PRE-REVOLUTION PRE-REVOLUTION AMERICAAMERICA

U.S. HISTORY U.S. HISTORY

JONES COLLEGE PREPJONES COLLEGE PREP

THE GREAT AWAKENINGTHE GREAT AWAKENING

A religious movement which resulted in the A religious movement which resulted in the rebellion against an authoritarian religion rebellion against an authoritarian religion *MAJOR PLAYER: George Whitfield preacher from *MAJOR PLAYER: George Whitfield preacher from

England who moves to colonies and declares “All who England who moves to colonies and declares “All who are here [heaven] are Christians”are here [heaven] are Christians”

– the ideas it produced opposed the notion of a single the ideas it produced opposed the notion of a single truth or a single churchtruth or a single church

– God’s will is not interpreted by the monarch, but rather God’s will is not interpreted by the monarch, but rather by the colonists themselvesby the colonists themselves

– Resulted in cultural and political repercussions as Resulted in cultural and political repercussions as well. well.

– Aided in development a “national consciousness” which Aided in development a “national consciousness” which unified people across races, religions, and classes. unified people across races, religions, and classes.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF GREAT ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF GREAT AWAKENINGAWAKENING

– UNIFIED COLONISTS UNIFIED COLONISTS – PROMPTED THE PROMPTED THE

BEGINNING OF BEGINNING OF SEPERATION OF SEPERATION OF CHURCH AND STATE CHURCH AND STATE

– RESULTED IN THE RESULTED IN THE RISE OF EDUCATION RISE OF EDUCATION

– RISE IN RISE IN INDIVIDUALISM INDIVIDUALISM

EDUCATION EDUCATION Schooling becomes a priority among Schooling becomes a priority among

settlers, especially New Englandsettlers, especially New England– Harvard founded in 1636: males went to Harvard founded in 1636: males went to

learn to serve as ministers, lawyers, judges, learn to serve as ministers, lawyers, judges, governors, and simply to become well governors, and simply to become well educatededucated

– Females were limited in their studies. Most Females were limited in their studies. Most learned household dutieslearned household duties Women could not hold office or vote, but were Women could not hold office or vote, but were

responsible for much of the household work, responsible for much of the household work, and took over farms when husbands died. and took over farms when husbands died.

ENGLAND’S CONTROL OVER ENGLAND’S CONTROL OVER AMERICA AMERICA

England utilizes mercantilism in order to hold England utilizes mercantilism in order to hold political and economic control over the coloniespolitical and economic control over the colonies– IRON ACTS-IRON ACTS- passed in 1750 by English Parliament passed in 1750 by English Parliament

in order to limit the production and trade of iron goods. in order to limit the production and trade of iron goods.

– NAVIGATION ACTSNAVIGATION ACTS A constant flux in the English rulers makes this A constant flux in the English rulers makes this

policy difficult to maintain policy difficult to maintain – Period of Salutary neglect: 1689-1763 battles Period of Salutary neglect: 1689-1763 battles

with France took attention away from colonieswith France took attention away from colonies– http://www.academicamerican.com/colonial/http://www.academicamerican.com/colonial/

topics/navacts.htmtopics/navacts.htm

NAVIGATION ACTSNAVIGATION ACTS 1650 and 16511650 and 1651 forbade the importation into England of all goods except in forbade the importation into England of all goods except in

English ships or ships owned by the producing country, eliminating third party English ships or ships owned by the producing country, eliminating third party carriers. carriers.

16601660 forbade the importing into or the exporting from the British colonies of any forbade the importing into or the exporting from the British colonies of any goods except in English or colonial ships (with ¾ of the crew British) and it goods except in English or colonial ships (with ¾ of the crew British) and it forbade certain colonial articles such as sugar, tobacco, wool and cotton from forbade certain colonial articles such as sugar, tobacco, wool and cotton from being shipped to any country except to England or some English plantation in being shipped to any country except to England or some English plantation in order to keep them from competitors order to keep them from competitors

1660s and 1670s1660s and 1670s acts were also designed to tighten enforcement, as patrolling acts were also designed to tighten enforcement, as patrolling the lengthy coastline of America with its many bays and rivers was extremely the lengthy coastline of America with its many bays and rivers was extremely difficult and costly. The net result was that the navigation acts, while rigorous on difficult and costly. The net result was that the navigation acts, while rigorous on paper, were very loosely enforced and the colonists with became habitual paper, were very loosely enforced and the colonists with became habitual offenders and smugglers.offenders and smugglers.

16751675 King Charles the second designated certain Privy Councilors as “Lords of King Charles the second designated certain Privy Councilors as “Lords of Trade and Plantations” in order to make colonial trade more profitable. From then Trade and Plantations” in order to make colonial trade more profitable. From then until 1696 the Lords of Trade handled most colonial matters. until 1696 the Lords of Trade handled most colonial matters.

16961696 navigation act confined all colonial trade to English built ships and tried navigation act confined all colonial trade to English built ships and tried once again to toughen enforcement procedures in order to collect duties. In once again to toughen enforcement procedures in order to collect duties. In addition it voided this all colonial laws passed in opposition to the navigation acts, addition it voided this all colonial laws passed in opposition to the navigation acts, and the act created the Board Of Commissioners for Trade And Plantations. The and the act created the Board Of Commissioners for Trade And Plantations. The Board's 15 members provided centralized control of colonial affairs. Board's 15 members provided centralized control of colonial affairs.

NATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES

Use of land brings profit to many new Use of land brings profit to many new colonistscolonists– Plantations and Farms built on fertile soil. Plantations and Farms built on fertile soil.

Motivated many people from less prosperous Motivated many people from less prosperous lands to settle (Think: Ohio Company)lands to settle (Think: Ohio Company) Main cause for the expansion of slave tradeMain cause for the expansion of slave trade America became known for its resources such as America became known for its resources such as

fish, livestock, flour, and lumber fish, livestock, flour, and lumber