Precision Irrigation and Fertigation. What is Irrigation? Irrigation is the application of water to...
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Transcript of Precision Irrigation and Fertigation. What is Irrigation? Irrigation is the application of water to...
What is Irrigation?What is Irrigation?
Irrigation is the application of water to a Irrigation is the application of water to a crop for assisting the production of a crop.crop for assisting the production of a crop.
What is precision?What is precision?
A degree of mutual agreement among a A degree of mutual agreement among a series of individual measurements, values, series of individual measurements, values, or results.or results.
What are we looking for in precision What are we looking for in precision irrigation?irrigation?
Irrigation Efficiency and/or Uniform CoverageIrrigation Efficiency and/or Uniform Coverage Plus site-specific applicationPlus site-specific application
Efficiency is what you get out, for what you put in.Efficiency is what you get out, for what you put in.
Efficiency = output / inputEfficiency = output / inputOR OR Water stored in root zone / water delivered to the fieldWater stored in root zone / water delivered to the field
Wind Drift
Evaporation
Evaporation from vegetation
Evaporation from soil surface
Runoff
Infiltration
Deep percolation
Decreased Efficiency
Spray IrrigationSpray Irrigation Evaporation (Major Loss)Evaporation (Major Loss)
Wind speedWind speed HumidityHumidity Air temperatureAir temperature Canopy densityCanopy density Sprinkler evaluationSprinkler evaluation Sprinkler pressure Sprinkler pressure
Deep Percolation (Minor Loss)Deep Percolation (Minor Loss) System uniformitySystem uniformity Total application depthTotal application depth
Runoff (Minor Loss)Runoff (Minor Loss) Application rateApplication rate SlopeSlope Vegetation DensityVegetation Density
Furrow IrrigationFurrow Irrigation
Evaporation (Minor Loss)Evaporation (Minor Loss) Wind speedWind speed HumidityHumidity Air temperatureAir temperature
Deep percolation (Major Loss)Deep percolation (Major Loss) Unit flow rateUnit flow rate Field lengthField length Soil textureSoil texture Field slopeField slope Total application depthTotal application depth
Runoff (Major Loss)Runoff (Major Loss) Unit flow rateUnit flow rate Field slopeField slope Soil textureSoil texture
Drip IrrigationDrip Irrigation
Evaporation (Minor Loss)Evaporation (Minor Loss) Minor soil surface evaporation for dripMinor soil surface evaporation for drip
Deep percolation (Minor Loss)Deep percolation (Minor Loss) System uniformitySystem uniformity Total application depthTotal application depth
Runoff (Minor Loss)Runoff (Minor Loss)
How to Improve Irrigation SystemHow to Improve Irrigation System
Night Irrigation – Low temp, low wind, high Night Irrigation – Low temp, low wind, high humidityhumidity
Lower operating pressure – bigger droplet Lower operating pressure – bigger droplet sizesize
Low drift nozzles – bigger droplet sizeLow drift nozzles – bigger droplet size New TechnologyNew Technology
Low Energy Precision Application Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA)(LEPA)
Irrigates with the plant rowsIrrigates with the plant rows Drops water in the furrowDrops water in the furrow
Approximately 90% application efficiency
Efficiency Efficiency
Standard Multi SprinklerStandard Multi Sprinkler 75-80%75-80% Moving Multi SprinklerMoving Multi Sprinkler
LEPALEPA 90+%90+% High Pressure GunHigh Pressure Gun 60-75%60-75% Standard FloodStandard Flood 40-70%40-70% Drip IrrigationDrip Irrigation 90%90%
A high efficient irrigation system will help increase the precision of the application of water and nutrients to the plant.
Fertigation / ChemigationFertigation / Chemigation
The use of an irrigation system to apply the The use of an irrigation system to apply the necessary application of nutrients or necessary application of nutrients or chemicals to the crop.chemicals to the crop.
ManagementManagement
Need to know and understand the Need to know and understand the equipment.equipment.
AdvantagesAdvantages
Uniformity of applicationUniformity of application Prescription applicationsPrescription applications Economics - expenseEconomics - expense TimelinesTimelines Incorporation and ActivationIncorporation and Activation Reduced CompactionReduced Compaction Operator hazardOperator hazard
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Calibration of equipmentCalibration of equipment Additional equipmentAdditional equipment Environmental HazardEnvironmental Hazard Increased application timesIncreased application times Unnecessary Water ApplicationsUnnecessary Water Applications
Why use Fertigation?Why use Fertigation?
Your irrigation system does the work.Your irrigation system does the work. Overfeeding and Underfeeding is Overfeeding and Underfeeding is
decreased.decreased. Dry applications need water to dissolve Dry applications need water to dissolve
the granules.the granules. With precise application, the overall With precise application, the overall
amount of chemicals applied is reduced amount of chemicals applied is reduced vs. the dry application.vs. the dry application.
The use of fertigation or chemigation with site-specific The use of fertigation or chemigation with site-specific technology.technology.
TechnologyTechnology GPS – locate soil type, water holes, weeds, obstructions, and GPS – locate soil type, water holes, weeds, obstructions, and
boundariesboundaries GIS (Geographical Information System) works with data captured GIS (Geographical Information System) works with data captured
from spatial reference points.from spatial reference points. VRT (Variable-rate controllers) System “Brain” sets the rate of VRT (Variable-rate controllers) System “Brain” sets the rate of
application dependent on soil type, slopes, ponds…etc.application dependent on soil type, slopes, ponds…etc. Weather Station / Mesonet (ET rate)Weather Station / Mesonet (ET rate) Green Seeker / Weed Seeker Green Seeker / Weed Seeker
• NIR (Near Infrared Band)NIR (Near Infrared Band)• Red (Red Band)Red (Red Band)• Thermo sensorThermo sensor
Precision IrrigationPrecision Irrigation
Site Specific Irrigation/FertigationSite Specific Irrigation/Fertigation
Pivot AnimationPivot Animation
SourcesSources www.florence.ars.usda.gov/www.florence.ars.usda.gov/ www.betterpivots.com/how.htmlwww.betterpivots.com/how.html http://weather.nmsu.edu/http://weather.nmsu.edu/ www.nrw.gld.gov.au/www.nrw.gld.gov.au/ www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/abeng/www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/abeng/ www.fertigationsystems.comwww.fertigationsystems.com http://msucares.com/pubs/pulications/p1551.htmhttp://msucares.com/pubs/pulications/p1551.htm Dr. Kizer. Oklahoma State University. April 18, 2008Dr. Kizer. Oklahoma State University. April 18, 2008