Pre-Industrial Life
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Transcript of Pre-Industrial Life
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Industry and Livelihoods before the Industrial
Revolution
Pre-Industrial Life
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Life before the Industrial RevolutionNot based on machineryNo mass production
Living from the Land
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Time – measured by religious events and seasons
Change – rareIncome – from farmingDisease – commonFamily size – small
High infant mortality (death) rate1 in 3 dies within first year of life1 in 2 reach age 21Average life expectance = 40
Location – most in country villagesMost never travel outside of village
A Harsh Way of Life
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Village LifeMost are
farmersRent/own
small strips of land in several areas of the village
Cooperative farming
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Village LifePublic land
– “village commons”WoodlandsPasturesLess-
fertile soilNo fencing
between public and private
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Village LifeEconomics –
localNot good
transportationMuddy roads
Self-sufficient towns
Grow enough for family + small amount to sell
Make own:HomesClothesTools
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Village LifeThe Rich
Country Estates – main house, cottages, barns, many fields
Luxurious living
Many servants
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Village LifeThe Poor
Rend land from landowners
Cottages: small, smoky, poorly lit, dirt floors
Sometimes shared shelter with animals
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Village LifeFarming
TraditionalSame
methods/tools as ancestors
Rely on weather for good seasonsUnpredictable
Involves every family member
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Small-scale industryCoal minesFocus on providing necessities
CoalIronGlassClothes
Most workers were also farm workersHelp with harvestFarmers help in workshops during winter
Early Industry
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Early IndustryWool
Second to farming
Needs network1. Buy raw fiber2. Clean, sort and
spin fiber into thread/yarn
3. Yarn to weaver4. Material to
fuller – shape/clean material
5. Dyer - coloring
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Domestic SystemEvery person focuses on one step of a
processLike weaving/wool
AKA – “Cottage System” or “Cottage Industry”
Workers are highly specializedDifferent stages of a process are handled
by different people in different cottages
Early Industry
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Early IndustryCoal
Located under farms
Mine workers worked on farms during harvest
Farm horses pull coal wagons from coal pits
OtherBuy what you
can’t makeGuns, furniture,
clothingImported goods
Barter systemTrade what you
have for what you need