Stanford hci group / cs376 u Scott Klemmer · 12 October 2006 Evaluati on Methods.
Precourt Energy Efficiency Center (Formerly: Precourt Institute … · 2016. 5. 10. · John...
Transcript of Precourt Energy Efficiency Center (Formerly: Precourt Institute … · 2016. 5. 10. · John...
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Precourt Energy Efficiency Center (Formerly: Precourt Institute for Energy
Efficiency)
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Precourt Energy Efficiency Center • Established October 2006
• Initial funding, from Jay Precourt:
– operating cost, building; faculty endowment (now with PIE)
• Subsequent Funding: EPA, ARPA–E, The Energy Foundation,
Richard and Rhona Goldman Fund, Chevron
• Mission
– Improve opportunities for and implementation of energy
efficient technologies, systems, and practices.
– Focus on use of energy, especially economically efficient
reductions in energy use
• Operations
– Grants to faculty/student teams throughout Stanford
– Conferences (Silicon Valley Energy Summit; Behavior,
Energy, and Climate Change)
– Internal Research
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ARPA-E $2,533,000
Ford Fdn. Gift $100,000
Precourt Gift, $6,714,600
Energy Fdn. - AB32 Project, $75,000
Goldman Fdn. - AB32 Project, $48,000
EPA Project, $363,100 Tides Foundation
(For ARPA-E) $10,000
Chevron, $60,000
PEEC Income - Actual to March 2011 $9,904,000
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• Environmental Protection
• Global Climate Change
• Security
• Oil/International vulnerability
• Vulnerability of infrastructure to terrorism, natural
disaster, or human error
• Economics
• Price volatility: can lead to macroeconomic dislocations
– particularly oil.
Each Issue can be addressed by
improvements in the efficiency of energy use
Drivers of Energy Policy
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U.S. CO2 Emissions 2008
Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html 5
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Residential Commerical Industrial Transportation
Mill
ion
Me
tric
To
ns
of
Car
bo
n D
ioxi
de
Through Electricity
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Coal
Gasoline
Distillate(Diesel)
Jet FuelMost:
Buildings
Some:
Buildings
21% 18%
27%
33%
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$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation
BillionsTotal US Expenditures on Energy Consumption (2007): $1.233 Trillion
Retail Electricity
Biomass
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
2007 US GDP:$14 Trillion$14,000 Billion
About 3% of
GDP
Electricity includes non-primary energy costs of electric system
About 4%
of GDP
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PEEC Research Matrix Sectors
Methods Buildings Transport-
ation
Electricity
System
Industry Economy
Wide
Engineering
Modeling
Systems
Behavior
Policy
Current Emphasis
Other Areas Covered
Greatest Current Emphasis
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School of Humanities and Sciences
Communication Byron Reeves
Economics Nick Bloom
Lawrence Goulder
Matthew Harding
Aprajit Mahajan
Symbolic Systems Jeff Shrager (consulting professor)
Psychology Sam McClure
Greg Walton
School of Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering Martin Fischer
John Haymaker (just left Stanford)
Mark Jacobsen
John Kunz
Computer Science Scott Klemmer
Philip Levis
Andrew Ng
Electrical Engineering Balaji Prabhakar
Management Science and Engineering Sam Chiu
James Sweeney
John Weyant
Thomas Weber
Mechanical Engineering Banny Banerjee
Christopher Edwards
Kenneth Goodson
Gianluca Iaccarino
School of Education
Nicole Ardoin
Graduate School of Business
Erica Plambeck
John Roberts
School of Medicine
Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology Abby King
Pediatrics Thomas Robinson
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Workshops/Conferences
Each Year
• Silicon Valley Energy Summit. Jointly with Silicon Valley Leadership Group
• Behavior, Energy, and Climate Change. Jointly with ACEEE, California
Institute for Energy and Environment
One-Off Conferences/Workshops
• Energy Efficiency Workshop, with Snowmass Workshop on Integrated
Assessment of Global Climate Change, July 2007
• Electricity Measurement and Feedback Workshop. Sept. 2008
• French Delegation Workshop. November 2010
• Making Electromobility Work, December 2010
• Conference Presentation Material on website: PEEC.stanford.edu
• Many Powerpoints
• Video of entire Silicon Valley Energy Summit
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Silicon Valley Energy Summit
Annual Conference
• Jointly with Silicon Valley Leadership Group 590 registered in 2010
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Behavior, Energy, and Climate Change
Annual Conference
• Jointly with American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, California
Institute for Energy and Environment
• Alternates between Sacramento and Washington DC
• 750 registered in 2010
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Research Examples
• Deconstructing the Rosenfeld Curve
• AB 32 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
• ARPA-E Sensor and Behavior Initiative
• Infosys-Stanford Traffic Project
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Deconstructing the Rosenfeld Curve
Anant Sudarshan
Department of Management Science and Engineering
&
James Sweeney
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The Rosenfeld Curve: Per Capita Electricity Purchases
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
KWhr Per CapitaAnnual KWhr per Person Electricity Consumption
California
US
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Year 2001 Decomposition
Heating Load, 340
Cooling Load, 332
Water Heating, 238
Household Size, 382
Urbanization, 321
Commercial Floorspace
1036
Industry Composition 1325
Self Generation, 258
Unexplained (Residential), 545
Unexplained (Industrial) 416
Unexplained (Commercial) 272
Household Income, -130
-400-400
0
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
2,400
2,800
3,200
3,600
4,000
4,400
4,800
5,200
5,600
6,000
KW
h p
er
cap
ita
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Decomposition Over Time: Residential
California ActualCalifornia Actual California Actual
Heating, Cooling LoadHeating, Cooling Load Heating, Cooling Load
Water Heating Water Heating Water Heating
Income Income Income
Household SizeHousehold Size
Urbanization
Urbanization
Urbanization
Unexplained
Unexplained
Unexplained
-500
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
1980 1990 2001
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0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
GW
h
Residential and Commercial Cumulative Conservation Savings 1980 - 2006
Title 24
Building Standards
Title 20
Appliance Standards
Program, Price, and Market Effects
~19% of
Residential and
Commercial Electricity Use
in California in 2006
Source: Art Rosenfeld, California Energy Commission
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0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
196
0
196
2
19
64
196
6
196
8
197
0
197
2
197
4
197
6
197
8
198
0
198
2
198
4
198
6
198
8
199
0
199
2
19
94
199
6
199
8
200
0
200
2
kW
h/p
ers
on
Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation)
(kWh/person)
United States
California
California w/out stds
and programs
Source: Art Rosenfeld, California Energy Commission
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AB 32 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
AB 32 Team from PEEC
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50
10
0
15
0
Die
sel a
nti
-id
ling
Fue
l eff
icie
nt t
ire
s fo
r LD
VFu
el e
con
om
y -
me
diu
m/h
eav
y tr
uck
sP
etr
ole
um
& G
as P
rod
uct
ion
Fue
l eco
no
my
stan
dar
ds
-Fe
de
ral E
ne
rgy
Bill
Sola
r P
V (
CA
So
lar
Init
iati
ve)
Uti
lity
Bas
ed
En
erg
y Ef
fici
en
cy
Hu
ffm
an B
ill (
Pri
mar
ily li
ghti
ng)
Fed
era
l Sta
nd
ard
s an
d T
itle
24
Re
visi
on
sC
em
en
t P
rod
uct
ion
Fu
el S
wit
chin
g
Fue
l eco
no
my
stan
dar
ds
-P
avle
y B
ill
Ce
me
nt
Pro
du
ctio
n E
ffic
ien
cyP
etr
ole
um
Re
fin
ing
Fly
Ash
Su
bst
itu
tio
nfo
r C
em
en
t
Smar
t G
row
th p
lan
nin
g an
d o
the
rs
Re
du
ced
ve
nti
ng/
leak
s in
oil
and
gas
sys
tem
Co
nse
rvat
ion
fo
rest
man
age
me
nt
Ligh
t du
ty p
lug-
in h
ybri
ds
Co
nse
rvat
ion
till
age
CH
P R
esi
de
nti
al a
nd
Co
mm
erc
ial:
Agg
ress
ive
Ind
ust
rial
CH
P (
aggr
ess
ive
gro
wth
)
Hig
h-G
WP
gas
es:
sta
tio
nar
y so
urc
e
Aff
ore
stat
ion
/ R
efo
rest
atio
nB
iod
iese
lR
ecy
clin
g-C
om
po
stin
gC
HP
Re
sid
en
tial
an
d C
om
me
rcia
lIn
du
stri
al C
HP
(p
rice
ince
nti
ves
and
PTC
)Fo
rest
co
nse
rvat
ion
Lan
dfi
ll M
eth
ane
Cap
ture
Bio
gas
Ele
ctri
city
Hig
h-G
WP
gas
es:
mo
bile
so
urc
eP
ort
ele
ctri
fica
tio
nM
ed
ium
/he
avy
tru
ck h
ybri
diz
atio
nEt
han
ol (
Low
Car
bo
n F
ue
ls)
Smal
l hyd
roG
eo
the
rmal
po
we
rO
the
r M
ate
rial
s P
rod
uct
ion
Win
d E
lect
ric
Sola
r Th
erm
al
Agg
ress
ive
IOU
EE
Bio
mas
s El
ect
rici
tyC
oal
Pla
nts
wit
h C
CS
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
US$
pe
r To
n C
O2
e
Total CO2 Reductions (Million Metric Tons CO2 Equivalent)
CO2 Marginal Abatement Cost Curve
Smaller than 0.5 MM Tonnne Reduction
Very Responsive to CO2 PricesPartially Responsive to CO2 PricesMinimally responsive to CO2 PricesExisting Regulation
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ARPA-E Sensor and Behavior Initiative
Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy
(ARPA-E)
– Created in 2009, modeled after DARPA
– First FOA: 3,700 applications 37 awards (1 behavioral)
– $5.5 million award
– Duration: 2 years beginning April 1, 2010 (may be extended)
Interdisciplinary
– 15 faculty
– 10 departments, 5 schools, 5 centers
– 30+ students
– Faculty Director: Professor Byron Reeves
– Project Director: Carrie Armel
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Transformation Eco-System
ENERGY
USE
TRANSFORMATION
ENGINE
BEHAVIOR
CHANGE
COLLECT
&
CAPTURE
PERVASIVE
SENSORS
SENSOR
DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
DATABASE
ANALYTICS
PROGRAMS
FOUNDATIONAL
WORK
MEDIA
PROGRAMS
POLICY
PROGRAMS
COMMUNITY
PROGRAMS
MODELING
ECONOMETRIC
ESTIMATION
SEGMENTATION
MULTI-AGENT
SIMULATION
TECHNOLOGY
PLATFORM
PRESENT
&
INFORM
WEB ENABLED
DEVICES
SYSTEM
GROUP INDIVIDUAL
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High PerformanceSwitching and RoutingTelecom Center Workshop: Sept 4, 1997.
INSTANT (Infosys – Stanford Traffic Project)
Balaji Prabhakar
Research at Infosys in Bangalore, India
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• The INSTANT project uses the framework of
incentive mechanisms to reduce road traffic
congestion.
• Infosys employees were given chances for one
month extra salary for each time they took bus to
arrive before 8 am
• The goal of our work is to incentivize Infosys
commuters to travel at uncongested times.
• INSTANT serves as a pilot project to demonstrate
the applicability of incentive compatible
congestion pricing to combat congestion.
About INSTANT
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Commuter arrivals
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000 before 8 AMbefore 8:30 AMbefore 9 AM
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1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000 before 8 AMbefore 8:30 AMbefore 9 AM
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500before 8 AM
before 8:30 AM
before 9 AM
50
55
60
65
70
75
Sep '08 Oct '08 Nov '08 Dec '08 Jan '09 Feb '09 Mar '09
Min
ute
s
Commuter arrivals Bus commuter arrivals
Other commuter arrivals Average morning bus commute time
and total person-hrs saved
2000 person-hrs
1400 person-hrs
2300 person-hrs
100 person-hrs 500
person-hrs 600
person-hrs
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Precourt Energy
Efficiency Center
http://peec.stanford.edu
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