Preface, Introduction and History section of San Francisco Chinatown
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Transcript of Preface, Introduction and History section of San Francisco Chinatown
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7/31/2019 Preface, Introduction and History section of San Francisco Chinatown
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7/31/2019 Preface, Introduction and History section of San Francisco Chinatown
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\BE G^BELH\LC
LdhebtcweB Kuhma tc Hts Dhstcry
bem Brldhtaltura
Pdhjhp P. LdcyBrldhtalturbj Pdctckrbpds
ny Nrhbe [. Ldcy
Lhty Jhkdts \be Grbelhslc
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Lcpyrhkdt >02> Pdhjhp P. LdcyBjj ^hkdts ^asarvam
Jhnrbry cg Lcekrass Lbtbjckhek-he-Punjhlbthce Mbtb
Ldcy, Pdhjhp P.\be Grbelhslc Ldhebtcwe 9 b kuhma tc hts dhstcry bembrldhtaltura / Pdhjhp P. Ldcy. p. lf.H\NE 8;4-0-4;>47-1=0->2. Ldhebtcwe (\be Grbelhslc, Lbjhg.)]curs. >. Ldheb-tcwe (\be Grbelhslc, Lbjhg.)Dhstcry. 8;8.='72ml>02>02>18>
Lhty Jhkdts Nccos bra punjhsdam bt tda Lhty Jhkdts Nccostcra>72 Lcjufnus Bvaeua, \be Grbelhslc, LB 8=2
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LCE]AE]\
Pragbla 8
Bloecwjamkfaets 2>
Hetrcmulthce 22
\pbehsd Parhcm >=
Bfarhlbe Parhcm >1
Ldhebtcwe Nakheeheks >8
Beth-Ldheasa Pcjhthls
[hek \bek Fcrtubry ;Ldheasa Nbpthst Ldurld 20=
K^BE] BWAEQA 20;
\CQ]DA^E K^BE] BWAEQA 222
\hek Ldcek bem \hek Gbt 220
\hmawbjo \tbjjs 2>=
Ldhebtcwe \qubm 2>1Lbtdby Nbem 2>;
Icp Gbw Pcd(Kaearbj Farldbemhsa) 2>4
Gccm Gblts bem Gbnjas 2
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Kcrmce I. Jbu Ajafaetbry \ldccj 277
Kuf Fcce ^ashmaela 2;2
Ldheasa Prasnytarhbe Ldurld 2;02
Ldaa Ouek ]cek >0=
]hae Dcu ]afpja bem \ua Dhek Naeavcjaet
Bssclhbthce >0;
Ehek Xuek Naeavcjaet Bssclhbthce >20
[BJOHEK ]CQ^\>224
\ajaltam Nhnjhckrbpdy >28
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8
P^AGBLA
Grcf tda thfa cg tda Kcjm ^usd cg 24=8 tc tda
prasaet, Ldhebtcwe dbs naae b fust-saa he av-
ary kuhmancco ce \be Grbelhslc. Ldhebtcwe he tda
28td laetury wbs shekjam cut bs b njhkdt ce tda ur-
nbe jbemslbpa cg tda lhty, hts hegbfcus raputbthce
sprabmhek tc tda gbr lcrears cg tda ebthce. Whshtcrswara wbream ect tc wbemar bjcea nut wara bmvhsam
hestabm tc dhra jhlaesam kuhmas gcr sbgaty. Cejy tda
kuhmas lcujm tboa ycu tdrcukd tda fbza cg salrat
uemarkrcuem tueeajs hetc tda ncwajs cg tda abrtd,
wdara ycu lcujm whteass b palujhbr rbla mwajjhek
he mbroeass.
Maslrhpthces cg b fystarhcus Ldheasa qubrtar
wara sc lcfpajjhek tdbt Icde [. [hjsce, b ycuek
fbe grcf b sfbjj vhjjbka abst cg Hemhbebpcjhs wdc
icheam tda brfy murhek tda Ncxar ^anajjhce, ra-
tuream dcfa vhb \be Grbelhslc, matarfheam tc saaLdhebtcwe. He be crbj dhstcry tboae he 2878 ny
cfbs Orbsabe cg tda Hemhbeb Dhstcrhlbj \clhaty,
[hjsce ralbjjam dhs axparhaela.
I[9 Bem H lcfa cvar tc Grhslc bem wa bjj wbetam
tc saa Ldhebtcwe, tdara wbs tae cg us. \cLdhebtcwe wbs uemarkrcuem bt tdbt thfa, ycu
oecw . . . Lhty uemareabtd. Mhm ycu eavar rabm
bncut tdbt3 Ncy, nabt beytdhek ycu avar sbw he
ycur jhga.
]O9 Bltubjjy uemarkrcuem, ycu fabe3
I[9 Bltubjjy uemarkrcuem, nusheass dcusas . . .cphuf maes bem avarytdhek ajsa mcwe he
uemar tdara. [ajj, wa wara stbemhek he grcet
cg tdhs bkaely wbhthek gcr b kuhma . . . tdara
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20
wbs b Ldhebfbe wbjoam up . . . bem sbhm, H
bf b kuhma. . . . [ajj wa dhram dhf. [a kct
uemarkrcuem bem wa waet he b sbjcce . . .mcwe b stbhrwby bem tdae . . . da sbys, Ecw,
ycu bra uemarkrcuem. . . .
a rafbhemar cg tda hetarvhaw tajjs dcw tda
kuhma, wdc dajm tda cejy tcrldjhkdt, vbehsdam
bem jagt tdaf wbemarhek he tda mbro. [dhja mas-parbtajy sabrldhek gcr b wby cut, [hjsces grhaem
eabrjy stappam tdrcukd b trbp mccr bem hg da dbm
gbjjae tdrcukd, da fhkdt eavar dbva naae dabrm
grcf bkbhe. Bllcrmhek tc [hjsce, tdhs wbs tda wby
pacpja wara rcnnam. Bgtar tdahr dcrrhgyhek axparh-
aela, da bem dhs grhaem ebjjy gcuem tdahr wby cut
he tda fcrehek. ]a rast mhmet kat cut uethj jbtar
tdbt avaehek.
Icde [hjsce lcetheuam9
Nut avaryncmy dbm b mhffaraet axparhaela grcf
tda ctdar gajjcw . . . wbemarhek brcuem, tcjmtday kat hetc . . . cphuf maes bem avarytdhek
ajsa, ycu oecw. Qemarkrcuem . . . tdbt wbs
uemarkrcuem nagcra tda abrtdquboa. [dae tda
abrtdquboa . . . tdcusbems cg pacpja mham uemar
tdara tdbt ecncmy avar oecwe bncut.asa hfbkas cg be hegbfcus Ldhebtcwe na-
kbe tc ldbeka bgtar tda 2807 Abrtdquboa. Kuhmas
bppjyhek gcr jhlaesas hssuam ny tda pcjhla lcffhs-
shce wara wbream ect tc ragbnrhlbta bem prcfcta
tda avhj spaltblja cg be uemarkrcuem Ldhebtcwe,jast tdahr jhlaesas na ravcoam. Punjhl cphehce nakbe
tc hfprcva, bhmam ny b sarhas cg pcshthva brthljas rue
ny tda \be Grbelhslc Ldrcehlja. ]a Ldheasa bjsc
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22
prcfctam tdhs hfprcvafaet ny pjbeehek b eaw
Crhaetbj Lhty.
]cmby, hesphram ny tda Lhvhj ^hkdts Fcvafaet
cg tda 70s bem ;0s, tda sclhbj paemujuf dbs swuek
tcwbrm tda bppralhbthce cg atdehl bem lujturbj mh-
varshty. Ldhebtcwe hs ecw shekjam cut bs be bssat
tc tda urnbe jbemslbpa cg tda lhty. ]cusbems lcfa
tc vhsht tda sbfa 28td laetury axcthl dabtdae taf-pjas whtd eahtdar mhsmbhe ecr lcetafpt nut whtd
hetajjaltubj lurhcshty, tc mhea whtd tda jclbjs wdara
cela ec wdhta fbe mbram tc abt tda strbeka cmcr-
hgarcus gccm. Lbsa he pchet9 wdae tda \be Grbelhslc
Ldrcehljace Bprhj >0td rapcrtam tda ljcshek cg \bf
[cs astburbet, b mhrty, rhloaty, ebrrcw, tdraa-stcry,
cea-duemram-yabr-cjm dcja he tda wbjj lcemafeam
ny Punjhl Dabjtd gcr lcemhthces uesuhtbnja gcr tda
prapbrbthce bem stcrbka cg gccm, b njclo-jcek jhea
cg cjm-thfa Ldheasa bem ece-Ldheasa lustcf-
ars wbhtam tc aeicy b ebj fabj tdara. Abld sprhekwdae tda pbrbma mrbkce rabrs hts fbkehlaet kcjm-
ae dabm, tdcusbems cg vhshtcrs pblo hetc Ldhebtcwe,
gbslhebtam whtd tda bppabrbela cg b ecebsshfhjbtam
gcrahke lcffuehty lcfpjata whtd axcthl lujturbj
trbmhthces.
a trabtfaet cg Ldhebtcwe nctd he tda pbstbem he tda prasaet cnsluras tda rabjhty cg dhstcry.
Gaw rabjhza tdbt tda axhstaela cg tda lcffuehty hs
hethfbtajy hetarwcvae whtd tda dhstcry cg tda lhty.
]a hetaet cg tdhs kuhmancco hs tc pjbla tda avcju-
thce cg tda Ldheasa lcffuehty he tda lcetaxt cgtda Q.\./Ldheb rajbthcesdhp bem raljbhf cur rhkdt-
guj pjbla he tda beebjs cg Bfarhlb.
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20td laetury whtd tda lry
]a Ldheasa fust kc! ]a quasthce cg Ldheasa
jbncr lcfpaththce cllupham b laetrbj pjbla he tda
Ebthces pcjhthls gcr cvar , wdhld he aaltljcsam tda mccr tc Ldheasa hffhkrbthce.
Grcf thfa tc thfa, \be Grbelhslc bttafptam
tc mastrcy Ldhebtcwe bem rafcva tda Ldheasa
tdrcukd nctd jakbj bem axtrbjakbj fabes. ]a Ldh-
easa raspcemam strbtakhlbjjy. [dae tda Ncbrm cg
\uparvhscrs
bttafptam tc rafcva Ldhebtcwe bgtar
tda Abrtdquboa cg 2807, gcr axbfpja, tda Ldheasa
strcva tc abre tda kccmwhjj cg tda Lhty ny lrabt-
hek b eaw pcshthva hfbka, ratbhehek brldhtalts tc
trbesgcrf tda eahkdncrdccm sjufs hetc be Crh-
aetbj Lhty. hs eaw traem cg b \hec-brldhtalturbjvareblujbr, lrabtam spalhfllbjjy bs b raspcesa tc tda
tdrabt cg rajclbthce bgtar tda quboa, sdbpam tda
prasaet soyjhea cg Ldhebtcwe.
Nut Ldhebtcwe dbs bjwbys naae b tcurhst bttrbl-
thce. [dbt wbs saesbthcebjhzam he tda 28td laetury
bs b dbvae gcr rblhbj palujhbrhthas bem lujturbj cmmh-thas hs parlahvam tcmby bs be atdehl aeljbva wdara
lujturbj dbnhts bem trbmhthces bra prasarvam. He ah-
tdar lbsa, tda staractyphlbj hfbka cg Ldhebtcwe bs
be uebsshfhjbtam gcrahke lcffuehty rafbhes ue-
ldbekam. Nut tda shkehlbela cg Ldhebtcwe jhas ecthe lujturbj axcthls. Naeabtd tda Crhaetbj gbbma hs b
dhstcry rcctam he tda pcjhthlbj pbst cg tda Lhty, tda
\tbta, bem tda Ebthce.
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bt dhstcry nakbe gcjjcwhek cur [br gcr Hema-
paemaela he 2;;7. a avhmaela hs nagcra cur ayas
bem uemar cur ecsas hg wa oecw wdbt tc jcco gcr bs
wa tcur Ldhebtcwe. ]ab, khesaek, bem tda ldurldas
tboa us nblo tc wdae twc pacpjas cg mhvarsa luj-
turas rst fat, trbmam, bem hetarbltam. He 2;4=,
wdae \bfuaj \dbw sbhjam tda rst Bfarhlbe sdhp,
tda Afprass cg Ldheb, hetc Ncllb ]hkrus, da trbmamtwaety-ahkdt tces cg khesaek bem >0,000 \pbehsd
mcjjbrs gcr tab, shjo, pcrlajbhe, bem ctdar trabsuras. He
dhs icurebj, \dbw wrcta9 a hedbnhtbets cg Bfar-
hlb fust dbva tab . . . tdbt usajass prcmula _khesaekV
cg dar fcuetbhes bem gcrast whjj suppjy dar whtd
tdhs ajakbet juxury . . . suld bra tda bmvbetbkas
wdhld Bfarhlb marhvas grcf dar khesaek (Ruhely
24=;, >
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27
quaram ny tda Fbeldu grcf Fbeldurhb, wdc rujam
uemar tda thtja Ldhek (nrhjjhbela) grcf 27== tc
2822. a Fbeldu bmcptam Ldheasa wbys bem bp-
pchetam lcjjbncrbtcrs he kcvarefaet pcsts tc fbhe-
tbhe lcetrcj cvar tda pcpujbthce. Bgtar twc bem b
dbjg laeturhas, tda Fbeldu dbm naae bnscrnam hetc
Ldheasa lujtura, axlapt gcr tda Fbeldu styja cg
mrass bem tda sdbvae dabm whtd tda quaua (phktbhj),wdhld wara gcrlam upce tda Ldheasa bs syfncjs cg
suniukbthce.
He 2;1;, tda Fbeldu Afparcr Ldhae Juek
(2;
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2;
flram tda hfbkhebthce bem lurhcshty cg tda punjhl nut
bjsc brcusam tda avbekajhlbj hfpujsa cg Prctastbet
jabmars, wdc gcuemam fhsshcebry ncbrms bem sclhat-
has tc ralruht bem saem fhsshcebrhas hetc tda dab-
tdae wcrjm. [dhja Nrhthsd bem Bfarhlbe farldbets
cpaeam tda mccrs tc tda trabsuras cg Lbtdby (Ldh-eb), Aurcpabe bem Bfarhlbe fhsshcebrhas aevh-
shceam cpaehek tda mccr tc tda Ohekmcf cg Kcm
gcr Ldhebs tdraa duemram fhjjhce dabtdaes. ]hs
fhsshcebry aetarprhsa wbs b pbrt cg tda Ldrhsthbe
ravhvbjhst fcvafaet oecwe bs tda \alcem KrabtBwboaehek.
Bt tda nakheehek cg tda 28td laetury, tdhs Prct-
astbet rajhkhcus fcvafaet jam tc tda gcuemhek cg
Mr. Fcrrhsce trbesjbthek tda Nhnja whtd Ldheasa lcevarts, 24>0.
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24
tda Jcemce Fhsshcebry \clhaty (JF\), gcjjcwam
ny tda gcuemhek cg tda Bfarhlbe Ncbrm cg Lcf-
fhsshces cg Gcrahke Fhsshces (BNLGF). He 240;,
tda JF\ saet a ^avaraem ^cnart Fcrrhsce tc
Ldheb bem, he 244, 2410,
wdae Fbycr Icde Kabry bem a ^avaraem Bjnart
[hjjhbfs hevhtam tda Ldheasa rashmaets tc Pcrts-
fcutd \qubra tc ralahva rajhkhcus trblts tdbt waraprhetam he Ldheasa bem punjhsdam he Lbetce.
Nut tda gbslhebthce whtd wdhld tda [ast vhawam
Ldheb he tda 24td laetury matarhcrbtam tc mhsra-
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spalt bem mhsmbhe ny tda 28td laetury. Gcjjcwhek
hts magabt he tda Cphuf [br whtd Aekjbem, Ldheb
uemar tda Fbeldu rujars wbs ce tda varka cg lcj-
jbpsa. Qebnja tc mabj whtd tda najjhkaraet mafbemscg [astare pcwars, tda kcvarefaet bmcptam b gcr-
ahke pcjhly cg bppabsafaet, krbethek lcelasshce
bgtar lcelasshce. Gcrahke axpjchtbthce, hetarebj ra-
najjhce, bem cvarpcpujbthce bllajarbtam tda maljhea
cg Ldhebs alcecfy bem tda matarhcrbthce cg sclhbj
lcemhthces.Bt tda sbfa thfa, tda acrts cg tda \alcem
Krabt Bwboaehek tdbt dbm nrcukdt Prctastbet
avbekajhsts tc Ldheb bjsc dbstaeam tda aem cg tda
Bgrhlbe sjbva trbma, lrabthek b wcrjmwhma sdcrt-
bka cg ldabp jbncr. a Ldheasa grcf KubekmcekPrcvhela fljjam tdhs vchm. Bfarhlbe bem Nrhthsd
sdhps lbrrham dufbe lbrkc uemar wratldam lcemh-
thces tdrcukdcut \cutdabst Bshb, Lunb, Dbwbhh, tda
Bfarhlbe tab ljhppar Ehkdthekbja, nrabohek tdrcukd tda Ldheblcbst.
Brthst9\tbeDckhjj.Lcurtasy9Ncn
\ldwaemhekar
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>0
Ldheldb Hsjbems he Paru, bem Fburhthus bem Fbmb-
kbslbr cff tda lcbst cg Bgrhlb. ]hs sbfa ldabp jbncr
wbs tda rascurla ny wdhld Lbjhgcrehb wbs mavajcpam.
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DH\]C^X
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>2)
He 2;78, tda \pbehsd kcvarefaet saet Mce Kbspbr
Pcrtcjb bem Gbtdar Iuehparb \arrb tc ljbhf Lbjhgcr-ehb gcr \pbhe ny astbnjhsdhek b systaf cg fhsshces
hetaemam tc pravaet Nrhthsd bem ^usshbe hetrushce.
Nrhthsd bem ^usshbe hetarast he Lbjhgcrehbdbm naae
trhkkaram ny tda sullassguj vcybka cg Lbptbhe Ibfas
Lcco hetc tda \cutd \abs, wdae tda lraw mhslcv-
aram tda trafaemcus prcflts tc na fbma grcf sajjhek
gur he Lbetce. Bjcek tda Pblhfll Lcbst, sab cttar
wbs gcuem he bnuembela, bem tda sohe cg b fbtura
cttar nrcukdt b prhla bs dhkd bs tdraa duemram mcj-
jbrs. He tda jbta 24td laetury, wdae Eaw Aekjbem
farldbets jabream cg tdhs julrbthva fbroat, Bfarh-lbe hetarast he Lbjhgcrehb nakbe.
Ce Iuea 2;, 2;;7, Jt. Icsa Icbquhe Fcrbkb cg
\pbhe jam be axpamhthce cg scjmhars bem tdahr gbfh-
jhas tc tda \be Grbelhslc Nby Brab. ay astbnjhsdam
tda Prashmhc ce \aptafnar 2;td bem tda Fhsshce
Mcjcras ce Cltcnar 8td. Jt. Fcrbkb tcco ldbrkacg tda Prashmhc bem Gbtdar Grbelhslc Pbjcu bem Gb-
tdar Lbfnce wara raspceshnja gcr tda Fhsshce. Gcr
malbmas tda cejy sclhbj jhga wbs natwaae gbfhjhas bt
tda Fhsshce bem Prashmhc, tckatdar oecwe bs Xarnb
Nuaeb grcf tda darn cg tdbt ebfa tdbt kraw bjcektda rcbm natwaae tda sattjafaets. Axlapt gcr cllb-
shcebj sbhjcrs grcf sdhps beldcram ce tda nby gcr sup-
pjhas, tdara wbs jhttja lceealthce tc tda cutshma wcrjm.
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>=
Faxhlbe Parhcm (24>2-24=4)
He 24>2, KaearbjBukusthe ma Hturnhma maljbram
Faxhlcs
hemapaemaela grcf \pbhe bem Lbjhgcrehb
aetaram b parhcm cg Faxhlbe ruja. B yabr jbtar, tda
Nrhthsd wdbjar Crhcesbhjam hetc\be Grbelhslc Nby.
[dhja ce sdcra, fafnars cg tda lraw aeicyam tda
dcsphtbjhty cg Hkebzhc Fbrtheaz bem tda gbfhjhas bt
tda Prashmhc. [dae tda Crhcesbhjam cff, Ldhag Fbta[hjjhbf B. ^hldbrmsce rafbheam nadhem. [datd-
ar ^hldbrmsce masartam tda sdhp nalbusa cg Fbrhb
Betcehb, wdcf da fat murhek tda gasthvhthas, hs
ect oecwe, nut tdraa yabrs jbtar tday wara fbrrham.
^hldbrmsce nalbfa b Faxhlbe lhthzae bem, nalbusa
cg dhs oecwjamka cg ebvhkbthce, da wbs bppchetam
dbrncrfbstar bem krbetam b pjct cg jbem. He 24,
da nuhjt be bmcna dcusa gcr dhs gbfhjy, grcethek tda
wast shma cg Lbjja ma jb Gcemblhce (ecw 4>< Krbet
Bvaeua). Cea yabr jbtar, he Malafnar 24
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>1
bt sthjjeass cg ebtura wcujm na hetarruptam gcr-
avar he tda eaxt malbma wdae Bfarhlb nalbfa he-
tarastam he beeaxbthce cg Lbjhgcrehb bem wdae kcjm
wbs mhslcvaram ce tda Bfarhlbe ^hvar.
Bfarhlbe Parhcm (24=7-Prasaet)
B dbjg-laetury cg lcetblt whtd Lbjhgcrehbcrhkh-
ebthek whtd tda sab cttar trbma bfcek Ncstce,Lbjhgcrehb, bem Lbetce, bem gcjjcwam ny tda Eaw
Aekjbem dhma bem tbjjcw trbmajbhm tda gcuemb-
thce gcr Bfarhlbe hetarast he Lbjhgcrehb bem spbroam
Bfarhlbe axpbeshce wastwbrm bs dar Fbehgast
Masthey. Nctd Prashmaet Bemraw Iblosce bem Pras-
hmaet Icde ]yjar sbw tda hfpcrtbela cg beeaxhek
Lbjhgcrehb, ect cejy gcr hts mashrbnja pcrts gcr wdbj-
hek vassajs nut bjsc gcr tda pctaethbj mcfhebela cg
trbma blrcss tda Pblhfll.
[dae Prashmaet Ibfas O. Pcjo bssufam cla
he Fbrld 24=1, da wbs matarfheam tc beeax Lbjh-gcrehb ahtdar ny purldbsa, ny aelcurbkhek Lbjhgcr-
ehb tc ravcjt bkbhest Faxhlbe ruja, cr bs b jbst rascrt,
nywbr whtd Faxhlc. [br ht wbs! Ce Iujy ;, 24=7
Lcffcmcra Icde M. \jcbt rbhsam tda Qehtam \tbtas
bk bt Fcetkcfary bem prcljbhfam Lbjhgcrehb pbrt
cg tda Qehtam \tbtas. Ec cea wbs tdara tc surrae-mar. B fassbka wbs saet tc Lbptbhe Fcetkcfary
he \be Grbelhslc bem ce Iujy 8, 24=7, tda Bfarhlbe
bk wbs dchstam ce tda squbra. Icde Daery Nrcwe
kbva tdhs ayawhteass bllcuet9
Ce tda gcjjcwhek mby, sdcrtjy nagcra ecce, wa
dabrm tda flga bem tda nabthek cg tda mruf.
ara wbs krabt raichlhek ny tda gaw wdc wara
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>7
he tda lhty, bem tda sfbjj bem gbhtdguj nbem
wara bs uehtam bs nrctdars, bem tdahr dabrts
swajjam whtd pura prhma bem pbtrhcthsf bt tda
tdcukdts cg nahek uemar tda prctalthce cg
tda bk cg tdahr lcuetry. a rst parsce wdc
fbma dhs bppabrbela wbs Lbptbhe [btsce cg
tda fbrheas, whtd dhs lcfpbey cg scjmhars. aeaxt he lcffbem wbs tda Ghrst Jhautaebet cg
tda Pcrtsfcutd. Da wbs gcjjcwam ny Jhautae-
bet ^avaras twc Fhm-sdhpfae, bem bncut b
mczae sbhjcrs. ay bjj fbrldam up Ljby \traat
tc Oabrey, bem tdaela tc tda Cjm Faxhlbe bk
pcja he grcet cg tda Bmcna Dcusa, usam bs bLustcf Dcusa. hs nahek be hfpcrtbet avaet
he tda Dhstcry cg \be Grbelhslc, H whjj khva
tda ebfas cg tdcsa wdc whteassam tda dchst-
hek cg tda Bfarhlbe Gjbk9 Lbptbhe Jahmsc,
Icde Gheld, Icsapd cfpsce, Frs. cnart]. hmjay, Frs. Bemraw Dapear, Frs. Lbptbhe
Wchkdt, ^hldbrm tda hrm, bem Icde D. Nrcwe.
\be Grbelhslc, Ecvafnar 24=4.
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>;
a wbr aemam ce Ganrubry >, 24=4, whtd tda
shkehek cg tda ]rabty cg Kubmbjupa Dhmbjkc. a
tarfs cg tda trabty lbjjam gcr tda Qehtam \tbtas tc
beeax tda tarrhtcrhas cg Lbjhgcrehb bem ]axbs he
axldbeka gcr b $21-fhjjhce pbyfaet tc Faxhlc.
Ehea mbys abrjhar, ce Ibeubry >=, 24=4, Ibfas [hj-
sce Fbrsdbjj dbm mhslcvaram kcjm ce tda Bfarhlbe
^hvar, nut Lbjhgcrehb ecw najcekam tc tda Qehtam\tbtas.
Fbrsdbjj dbm lcetrbltam whtd Icde B. \uttar tc
nuhjm b sbwfhjj bt Lcjcfb bem wdhja hespalthek tda
wcro, mhslcvaram pbrthljas cg kcjm he tda rhvarnam.
Bgtar bslartbhehek tda spalhfaes wara bltubjjy kcjm,
Fbrsdbjj bem \uttar bkraam tc oaap tda mhslcvaryb salrat. Nut tdahr acrts tc oaap tda eaws grcf
sprabmhek prcvam hfpcsshnja. [dae \bfuaj Nrbe-
ebe, wdc rbe b kaearbj stcra bt \uttar Gcrt, jabream
cg tda mhslcvary, da quhatjy lcrearam tda fbroat ce
avary typa cg fhehek aquhpfaet bem tdae ce Fby2>, 24=4, bppabram axlhtamjy bt Pcrtsfcutd \qubra
sdcuthek9 Kcjm! kcjm! grcf tda Bfarhlbe ^hvar!
a salrat wbs cut bem tda wcrjm rusdam he.
\be Grbelhslc, Ecvafnar 24=8.