishing
Practices Including Combating IUU Fishing in the
Southeast Asia Region
SIKPI Surat Izin Kapal Pengangkut Ikan
SIPI Surat Izin Penangkapan Ikan
TZMKO Territoriale Zee en Maritieme Kringen Ordonnantie
TNI-AL Tentara Nasional Indonesia – Angkatan Laut
UNCLOS United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea
UNCLOS III 3rd
United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNTOC United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime
UPI Unit Pengolahan Ikan
VMS Vessel Monitoring System
WCPFC Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
WPP-RI Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Republik Indonesia