PRECEDENTS IN ARCHITECTURE€¦ · Preseden dalam arsitektur: Metode penilaian terhadap arsitektur...
Transcript of PRECEDENTS IN ARCHITECTURE€¦ · Preseden dalam arsitektur: Metode penilaian terhadap arsitektur...
METODE PERANCANGAN
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI YOGYAKARTA
OKTOBER 2016
PRECEDENTS IN ARCHITECTURE
prec·e·dent
noun
ˈpresəd(ə)nt/
synonyms: model, exemplar, example, pattern,
previous case, prior
instance/example
an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or
guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.
METODE PRESEDEN…
1. Sebagai referensi di dalam merancang.
2. Membantu mengatasi permasalahan ketika merancang denah,
tampak, potongan, dan detail.
METODE PRESEDEN:
Dengan menggambar kembali siteplan, denah, tampak, potongan.
Kemudian gambar-gambar tersebut dianalisis.
Preseden dalam arsitektur:
Metode penilaian terhadap arsitektur yang secara mendalam meliputi 3
aspek:
1. Aspek Konseptual:
filosofi dan gagasan yang mendasari karya.
yang dianalisis:
- bagaimana implikasi konsep filosofis yang dimiliki
- bagaimana merumuskan konsep
- bagaimana menanggapi tuntutan programatis, konteks dan berbagai
gagasan yang muncul
2. Aspek Programatik:
fungsi dan hubungan antar fungsi.
yang dianalisis:
- bagaimana membuat penzoningan atau pengelompokkan fungsional
- bagaimana menata dan mengaitkan ruang pakai dengan sirkulasi
- bagaimana membentuk ruang dan massa dalam kaitannya dengan
program dan fungsi yang diakomodasi
3. Aspek Formal:
ruang dan bentuk.
yang dianalisis:
- menganalisis konstruksi geometris
- menganalisis konfigurasi keruangan
ASPEK FORMAL
• Siteplan
• Denah
• Tampak
• Potongan
Diagram
Analisis
-Struktur
-Pencahayaan
alami
-Massa
-Denah-potongan
-Sirkulasi
-Unit to whole
-Repetitive to
unique
-Simetri dan
keseimbangan
-Geometri
-Additive &
Subtractive
-Hierarkhi
STRUKTUR
PENCAHAYAAN
ALAMI
MASSA
DENAH-POTONGAN
SIRKULASI
UNIT TO WHOLE
REPETITIVE TO
UNIQUE
ANALISIS
SIMETRI DAN
KESEIMBANGAN
GEOMETRI
ADDITIVE &
SUBTRACTIVE
HIERARKHI
IDE
FORMATIF
LOUIS I KAHN - 1
Alfred N Richards Medical
Research Building
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1957-1961
LOUIS I KAHN - 1
LOUIS I KAHN - 2
Salk Institute of Biological
Studies
La Jolla, California
1959-1965
LOUIS I KAHN - 2
LOUIS I KAHN - 3
Library
Philip Exeter Academy
Exeter, New Hampshire
1967-1972
LOUIS I KAHN - 3
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Ide formatif bisa dimengerti sebagai suatu konsep yang digunakan
oleh desainer yang memberi pengaruh atau bentuk kepada
desainnya.
- Mengorganisasikan keputusan.
- Tata atur
- Bentukkan.
Setiap ide formatif yang digunakan mempunyai hasil yang berbeda-
beda.
PLAN TO SECTION
OR ELEVATION
UNIT TO WHOLE
REPETITIVE TO
UNIQUE
ADDITIVE AND
SUBTRACTIVE
SYMMETRY &
BALANCE
GEOMETRY & GRID
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS
PROGRESSIONS
REDUCTION
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Hubungan antara denah dengan tampak atau potongan, dimana
terdapat korelasi yang teridentifikasi melalui konfigurasi
horizontal dan vertikal bangunan.
Keputusan di satu area (denah) mempengaruhi keputusan di area
lain (tampak/potongan).
PLAN TO SECTION OR
ELEVATION
PLAN
SECTION
ELEVATION
OR
EQUAL
ONE TO ONE
HALF
ANALOGOUS
PROPORTIONAL
INVERSE
PLAN TO SECTION
OR ELEVATION EQUAL
SNELLMAN HOUSE
ERIK GUNNAR ASPLUND
1917-1918
PANTHEON
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
C.100
OLD SACRISTY
FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI
1421
PLAN TO SECTION
OR ELEVATION ONE TO ONE HALF
STOCKHOLM EXHIBITION HALL
LE CORBUSIER
1962
CHAPEL AT RONCHAMP
LE CORBUSIER
1950-1955
RUSAKOV CLUB
KONSTANTIN MELNIKOV
1927
PLAN TO SECTION
OR ELEVATION ANALOGOUS
FLOREY BUILDING
JAMES STIRLING
1966
CAMBRIDGE HISTORY FACULTY
JAMES STIRLING
1964
TEMPLE OF THE SCOTTISH RITE
JOHN RUSSEL POPE
1910
PLAN TO SECTION
OR ELEVATION PROPORTIONAL
FARNSWORTH HOUSE
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE
1945-1950
VILLA SAVOYE
LE CORBUSIER
1928-1931
UNITE D’HABITATION
LE CORBUSIER
1946-1952
PLAN TO SECTION
OR ELEVATION INVERSE
FIRE STATION N0 4
ROBERT VENTURI
1966
LEICESTER ENGINEERING
BUILDING
JAMES STIRLING
1959
VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA
ALVAR AALTO
1956-1958
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Ide formatif yang menghubungkan unit-unit ke unit lain dan
terhadap bentuk keseluruhan dengan menggunakan cara khusus untuk
menciptakan suatu bentukkan.
UNIT TO WHOLE
UNIT TO WHOLE
UNIT EQUALS
WHOLE
UNITS CONTAINED
IN WHOLE
WHOLE GREATER THAN
SUM OF THE UNITS
UNITS AGGREGATE
TO FORM WHOLE
UNITS
OVERLAP
UNITS
SEPARATE
UNIT TO WHOLE UNIT EQUALS WHOLE
PYRAMID OF CHEOPS
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
C. 3733 BC
HOUSE AT WEISSENHOF
LE CORBUSIER
1927
RESIDENCE IN RIVA SAN
VITALE
MARIO BOTTA
1972-1973
UNIT TO WHOLE UNITS CONTAINED IN
WHOLE
SAN GIORGIO MAGGIORE
ANDREA PALLADIO
1560-1580
REDENTORE CHURCH
ANDREA PALLADIO
1576-1591
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
LOUIS SULLIVAN
1887-1890
UNIT TO WHOLE WHOLE GREATER THAN
SUM OF THE UNITS
EXETER LIBRARY
LOUIS I KAHN
1967-1972
TENDERING HALL
JOHN SOANE
1784-1790
TEMPLE OF HORUS
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
237 BC – 57 BC
UNIT TO WHOLE UNITS AGGREGATE TO
FORM WHOLE
LEICESTER ENGINEERING
BUILDING
JAMES STIRLING
1959
EASTON NESTON
NICHOLAS HAWKSMOOR
C. 1695-1710
NASHDOM
EDWIN LUTYENS
1905-1909
UNIT TO WHOLE UNITS OVERLAP
SEVER HALL
HENRY HOBSON RICHARDSON
1878-1880
LISTER COUNTY COURTHOUSE
ERIK GUNNAR ASPLUND
1917-1921
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTER
HARDY-HOLZMAN-PFIEFFER
1973
UNIT TO WHOLE UNITS SEPARATE
DEERE WEST OFFICE
BUILDING
ROCHE-DINKELOO
1975-1976
COLLEGE LIFE INSURANCE
COMPANY
ROCHE-DINKELOO
1967-1971
EVERSON MUSEUM OF ART
I.M. PEI
1968
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
The formative idea of relating repetitive and unique elements is
the design of buildings by establishing relationships between
components which have singular and multiple manifestations.
REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE
REPETITIVE TO
UNIQUE
UNIQUE SURROUNDED BY
REPETITIVE
RECTANGLE OVERLAPPED BY
CIRCLE
UNIQUE IN REPETITIVE
FIELD
UNIQUE ADDED TO
REPETITIVE
UNIQUE DEFINED BY
REPETITIVE
REPETITIVE TO
UNIQUE
UNIQUE SURROUNDED BY
REPETITIVE
FIRE STATION N0 4
ROBERT VENTURI
1966
LEICESTER ENGINEERING
BUILDING
JAMES STIRLING
1959
VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA
ALVAR AALTO
1956-1958
REPETITIVE TO
UNIQUE
RECTANGLE OVERLAPPED
BY CIRCLE
FIRE STATION N0 4
ROBERT VENTURI
1966
LEICESTER ENGINEERING
BUILDING
JAMES STIRLING
1959
VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA
ALVAR AALTO
1956-1958
REPETITIVE TO
UNIQUE
UNIQUE IN REPETITIVE
FIELD
FIRE STATION N0 4
ROBERT VENTURI
1966
LEICESTER ENGINEERING
BUILDING
JAMES STIRLING
1959
VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA
ALVAR AALTO
1956-1958
REPETITIVE TO
UNIQUE
UNIQUE ADDED TO
REPETITIVE
FIRE STATION N0 4
ROBERT VENTURI
1966
LEICESTER ENGINEERING
BUILDING
JAMES STIRLING
1959
VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA
ALVAR AALTO
1956-1958
REPETITIVE TO
UNIQUE
UNIQUE DEFINED BY
REPETITIVE
FIRE STATION N0 4
ROBERT VENTURI
1966
LEICESTER ENGINEERING
BUILDING
JAMES STIRLING
1959
VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA
ALVAR AALTO
1956-1958
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Suatu ide formatif dimana ada bagian-bagian yang dibentuk atau
dihilangkan ketika menciptakan suatu bentukkan.
ADDITIVE &
SUBTRACTIVE
ADDITIVE &
SUBTRACTIVE
SUBTRACTIVE
ADDITIVE
ADDITIVE &
SUBTRACTIVE SUBTRACTIVE
ADDITIVE &
SUBTRACTIVE ADDITIVE
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Keseimbangan tercipta di antara komponen yang menciptakan suatu
bentukkan.
SYMMETRY & BALANCE
SYMMETRY & BALANCE
SYMMETRY
BALANCE BY
CONFIGURATION
BALANCE BY GEOMETRY
BALANCE BY POSITIVE
& NEGATIVE
SYMMETRY &
BALANCE SYMMETRY
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
SYMMETRY &
BALANCE
BALANCE BY
CONFIGURATION
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
SYMMETRY &
BALANCE BALANCE BY GEOMETRY
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
SYMMETRY &
BALANCE
BALANCE BY POSITIVE &
NEGATIVE
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Ide formatif dimana konsep dari bidang dan geometri solid
digunakan untuk menentukan bentukkan bangunan.
GEOMETRY & GRID
GEOMETRY & GRID
BASIC
GEOMETRY
CIRCLE &
SQUARE
RECTANGLE
OVERLAPPED BY
CIRCLE
TWO SQUARES
NINE-SQUARE
FOUR-SQUARE
1.4 & 1.6
RECTANGLE
GEOMETRIC
DERIVATIVES
ROTATED, SHIFTED
& OVERLAPPED
PINWHEL, RADIAL
& SPIRAL
GRID
GEOMETRY & GRID
BASIC GEOMETRY
CIRCLE & SQUARE
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
GEOMETRY & GRID
RECTANGLE OVERLAPPED
BY CIRCLE
TWO SQUARES
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
GEOMETRY & GRID
NINE-SQUARE
FOUR-SQUARE
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
GEOMETRY & GRID
1.4 & 1.6 RECTANGLE
GEOMETRIC DERIVATIVES
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
GEOMETRY & GRID
ROTATED, SHIFTED &
OVERLAPPED
PINWHEEL, RADIAL &
SPIRAL
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
GEOMETRY & GRID
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
GRID
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Menggambarkan disposisi relatif dari bagian-bagian, dan
merupakan tema ketika merancang ruang dan mengorganisasikan
kelompok ruang dan bentuk.
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS
LINEAR : USE
LINEAR :
CIRCULATION
CENTRAL :
USE
CENTRAL :
CIRCULATION
DOUBLE
CENTER
CLUSTER
NESTED
CONCENTRIC
BINUCLEAR
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS LINEAR
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
LINEAR : USE
LINEAR : CIRCULATION
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS CENTRAL
CENTRAL : USE
CENTRAL : CIRCULATION
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS DOUBLE CENTER
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS CLUSTER
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS NESTED
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS CONCENTRIC
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
CONFIGURATION
PATTERNS BINUCLEAR
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Progression adalah pola dari perubahan secara berkala yang
menggambarkan pergerakan dari satu kondisi/atribut ke kondisi
lain.
PROGRESSION
PROGRESSION
HIERARCHY
TRANSITION
TRANSFORMATION
MEDIATION
PROGRESSION HIERARCHY
OSTERLARS CHURCH
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
12TH CENTURY
EINSIEDELN ABBEY
KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER
1719-1735
DIRECTOR’S HOUSE
CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX
1775-1779
PROGRESSION TRANSITION
GUILD HOUSE
ROBERT VENTURI
1961
HOUSE OF THE FAUN
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
2ND CENTURY BC
SOUTH PLATFORM AT MONTE
ALBAN
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
C.500
PROGRESSION TRANSFORMATION
CHURCH OF SAN LORENZO
GUARINO GUARINI
1666-1679
SAN MARIA DELLA
CONSOLAZIONE
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
1508
CHURCH AT FIRMINY-VERT
LE CORBUSIER
1963
PROGRESSION MEDIATION
ROYAL CHANCELLERY
ERIK GUNNAR ASPLUND
1922
ALLEN ART MUSEUM ADDITION
ROBERT VENTURI
1973-1976
THE ATHENEUM
RICHARD MEIER
1975-1979
FORMATIVE
IDEAS
Miniatur dari keseluruhan atau bagian utama dari suatu bangunan.
Komponen yang dikecilkan bisa merupakan bagian dari keseluruhan,
atau merupakan elemen penunjang yang ditambahkan ke bagian
utama.
REDUCTIONS
REDUCTIONS
LARGE PLUS SMALL
REDUCTIONS
PART OF WHOLE
REDUCTION
REDUCTIONS LARGE PLUS SMALL
REDUCTION
THE SALUTATION
EDWIN LUTYENS
1911
SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE
JORN UTZON
1957-1968
SHUKOSA BUILDING
ARATA ISOZAKI
1974-1975
REDUCTIONS PART OF WHOLE
REDUCTION
EASTON NESTON
NICHOLAS HAWKSMOOR
C.1695-1710
STRATFORD HALL
ARCHITECT UNKNOWN
1725
ERDMAN HALL DORMITORIES
LOUIS I KAHN
1960-1965