Pre-Quiz #1 Identify the 3 major goals to American Imperialism. 1.2.3.

Pre-Quiz #1Pre-Quiz #1

Identify the 3 major goals to American Identify the 3 major goals to American Imperialism.Imperialism.

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

WORD BANKWORD BANKImperialismImperialism isolationismisolationism intervene intervene Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge

Carl SchurzCarl Schurz Josiah StrongJosiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan Alfred T. Mahan Social Social DarwinismDarwinismreformerreformer realismrealism idealism idealism Anglo-Saxon CivilizationAnglo-Saxon Civilizationnational interestnational interest Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Big Stick PolicyBig Stick Policycorollarycorollary Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Self-Self-DeterminationDetermination5. To involve yourself deliberately in a situation, especially in a 5. To involve yourself deliberately in a situation, especially in a

conflict or dispute, in order to influence what is happening and, conflict or dispute, in order to influence what is happening and, most often, to prevent undesirable consequences. most often, to prevent undesirable consequences.

6. The political, military, or economic domination of one country 6. The political, military, or economic domination of one country over another.over another.

7. A government policy based on the belief that national interests 7. A government policy based on the belief that national interests are best served by avoiding economic and political alliances are best served by avoiding economic and political alliances with other countries.with other countries.

8. A social theory stating that the political and economic 8. A social theory stating that the political and economic advantages in a developed society are gained from the advantages in a developed society are gained from the biological advantages of its collective membership (i.e. survival biological advantages of its collective membership (i.e. survival of the fittest).of the fittest).

9. A set of goals that a country considers to be important. 9. A set of goals that a country considers to be important.


1.1. Identify the 3 major goals to American Identify the 3 major goals to American Imperialism.Imperialism.

2. Provide an example for each 2. Provide an example for each motivation.motivation.

3. Provide an example as to why some 3. Provide an example as to why some Americans were against imperialism.Americans were against imperialism.

WORD BANKWORD BANK

Henry Cabot Lodge;Henry Cabot Lodge; Carl Schurz;Carl Schurz; Josiah Strong; Josiah Strong; Alfred T. Mahan;Alfred T. Mahan;

realism;realism; idealism idealism1. A naval officer and historian who believed that U.S. foreign policy 1. A naval officer and historian who believed that U.S. foreign policy

should become a world power by building a strong navy via ships and should become a world power by building a strong navy via ships and acquiring convenient coaling stations.acquiring convenient coaling stations.

2. An anti-imperialist politician who believed that the U.S. should defend 2. An anti-imperialist politician who believed that the U.S. should defend its interests, but our policy should promote peace, not conquest.its interests, but our policy should promote peace, not conquest.

3. A Christian missionary (someone who goes to another country to spread 3. A Christian missionary (someone who goes to another country to spread his/her religious faith) who believed it was the duty of the U.S. to his/her religious faith) who believed it was the duty of the U.S. to morally spread its Anglo-Saxon civilization to the dark places of the morally spread its Anglo-Saxon civilization to the dark places of the world.world.

4. A United States Senator who encouraged America to expand in order to 4. A United States Senator who encouraged America to expand in order to economically compete with other countries.economically compete with other countries.

5. The U.S. foreign policy that focuses on 5. The U.S. foreign policy that focuses on practicalpractical (realistic) concerns and (realistic) concerns and national self-interest national self-interest (what we can gain from this experience: natural (what we can gain from this experience: natural resources, Panama Canal, etc).resources, Panama Canal, etc).

6. The U.S. foreign policy that focuses on 6. The U.S. foreign policy that focuses on moral valuesmoral values (right vs. wrong) (right vs. wrong) and the spread of and the spread of American idealsAmerican ideals (democracy and capitalism). (democracy and capitalism).

Pre-Quiz #3Pre-Quiz #31. Identify the 3 major goals to American Imperialism.1. Identify the 3 major goals to American Imperialism.

2. If 2. If REALISMREALISM focuses on what we can gain (i.e. natural focuses on what we can gain (i.e. natural resources, Panama Canal, etc.) from taking over other resources, Panama Canal, etc.) from taking over other countries, which of the following gentlemen would be most countries, which of the following gentlemen would be most likely to agree with the policy of likely to agree with the policy of REALISM?REALISM?

Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge Carl SchurzCarl Schurz Josiah Strong Josiah Strong Alfred T. Alfred T. MahanMahan

3.3. If IDEALISM focuses on the moral values (right vs. wrong) If IDEALISM focuses on the moral values (right vs. wrong) and the spread of American ideals, which of the following and the spread of American ideals, which of the following gentlemen would be most likely to agree with the policy of gentlemen would be most likely to agree with the policy of IDEALISM?IDEALISM?

Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge Carl SchurzCarl Schurz Josiah Strong Josiah Strong Alfred T. Alfred T. MahanMahan


Carl SchurzCarl Schurz Josiah StrongJosiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan Alfred T. Mahan Social Social DarwinismDarwinismreformerreformer realismrealism idealism idealism Anglo-Saxon CivilizationAnglo-Saxon Civilizationnational interestnational interest Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Big Stick PolicyBig Stick Policycorollarycorollary Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Self-Self-DeterminationDetermination4. A term used by Josiah Strong that refers to white 4. A term used by Josiah Strong that refers to white

English-speaking peoples.English-speaking peoples.

5.5. The political principle that stated that Europe should no The political principle that stated that Europe should no longer involve itself in the Western Hemisphere.longer involve itself in the Western Hemisphere.

6. A proposition or statement that is a logical extension of 6. A proposition or statement that is a logical extension of a principle or an original idea.a principle or an original idea.

7.7. A person or a movement that tries to make change or A person or a movement that tries to make change or tries to change others.tries to change others.

8. The half of the Earth that is to the west of the prime 8. The half of the Earth that is to the west of the prime meridian, including North and South America and meridian, including North and South America and portions of western Europe and Africa.portions of western Europe and Africa.


Carl SchurzCarl Schurz Josiah StrongJosiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan Alfred T. Mahan Social Social DarwinismDarwinismreformerreformer realismrealism idealism idealism Anglo-Saxon CivilizationAnglo-Saxon Civilizationnational interestnational interest Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Big Stick PolicyBig Stick Policycorollarycorollary Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Self-Self-DeterminationDetermination9.9. Roosevelt’s strong-arm approach to foreign affairs was Roosevelt’s strong-arm approach to foreign affairs was

modeled after this West African proverb.modeled after this West African proverb.

10.10. Taft’s policy was to encourage and protect American trade Taft’s policy was to encourage and protect American trade and investment in Latin America.and investment in Latin America.

11.11. One of Wilson’s policies was to promote and spread One of Wilson’s policies was to promote and spread democratic ideals, rather than economic investment or the democratic ideals, rather than economic investment or the use of force.use of force.

12.12. Another one of Wilson’s policies was to allow the right of Another one of Wilson’s policies was to allow the right of the foreign peoples to decide on their own government the foreign peoples to decide on their own government that was free of outside influence.that was free of outside influence.

13.13. After taking a look at questions 9-12, which of the After taking a look at questions 9-12, which of the president’s policies would you MOST PREFER and LEAST president’s policies would you MOST PREFER and LEAST PREFER?PREFER?

Pre-Quiz #4Pre-Quiz #4Evaluate and rank the four gentlemen’s Evaluate and rank the four gentlemen’s

views towards American imperialism. views towards American imperialism. Who would you have most likely to Who would you have most likely to have agreed with at this time in have agreed with at this time in American history? Why?American history? Why?

• Henry Cabot Lodge:Henry Cabot Lodge:• Carl Schurz:Carl Schurz:• Josiah Strong:Josiah Strong:• Alfred T. Mahan:Alfred T. Mahan:

Pre-Quiz #5: Identify and explain how the “Four Pre-Quiz #5: Identify and explain how the “Four Schools” of American imperialism are Schools” of American imperialism are represented in this cartoon.represented in this cartoon.


1.1. Identify the names of the diplomatic Identify the names of the diplomatic policies taken by Presidents policies taken by Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.

2.2. Explain what each of these policies Explain what each of these policies meant. meant.


1.1. Identify the names of the diplomatic policies Identify the names of the diplomatic policies taken by Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.taken by Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.

2.2. Explain what each of these policies meant.Explain what each of these policies meant.

3.3. Explain how each of the following gentlemen Explain how each of the following gentlemen would react to each president’s foreign policy.would react to each president’s foreign policy.

• Henry Cabot Lodge:Henry Cabot Lodge:• Carl Schurz:Carl Schurz:• Josiah Strong:Josiah Strong:• Alfred T. Mahan:Alfred T. Mahan:

American ImperialismAmerican ImperialismRoosevelt’s Great White Roosevelt’s Great White

FleetFleet

December 16, 1907, and December 16, 1907, and February 22, 1909, to February 22, 1909, to demonstrate the strength of the demonstrate the strength of the new American Navy (43,000 new American Navy (43,000 miles).miles).

Motivating Factor #1Motivating Factor #1: : MilitaryMilitary• The Desire for Military StrengthThe Desire for Military Strength

– An increased military An increased military presence to keep pace with presence to keep pace with European powersEuropean powers

• British Army = 5x biggerBritish Army = 5x bigger

• British Navy = 10x biggerBritish Navy = 10x bigger

– Modern naval fleet to protect Modern naval fleet to protect American business and American business and shipping interests around shipping interests around the world;the world;

– National prosperity depends National prosperity depends on control of the world’s sea on control of the world’s sea lanes (acquire naval bases lanes (acquire naval bases all over the world)all over the world)

American ImperialismAmerican ImperialismMotivating Factor #2Motivating Factor #2: : EconomicEconomic

• Thirst for new marketsThirst for new markets

– Raw materials needed to fuel Raw materials needed to fuel America’s industrial machine;America’s industrial machine;

– New technology in the late 19New technology in the late 19thth Century created more goods than Century created more goods than Americans could ever consume;Americans could ever consume;

– Overseas markets for American Overseas markets for American agricultural & manufactured agricultural & manufactured goods;goods;

– Foreign trade would solve Foreign trade would solve unemployment & economic unemployment & economic depression.depression.

American ImperialismAmerican ImperialismMotivating Factor #3Motivating Factor #3: :

PoliticalPolitical• The Belief in Cultural The Belief in Cultural

SuperioritySuperiority

– Social Darwinism: a Social Darwinism: a free-market free-market competition will lead to competition will lead to the survival of the the survival of the fittest;fittest;

– Belief in racial Belief in racial superiority of Anglo-superiority of Anglo-Saxons;Saxons;

– Responsibility of Responsibility of spreading Christianity spreading Christianity and to civilize the and to civilize the savage worldsavage world

• ((white man’s white man’s burdenburden).).

What about those who were What about those who were opposedopposed to the ideals to the ideals of American Imperialism?of American Imperialism?

Motivating FactorMotivating Factor: : Peaceful MeasuresPeaceful Measures

• Belief in Promoting Peace, Not Conquest.Belief in Promoting Peace, Not Conquest.

– Defend America’s interests with dignity Defend America’s interests with dignity and respect;and respect;

– We already have enough land with We already have enough land with westward settlement;westward settlement;

– Our economy can regulate itself;Our economy can regulate itself;

– We have enough raw materials;We have enough raw materials;

– We have too many domestic problems We have too many domestic problems with immigration and poverty;with immigration and poverty;

– Who defines the “superior culture” Who defines the “superior culture” anyway?anyway?

““A Man, A Plan, A Canal, A Man, A Plan, A Canal, Panama”Panama”

• American interest in Panama in American interest in Panama in 1850 built a railroad to transport 1850 built a railroad to transport Americans during the California Americans during the California Gold Rush;Gold Rush;

• French/United States wants to build French/United States wants to build a canal on the Isthmus of Panama.a canal on the Isthmus of Panama.– But the Isthmus of Panama belongs But the Isthmus of Panama belongs

to Colombia and Colombia says to Colombia and Colombia says “No!”;“No!”;

• Philippe Bunau-Varilla and Nelson Philippe Bunau-Varilla and Nelson Cromwell’s bold plan;Cromwell’s bold plan;

• Panamanian Independence and Panamanian Independence and American control of the canal until American control of the canal until 1999!!!1999!!!

• American ingenuity: American ingenuity: LocksLocks which which raise and lower ships in order to raise and lower ships in order to move them between two oceans;move them between two oceans;

• Cost to build: 5,600 lives and $387 Cost to build: 5,600 lives and $387 millionmillion!!

Atlantic Ocean

The Annexation of HawaiiThe Annexation of Hawaii• Did we acquire Hawaii legitimately?Did we acquire Hawaii legitimately?

• Businessmen, American minister, U.S. Businessmen, American minister, U.S. soldiers overthrow Hawaii’s queen.soldiers overthrow Hawaii’s queen.

• 1959: 501959: 50thth State & 90% support. State & 90% support.

• Democratic principles? Democratic principles? – Sanford Dole = Pineapple; became Hawaii’s Sanford Dole = Pineapple; became Hawaii’s

president without a single votepresident without a single vote

• President Cleveland re-examined the President Cleveland re-examined the annexation of Hawaiiannexation of Hawaii

• President McKinley + Congress = President McKinley + Congress = Control of Hawaii.Control of Hawaii.

• 1993: President Clinton + Congress = 1993: President Clinton + Congress = Apology.Apology.

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War• President McKinley hesitant to go to President McKinley hesitant to go to

war, served in the Civil Warwar, served in the Civil War

• Assistant Secretary of the Navy Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt pushes for warTheodore Roosevelt pushes for war

• William Randolph Hearts and Joseph William Randolph Hearts and Joseph Pulitzer work up war fever (Cubans Pulitzer work up war fever (Cubans mistreated by Spanish); mistreated by Spanish);

• The USS Maine explodes in Havana The USS Maine explodes in Havana Harbor, America goes to war;Harbor, America goes to war;

• US defeats Spain;US defeats Spain;– Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Philippines, Puerto Rico, and

Guam = US territories.Guam = US territories.

• Platt Amendment = U.S. intervention Platt Amendment = U.S. intervention in Cuba to defend “life, property, in Cuba to defend “life, property, and individual liberties;and individual liberties;

The Philippine-American WarThe Philippine-American War• Sequel to the Spanish-American War: Sequel to the Spanish-American War:

250,000 lives lost;250,000 lives lost;

• Mark Twain and other famous authors Mark Twain and other famous authors suspicious of America’s intentionssuspicious of America’s intentions

• White Man’s Burden = U.S. has a duty to White Man’s Burden = U.S. has a duty to “civilize” the “inferior Filipino culture.”“civilize” the “inferior Filipino culture.”

• Guerilla warfare vs. total war;Guerilla warfare vs. total war;

• Samar Island = U.S. soldiers killed Samar Island = U.S. soldiers killed anyone capable of firing a gun;anyone capable of firing a gun;

• William Howard Taft as governor William Howard Taft as governor general, “Filipinos our little brown general, “Filipinos our little brown brothers.”brothers.”

• Lesson: Don’t overstretch our authority Lesson: Don’t overstretch our authority overseas.overseas.

• Philippine Independence: 1916.Philippine Independence: 1916.

““Policing the Caribbean and Central Policing the Caribbean and Central America” America”

“Intervention in Haiti”“Intervention in Haiti”• Germany demands a port in the Germany demands a port in the Dominican Republic, the U.S. says no;Dominican Republic, the U.S. says no;

• Haiti experiences 102 revolts, wars, or Haiti experiences 102 revolts, wars, or coups in only 72 years!!!coups in only 72 years!!!

– American interventionAmerican intervention– Charlemagne Peralte resisted the U.S. Charlemagne Peralte resisted the U.S.

His dead body was photographed with a His dead body was photographed with a crucifix and a Haitian flag as a warning crucifix and a Haitian flag as a warning

• Roosevelt (Big Stick Policy): U.S. must Roosevelt (Big Stick Policy): U.S. must protect the Panama Canal and other protect the Panama Canal and other American interestsAmerican interests

• Intervention in Latin America had four Intervention in Latin America had four steps:steps:

1.1. Military InterventionMilitary Intervention2.2. Train and fund the police and militaryTrain and fund the police and military3.3. Sponser electionsSponser elections4.4. Leave the country to govern itselfLeave the country to govern itself

The Caribbean, Central America, and HaitiThe Caribbean, Central America, and Haiti

Pre-Quiz #1 Identify the 3 major goals to American Imperialism. 1.2.3.

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