PRECAST CONCRETE LINING TUNNEL - · PDF filePRECAST CONCRETE LINING TUNNEL FURTHER...

PRECAST CONCRETE LINING TUNNEL

FIRST TARGET:

• Research on standard design of concrete lining precast segments, with reference to normal loading conditions (metro tunnels);

• Give metro lining tunnel design (soil type Milano) as “benchmark” for further developments in research topics (blast and fire engineering);

⇒ METRO OF PALERMO


FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS:

• Awareness that only one design example is not enough for complete and deep understanding of concrete segment lining tunnel design;

• Need for “conceptual design” to investigate more variables pertaining standard design of concrete segment lining tunnel: not only about geometry of one only segment but with reference to all kind of details in geoemtery and joints.

⇒ NEED OF DESIGN DATABASE


FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS:

01 DATABASE - PRECAST CONCRETE TUNNEL LINING

02 DATABASE - JOINTS DETAILS

BIBLIOGRAPHY


FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS…


• Collect and catalogue detail projects or “as build” of precast concrete lining tunnels, including all type of function roads/railways/hydraulics.

• Characterize main parameters: geometric ratios, mechanicals and structural ratios, geotechnical ad functional context.

• Deduce correlations between parameters to assess design trend under ordinary loads conditions.


FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS …

02 DATABASE - JOINTS DETAILS

• Catalogue of segments joints type and constitutive laws.• Catalogue of type of gasket in segments.• Type of concrete admix applied outside concrete ring.


FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS …BIBLIOGRAPHY• BLAST ENGINEERING….

� FEMA 426 Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings

� FEMA 459 Incremental Protection for Existing Commercial Buildings from Terrorist Attack

• PRECAST CONCRETE LINING TUNNEL ….� PAST EXPERIENCES: PASSANTE MILANO, METRO BARCELLONA

� NORMS & STANDARD: AFTES 1997 Precast concrete segments, Calcestruzzo extrusionato-rivestimento per tunnel

� LETERATURE REVIEW: 20 PAPERS & 3 THESIS


01 DATABASE - PRECAST CONCRETE TUNNEL LININGList of main parameters:

a) Tunnel type. ⇒ Roads/Railways/Hydraulicsb) Geological and geotechnical context.

i. Soil type ⇒ [-]ii. H max/min soil overburden ⇒ [m]iii. Geotechnical parameters ⇒ γ φ-c’ / cu

c) Excavation diameter. ⇒ Ds [mm]d) External lining diameter ⇒ De [mm]e) Lining average length (circular) ⇒ La [mm]


01 DATABASE - PRECAST CONCRETE TUNNEL LININGList of main parameters :…

f) Segments thickness. ⇒ s [mm]g) N segments/ring. ⇒ n [-]h) Type of ring. ⇒ universal/straight…i) Segment thickness/ring diameter ratio⇒ s / De [-]j) Reinforcement density. ⇒ ptot [kg/mc]

i. Longitudinal reinforcement ⇒ ρl =Asl/Ac [%]ii. Transversal reinforcement ⇒ ρt =Ast/Ac [%]iii. % principal and secondary reinforcement.⇒ p1/ptot e p2/ptot [%]



k) Concrete volume / tunnel unitary length ratio. ⇒ [mq]l) Comp. segment concrete strength Rck. ⇒ [MPa]m)Compressive strength ratio. ⇒ N/(Acxfck) [-]n) Presence of additional inner lining . ⇒ [-]o) Filling behind segments.

i. Type ⇒ [-]ii. Thickness ⇒ se [mm]

p) Presence of seal band ⇒ [-]q) Tension strength ⇒ [-]



r) Gaskets ⇒ [-]s) Max design pressure ⇒ [kPa]t) Type of longitudinal joints. ⇒ [-]

i. N/segment ⇒ [-]ii. Diameter ⇒ dl [mm]

u) Type of transversal joints. ⇒ [-]i. N/segment ⇒ [-]ii. Diameter ⇒ dt [mm]

v) Type of TBM. ⇒ [-]



� Need to define database with uniform and standard parameters that may be extended to more design offices, to improve database content.

� Anonymous source (with ), data coded: X-YYY-NX = S (roads), T (railways), H (hydraulics)YYY = design office (origin of data), ex. LOMN = progressive number



Ring slenderness

y = 0.0399x + 29.644

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

∅∅∅∅ext (outer diameter) [mm]

s (s

egm

ent t

hic

knes

s) [m

m]

Design data

Linear interp.


AFTES 1997 Precast concrete segments



Segment area aspect ratio

y = 2.5307x - 797.35

0500

100015002000250030003500400045005000

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

Segment length [mm]

Seg

men

t wid

th [m

m]

Design data

Linear interp.



Ring segments number vs. Tunnel diameter

y = 0.0003x + 4.8194

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

∅∅∅∅ext (outer diameter) [mm]

n (

segm

ent)

[#]

Design data

Linear interp.



Concrete lining volume vs. Tunnel diameter

y = 2.3584x - 8.5708

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00

∅∅∅∅ext (outer diameter) [m]

Co

ncr

ete

volu

me

[m3]/

tu

nn

el u

nit

ary

len

gth

[m

] -

[m2 ]

Design data

Linear interp.



Segment longitudinal % reinf. vs. thickness

y = 9E-06x + 0.0051

0.00%

0.20%

0.40%

0.60%

0.80%

1.00%

1.20%

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

s (thicness) [mm]

Lo

ng

. Rei

nf.

%

Design data

Linear interp.



Segment transverse % reinf. vs. thickness

y = 2E-07x + 0.0006

0.00%

0.02%

0.04%

0.06%

0.08%

0.10%

0.12%

0.14%

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

s (thickness) [mm]

Tra

nsv

. Rei

nf.

%

Design data

Linear interp.



Segments reinf. principal+secondary

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

14.20 9.50 5.90 3.44 6.80 4.78


Pri

nci

pal

/Sec

on

dar

y re

inf.

[%

]

Secondary reinf.

Principal reinf.



Concrete comp. strength vs. segment thickness

y = 0.0323x + 34.658

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

s (thickness) [mm]

Co

ncr

ete

com

p.s

tren

gth

[N

/mm

2]

Design data

Linear interp.



Reinforcement volumetric ratio vs. Tunnel diameter

y = 0.7253x + 127.61

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00


Rei

nfo

rcem

ent

volu

met

ric

rati

o

[kg

/m3]

Design data

Linear interp.



Reinforcement volumetric ratio vs. s/∅∅∅∅ext ratio

y = -466.02x + 154.87

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060

s/∅∅∅∅ext [-]

Rei

nfo

rcem

ent

volu

met

ric

rati

o

[kg

/m3]

Design data

Linear interp.


01 DATABASE - PRECAST CONCRETE TUNNEL LININGN. longitudinal connectors vs. segment length

y = 0.7253x + 127.61

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Segment length [mm]

N. l

on

git

udin

al c

onn

ecto

rs [

#]

Design data

Linear interp.



N. transversal connectors vs. segment width

y = 0.7253x + 127.61

0

1

2

3

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

Segment width [mm]

N. t

ran

sver

sal c

on

nec

tors

[#]

Design data

Linear interp.



N. longitudinal connectors vs. segment weight

y = 0.7253x + 127.61

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Segment weight [kN]

N. l

on

git

ud

inal

co

nn

ecto

rs [

#]

Design data

Linear interp.

THANK YOU !

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