PRE-HISTORY

EVOLUTION OF MAN

HOMO HABILIS

• 3 to 1 million years ago• Larger brain than ape• Made simple tools from stone• Found in Eastern and South Africa• Did not migrate

HOMO ERECTUS

• 1.6 million years ago• Walked more upright, taller• Larger brain, wider/longer skull• Less prominent jawline• Developed more sophisticated tools

» Flint» Hand axes» Discovered fire

• Migrated beyond Africa to Europe, Asia and eastern China

NEANDERTHAL• 200,000 BC• Shorter and stockier• Flat skull with receding forehead and thick brow ridge• Specialized tools

– Spears– Chisels– Borers

• Buried their dead with rituals– Skeleton remains encircled by stones, animal horns and flowers, due to

evidence of pollen.• Resided in communities• Confined to Europe and Middle East• Died out in 35,000 BC (co-existed with Homo sapiens)

HOMO SAPIENS (WISE MAN)• 100,000 BC (current man)• Dome-like skull to hold a larger brain• Less pronounced eyebrow ridge• Evolved variations in height, color and physiognomic features• More advanced• Developed projectile weapons (ie.. spears)

– Could kill from a distance– Decrease injuries

• Ability to build shelters• Hearths to keep fires alive longer• Different material for tools• Needles from bone• Rope and thread from animal and plant fiber

START OF MIGRATION

• Negroid– Remained in Africa

• Mongoloid– 60,000 BC– Migrated from Africa to Asia

• Caucasoid – 40,000 BC– Migrated from Africa to Europe and Western Asia

DATING METHODS

SEQUENCE DATING

• Studying pottery• Each civilization’s pottery was different in

design, shape or texture

CARBON-14

• All living things absorb a radioactive substance that decays at a known rate every year. The remains of the radioactive substance tells how long it has been dead.

• Not used to date beyond 1000 BC

POTASSIUM

• The decay of radioactive minerals in rocks• Potassium is a metal-like element found in

nature• Argon is a gas• Only applied to rocks formed by great heat,

like volcanic action

TREE RING

• Used to double check carbon-14 dating• Count the rings inside the tree trunk

HOMEWORK

• THREE (3) PARAGRAPHS EXPLAINING AN IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVEN IN YOUR LIFE THAT PERSONALLY AFFECTED YOU AND HOW IT DIRECTLY RELATES TO YOUR FUTURE GOALS.

REVIEW

• WHAT SPECIES OF MAN DISCOVERED FIRE?

REVIEW

• WHICH SPECIES OF MAN WERE THE FIRST TO RESIDE IN SOCIAL COMMUNITIES?

REVIEW

• WHO WERE THE EARLIEST KNOWN SPECIES OF MAN?

REVIEW

• WHERE DID MAN MIGRATE FROM?

REVIEW

• WHY WAS THE ADVANCEMENT OF TOOLS IMPORTANT?

REVIEW

• WHAT DISTINGISH THE HOMO SAPIENS FROM ALL OTHER SPECIES?